PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME XVI 1903 WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1904 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION WILLIAM P. HAY, Chairman GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. DAVID WHITE CONTENTS. Officers and committees for 1903 v Proceedings vii-xi A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Jurassic of Colorado, by J. B. Hatcher 1-2 Description of a New Species of Gecko from Cocos Island, by Leonhard Stejneger 3-4 Review of the Classification of the Cyrenacea, by William H. Dall . 5-8 A New Cocklebur from New Mexico, by T. D. A. Cockerell ... 9-10 A New Name for the Hawaiian Bird Genus Oreomyza, by Leon- hard Stejneger 11-12 Description of a New Quail-Dove from the West Indies, by J. H. Riley . 13-14 A New Cliff Swallow from Texas, by Harry C. Oberholser . . . . 15-16 Description of a New Vireo, by Harry C. Oberholser 17-18 Psilostrophe, a Neglected Genus of Southwestern Plants, by Aven Nelson 19-24 Two New Spermophiles from Alaska, by W. H. Osgood 25-28 Two New Plants from New Mexico, by Aven Nelson 29-30 Descriptions of Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 31-44 Three New Plants from New Mexico, by Aven'Nelson and T. D. A. Cockerell '. 45-46 Two New Wood Rats (Genus Neotoma) from State of Coahuila, Mexico, by C. Hart Merriam 47-48 General Notes 49-52 Three fishes new to the fauna of New Mexico, T. D. A. Cock erell, 49 ; Note on Phoca nigra Pallas, J. A. Allen, 49 ; A new name for Mas atratus Miller, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., 50 ; A new name (Hoplias) for the genus Macrodon of M tiller, Theo. Gill, 50 ; The technical name of the Indian Flying Fox, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., 50 ; A note on the Florida Phoebe, Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., 51 ; A new subgenus for Nyctaginia cockerdlse, T. D. A. Cockerell, 52 ; On the name of the common American Eel,- Austin H. Clark, 52. A New Reithrodontomys from Western Nebraska, by Merritt Gary 53-54 A New Genus and Species of Dragonfly from Brazil, by James G. Needham 55-58 A New Species of Flying Lizard from Sarawak, Borneo, by Thomas Barbour 59-60 Two New Species of Chamaeleon, by Thomas Barbour 61-62 Mammals of Mt. Katahdin, Maine, by B. H. Dutcher 63-72 Eight New Mammals from the United States, by C. Hart Merriam 73-78 Four New Mammals, Including a New Genus ( Teanopus) from Mexico, by C. Hart Merriam 79-82 The Short-mouthed Snake (Eutainia brachystoma Cope) in South ern Michigan, by Hubert Lyman Clark . . . 83-88 Description of a New Neotoma from Mexico, by Outram Bangs . . 89-90 The Hawthorns of Northeastern Wisconsin, by J. H. Schuette . . 91-98 (iii) iv Contents. General Notes 99-102 The proper name of the Redwood Chickaree, Outram Bangs, 99; A new name for the Dinosaur Haplocanthus Hatcher, J. B. Hatcher, 100 ; Corrections to the nomenclature of the Eocene fossil corals of the United States, T. Wayland Vaughan, 101; Note on the generic name Hylophilus, Harry C. Oberholser, 101 ; The Short-leaved Sundew in Vir ginia, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., 102. A New Landshell from California, by Paul Bartsch 103-104 Descriptions of New Genera, Species, and Subspecies of North American Birds, by Kobert Ridgway 105-112 The North American Forms of Astragalinus psaltria Say, by Harry C. Oberholser 113-116 A New Species of Habenaria from Cuba, by Oakes Ames .... 117-118 A New Nataline Bat from the Bahamas, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. . 119-120 A New Pigmy Squirrel from Central America, by E. W. Nelson . 121-122 A New Hognose Snake from Florida, by Leonhard Stejneger . . 123-124 General Notes 125-128 Earliest name for the American Crow, Charles W. Richmond, 125; Relationships of the Madagascar genus Hypositta Newton, Robert Ridgway, 125 ; Note on Sciurus mollipilosus Audubon and Bachman, J. A. Allen, 126 ; The Nodding Pogonia in the vicinity of Washington, Charles L. Pollard, 127 ; A new Violet from Kentucky, Charles L. Pollard, 127 ; Scolecophagus pre occupied, Charles W. Richmond, 128 ; On the name Eniconetta, Charles W. Richmond, 128. A New Species of Large Iguana from the Bahama Islands, by Leonhard Stejneger 129-132 On Species of South American Delphinidse Described by Dr. R. A. Philippi in 1893 and 1896, by Frederick W. True 133-144 A New Hare from Greece, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 145-146 A New Squirrel from Lower Siam, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr 147-148 Description of a New Telmatodytes, by Harry C. Oberholser . . . 149-150 Descriptions of New Birds from Southern Mexico, by E. W. Nelson 151-160 Descriptions of Two New Mole Rats, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. . . 161-164 A Second Specimen of Euderma maculaium, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. 165-166 Diagnoses of Nine New Forms of American Birds, by Robert Ridgway 167-170 Diagnoses of New Species of Mollusks from the Santa Barbara Channel, California, by William Healey Dall 171-176 Descriptions of Some New Tree Hoppers from the United States, by Elmer D. Ball 177-182 OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON For 1903 (ELECTED DECEMBER 27, 1902) OFFICERS President B. W. EVERMANN Vice- Presidents WM. H. ASHMEAD T. S. PALMER F. H. KNOWLTON WILLIAM P. HAY Recording Secretary WILFRED H. OSGOOD Corresponding Secretary T, W. STANTON Treasurer DAVID WHITE COUNCIL WILLIAM H. DALL* CHARLES L. POLLARD THEODORE GILL* GEORGE M. STERNBERG* L. O. HOWARD* H. J. WEBBER FREDERICK V. COVILLE* M. B. WAITE A. F. WOODS LESTER F. WARD* C. HART MERRIAM* CHARLES A. WHITE* J. N. ROSE STANDING COMMITTEES-1903 Committee on Communications V. K. CHESNUT, Chairman VERNON BAILEY A. B. BAKER A. F. WOODS MARCUS W. LYON, Jr. Committee on Publications WILLIAM P. HAY, Chairman GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. DAVID WHITE * Ex-Presidents of the Society. (V) VOL. XVI, PP. vii-xn. APRIL 18, 1904 PROCEEDINGS THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON PROCEEDINGS. The Society meets in the Assembly Hall of the Cosmos Club on alternate Saturdays at 8 P. M. Brief notices of the meetings, with abstracts of the papers, are published in Science. January 10, 1903 364th Meeting. The President in the chair and 54 persons present. Walter Evans spoke of a forest reserve which was about to be established in northeastern Porto Rico. The following communications were presented : L. O. Howard : Exhibition of Lantern Slides Illustrating Yellow Fever Investigations in Cuba. S. E. Meek : The Geographic Distribution of the Fresh-water Fishes of Mexico. O. P. Jenkins : Rate of the Nervous Impulse in Certain Invertebrates. January 24, 1903 365111 Meeting. The President in the chair and 27 persons present. William Palmer exhibited specimens of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, showing irregularities in the form of the base. T. D. A. Cockerell recorded three species of fish new to the Territory of New Mexico. The following communications were presented : A. D. Hopkins : Work of Forest Insects. 0. F. Cook : An Ordinal Character in the Diplopoda. O. F. Cook : Evolution, Cytology, and Mendel's Laws.* *Pop. Sci. Monthly, LXIII, pp. 219-228, July, 1903, (vii) viii The Biological Society of Washington. February 7, 1903366111 Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. The following communications were presented : Vernon Bailey : The Goodnight Herd of Buffaloes and Cataloes in Texas.* T. H. Kearney : Further Observations on the Effect upon Seedlings of Sodium and Magnesium. Frank Bond : Irrigation Methods and Machinery. February 21, 1903 367111 Meeting. The President in the chair and 34 persons present. Carleton R. Ball exhibited specimens of 5 species of grasses of the genus Elymus, illustrating differences between those grown in open and in shady places. The following communications were presented : D. E. Salmon : The Recent Outbreak of the Foot and Mouth Disease in New England. f H. J. Webber: Egyptian Cotton in the United States. J W. E. Safford : The Fauna of the Island of Guam.g March 7, 1903 368th Meeting. The President in the chair and 42 persons present. F. A. Lucas exhibited lantern slides showing the famous fossil-bearing quarries of Solenhofen, Bavaria, and also views of colonies of iguanas on the Galapagos Islands. The following communications were presented : F. W. True : Attitudes and Movements of Living Whales.]) 0. F. Cook : Biological Notes from Liberia. March 21, 1903 36gth Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons present. T. D. A. Cockerell exhibited specimens of cockleburs intermediate be tween Xanthium commune and Xanthium commune intermedium. B. W. Evermann spoke of shad from Pensacola, Florida, found to be identical with the Alabama shad. The following communications were presented : T. S. Palmer : The Preservation of Pelican Island as a Breeding Ground for Birds. Walter H. Evans : The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. Vernon Bailey : Desert Life of Western Texas. Paul Bartsch : Notes on the Herons of the District of Columbia.^ * Forest and Stream, LX, p. 325, Apr. 25, 1903. 1 19th Ann. Kept. Bur. Anim. Industry, U. S. Dept. Agric., pp. 391-408, 1903. j Trans. New Eng. Cotton Manuf. Assoc., No. 74, pp. 202-216, 1903 ; Proc. 7th Ann. Conven. So. Cotton Spinners' Assoc., pp. 127-141, 1903. Birds of the Marianne Ids., The Osprey, N. S., 1, pp. 39-42, March, 1902 ; pp. 65-70, April, 1902. U Smithsonian Misc. Col., XLV (quarterly issue), pp. 91-94, pis. xxiv-xxvi, Dec. 9, 1903. If Smithsonian Misc. Col., XLV (quarterly issue), pp. 104-111, Dec. 9, 1903. Proceedings. ix April 4, 1903 syoth Meeting. Vice-President Ashmead in the chair and 39 persons present. The following communications were presented : H. J. Webber : Bud Sports and Bud Variation in Breeding. R. H. True : The Manufacture of Tea in America. W. C. Kendall : The Fishes of the Rangely Lakes. April 18, 1903 37ist Meeting. The President in the chair and 25 persons present. The following communications were presented : W. J. Spillman : Agrostological Problems in the United States. B. H. Dutcher: The Mammals of Mount Katahdin, Maine.* V. K. Chesnut : Notes on the Dissemination of Sedum douglassi by Proliferous Shoots. May 2, 1903 372nd Meeting. Vice-President Hay in the chair and 25 persons present. The following communications were presented : F. V. Coville: Wocas: An Aboriginal Cereal (Nymphaea polysepala}.-\ J. W. T. Duvel : Vitality of Seeds. J G. H. Shull : Geographic Distribution of the Sugary Quillwort (Isoetes saccharata). \ May 16, 1903 373rd Meeting. The President in the chair and 30 persons present. F. V. Coville exhibited a monstrous specimen of the grape-hyacinth. Frank Baker announced that the collection at the National Zoological Park had recently been increased by three specimens of the echidna and by the birth of a tapir. The following communications were presented : C. W. Stiles: The New American Hook-worm and its Medical Im portance. || F. V. Coville : Location of the Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carne gie Institution.^ October 17, 1903 374th Meeting. The President in the chair and 1.7 persons present. L. 0. Howard spoke of the length of silk in single cocoons of the silk worm, stating that in 15 cocoons actually measured the length varied from 880 to 1,102 yards. * Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, pp. 63-72, May 29, 1903. t Ann. Kept. U. S. Nat. Museum for 1902, pp. 725-739, March, 1904. t To be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. g Botanical Gazette, XXXVI, pp. 187-202, Sept., 1903. || Bull. No. 10, Hyg. Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Marine Hosp. Serv., pp. 1-121, fig. 1-86, 1903. \ Carnegie Inst., Wash., Pub. No. 6, 1903. x The Biological Society of Washington. The following communications were presented : T. S. Palmer : Indexing Scientific Names, with Special Reference to the Genera of Mammals.* 0. F. Cook : Central American Mutations of Coffee. W. P. Hay : Terrapin Culture in the United States. October 31, 1903 375th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. Walter Evans exhibited a copy of a circular of directions for the destruc tion of mosquitoes to be distributed in the Hawaiian Islands and printed in all the languages commonly used there. L. 0. Howard stated that the larvae of Anlhrenw varians of the family Dermestidae, had been observed to prey upon the eggs of the tussock moth. The following communications were presented : K. P. Currie : A Recent Entomological Expedition to British Columbia. M. A. Carleton : Geographic Distribution of the Oat Plant. Ch. Wardell Stiles : The Dwarf Tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana), a Newly Recognized and Rather Common Parasite of Man in the United States.f. November 14, 1903 376th Meeting. The President in the chair and 41 persons present. Lester F. Ward spoke of the description, in 1840, by C. G. Ehrenberg, of 14 hypothetical species of Diatomaceae, 10 of which were after ward actually discovered and recognized. W. H. Dall discussed the existence of a dorsal keel toward the tail in porpoises. G. K. Gilbert exhibited photographs showing a remarkable development of heliotropism in the trunks of Pinus balfouriana in California. The following communications were presented : Lester F. Ward : The Dresden Cycad (Oycadeoidea reichenbachiana). F. A. Lucas : The Making of a Whale. November 28, 1903 377th Meeting. The President in the chair and 37 persons present. The following communications were presented : H. F. Moore: The Artificial Fattening of Oysters. F. H. Hillman : The Comparative Effects of the Seed Midge and of Brucophagus funebris on the Structure of Clover Fowers and Fruits. Charles Hallock : Sea Trout Where No Rivers Are. 0. F. Cook : The Vegetative Vigor of Hybrids and Mutations. * Index Generum Mammalium, N. Am. Fauna, No. 23, pp. 1-984, Feb., 1904. t N. Y. Med. Journ. and Phila. Med. Journ. (consolidated) (1301), Vol. 78 (19), pp. 877-881, figs. 1-5, Nov. 7, 1903. Proceedings. xi December 12, 1903 378th Meeting. The President in the chair and 31 persons present. L. A. Fuertes exhibited a painting showing the life colors of the soft parts of the California condor and another showing a hybrid between two genera of quail, Lophortyx and Oreortyx. H. E. Van Deman exhibited specimens of the " Grimes Golden " apple. The following communications were presented : W. H. Ashmead : Remarks on Japanese Hymenoptera. V. K. Chesnut and Harry T. Marshall : Some Observations on " Locoed " Sheep. Charles Hallock : The Bison as a Factor in the Distribution of Aboriginal Population in Mid-Continental America. VOL. xvi, PP. 1-2 FEBRUARY 21, 1903 PROCEEDINGS or THS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SAUROPOD DINOSAUR FROM THE JURASSIC OF COLORADO. BY J. B. HATCHER. The remains upon which this paper is based were discovered and collected by Mr. W. H. Utterback in the lower Jurassic, in the quarry long worked by the late Professor Marsh, and situated some eight miles north of Canyon City, Colorado. Haplocanthus priscus, gen. et sp. nov. The type (No. 572, Carnegie Museum Collection) of this genus and species consists of the two posterior cervicals, ten dorsals, five sacrals with the ilia, ischia and pubes and the nineteen anterior caudals, two chevrons, a nearly complete series of ribs, and a femur, all in an excel lent state of preservation. The present genus and species can be distinguished from the known genera and species of the Dinosauria by the following characters: Neural spines of posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals absolutely simple instead of deeply bifurcated as in all other known genera of the Sauropoda. Sacrum composed of five vertebrae firmly coossified by their centra and func tioning as sacrals. Sacral ribs and diapophyses greatly expanded trans versely so as to appear proportionally low and broad. Neural spines of sacrals very short, only moderately expanded transversely, the three anterior coossified forming a long bony plate. Pubes massive and united by an extended cartilaginous pubic sj r mphysis which is interrupted 1 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (1) 2 Hatcher New Dinosaur from Colorado. medially by an elongated foramen. Pubic foramen large and situated some distance from the supero-internal border of the bone. Neural arches in dorsal vertebrae extremely high as compared with depth of centra or height of neural spines. Cervicals strongly opisthocrelus, and dorsals only moderately so and becoming almost platycoslus in the pos terior dorsal region. Transverse processes of dorsal vertebrae extending obliquely upward and outward from summits of neural arches. Caudal centra short and somewhat amphicrelous with neural spines simple, low, and much compressed. Transverse processes of caudals each consisting of a simple, slender process which in the anterior caudal springs from the side of the neural arch. Posteriorly the transverse processes rapidly decrease in size and assume a more inferior position, so that in the twelfth caudal they are reduced to a rounded knob of bone on the side of the centrum, and in the succeeding caudals they have disappeared altogether. The centra of the anterior caudals are subcircular in outline, but in the posterior caudals the vertical diameter much exceeds the transverse. The femur is rather longer than one might expect, considering the size and proportions of the individual vertebrae, but does not differ materially from that bone in other genera of the Sauropoda. Haplocanthus may be regarded as the most generalized member of the Sauropoda yet discovered in America. That it is a member of the Sauropoda is clearly shown by the structure of the pelvis and by the characters exhibited by the cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae. The comparatively simple structure of the individual vertebrae from the various regions of the spinal column form a striking contrast to that complicated system of laminae and buttresses found in the vertebrae of Diplodocus, Brontosaurus, Morosaurus, and other Saur&pods, and indicates that Haplocanthus was a more primitive form than any of the latter genera. Its affinities are clearly with the Morosauridce and in size it is comparable with the smaller forms of Moromurus. Its principal skeletal features will be fully described and illustrated in a forthcoming Memoir of the Carnegie Museum. VOL. XVI, PP. 3-4 FEBRUARY 21, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF GECKO FROM COCOS ISLAND. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Professor P. Biolley, naturalist of the Museo Nacional, San Jose*, Costa Rica, visited Cocos Island, off the western coast of Costa Rica, in 1902, and has sent me specimens of two species of lizards for identification. One is the Anolis townsendi de scribed by me recently (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXVI, No. 6, p. 163, Nov., 1900) from the same island. The other is a new gecko of the genus Spkcerodactyltt* which has its center of distribution in the West Indies but of which several species are also known from Central America and northern South America. Sphanrodactylus pacificus, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Dorsal scales very small, juxtaposed, keeled; ear-opening same size as digital disc; large supranasals separated by two scales, a third median scale anterior to them in the posterior cleft of rostral; scales on top of head keeled. Tijpe.V. 8. National Museum, No. 31057; Cocos Island; Prof. Biolley, collector. Habitat. Cocos Island, Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Costa Rica. Description of type specimen. Adult; U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 31057. 2 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. ., Zoologie, II, p. 157. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. 1902. Tragulus pelandoc Stone and Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila delphia, pp. 131, 132, June 4, 1902. Not Moschus pelandoc H. Smith, 1827. Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No'. 120,574 United States Na tional Museum. Collected near Buitenzorg, Java, in October or Novem ber, 1902. Received from B. S. Rairden, U. S. Consul at Batavia.f Characters. A member of the kanchil group distinguished from all * Measurements in parenthesis are those of the type of Tragulus pretiosus. t Under date of November 17, 1902, Mr. Rairden writes: " I have had considerable difficulty in obtaining these animals, and am indebted to Dr. van Romburgh of the Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg for assistance." 36 Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. others now known by the great width and distinctness of the tawny superciliary stripes, and by the grizzled gray neck strikingly contrasted with tawny body and head; no dark nape stripe; throat markings normal. Color. Type:. Back raw-sienna, fading laterally through buff to the cream-buff of sides, the hairs everywhere ecru-drab at base and blackish at tip. The black tips produce a faint dark median area along back, but at sides the buff and cream-buff predominate. The grizzle pro duced by the dark and light colors is everywhere very fine and incon spicuous. Entire neck coarsely grizzled gray, the individual hairs black, each with a buffy white band 2-4 mm. in width at tip or just be low. The gray area begins immediately behind cheeks and ears and continues to front of shoulder. At each end it passes abruptly into color of neighboring region. Anteriorly it shows a tendency to darken in the median line, but not enough to produce a dark nape band. Crown blackish, the hairs with dull inconspicuous tawny annulations. Cheeks and superciliary stripe dull orange-buff, a little speckled by dark hair tips, the superciliary stripe nearly as wide as the median dark area. Throat markings normal, the transverse bands united in front, and nearly con- color with neck, though slightly buff tinged. Collar like sides of body, but more strongly grizzled. Underparts and inner surface of legs pure white. Outer surface of legs raw-sienna, much brighter and more tinged with red on thighs. Tail raw-sienna above, pure white below and at tip. A second specimen from the type locality (immature male, No. 120,573) is in all respects similar except that the light annulations on neck are almost pure white, and the median line of chest and belly is washed with orange buff from just behind axillae to level of thighs. Skull and teeth. The skull closely resembles that of Tragulus kanchil except that the rostrum is shorter and the audital bullae (in the two skulls examined) are narrower. Teeth as in Tragulus kanchil. Measurements. External measurements of type (from well made skin): total length, 410; head and body, 360; tail vertebrae, 50; hind foot, 105 (05); ear from meatus, 33; ear from crown, 26. Measurements of an immature male from the type locality (from well made skin): to tal length, 410; head and body, 365; tail vertebrae, 45; hind foot, 110 (100); ear from meatus, 30; ear from crown, 25. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 88 (90);* basal length, 81 (82); basilar length, 77(76); occipito-nasal length, 82(82); length of nasals, 21 (21.6); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 12 (12); dias- tema, 10 (8.8); aygomatic breadth, 41 (39); least interorbital breadth, 26 (26); mandible, 65(69); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 32.4 (30.2); maxil lary premolars (crowns), 16.2 (16.8*); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 36 (35); mandibular premolars (crowns), 16 (17f). Specimens examined. Two, both from the type locality. * Measurements in parenthesis are those of the immature male already referred to. fMilk teeth. Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 37 Remarks. The gray neck and broad, yellowish superciliary stripe im mediately distinguish Trag-ulm foeattnus from all other known members of the genus. Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone of the Academy of Nat ural Sciences of Philadelphia, I have before me the Javan specimen recorded by Stone and Rehn as Tragulus pelandoc. It is an adult male (permanent dentition in place, but unworn) with colors somewhat faded from long exposure to light. In color pattern it exactly agrees with the male of Tragulus focalinus, except that the transverse throat stripes do not meet in front, a character which is doubtless individual. In size, how ever, it so much exceeds either of the specimens of T. focalinus (hind foot, 116; greatest length of skull, 95) as to suggest that it represents a distinct form. The specific name pelandoc has been twice applied to a gray-necked Trayulus, by Blyth in 1858, and by Stone and Rehn in 1902. It was originally based, however, on the "Pelandok" of Raffles (Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, p. 263, 1822) an animal which cannot be positively identified, but which is, so far as Raffles' account* and our present knowledge are concerned, not different from the Tragulas kanchil of Sumatra, Tragulus virgicollis, sp. nov. Type. Adult male (skin and skull) No. 83,941, United States National Museum. Collected at altitude of 3000 feet on Mt. Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo, in June, 1895, by Ernest Hose and Charles Hose. Characters. Largest known member of the kanchil group (hind foot about 130), General color lighter and more yellow than in Tragulus kanchil; nape stripe clear black, narrow, and very sharply defined. Color. Type: General color above buff-yellow, heavily clouded with black on back, slightly on sides, where the ground color becomes paler. Cheeks and neck clear orange-buff, the former somewhat bleached and grizzled. Nape stripe clear black, sharply defined, only about 12 mm. in width. Crown brownish, faintly grizzled with yellowish. Supercili ary stripe narrow and obsolete, though faintly visible in certain lights. Throat pattern normal, the oblique stripes united in front. Both collar and oblique stripes are essentially concolor with sides of neck, though the latter are rather heavily clouded with dark brown. Underparts and inner surface of legs white. Median line with a dull buff-yellow stripe, narrow and tinged with brownish anteriorly, about 35 mm. wide at mid dle of belly. Tail dull yellowish brown above, pure white below and at tip. tikutt and teeth. The skull is similar to that of Tragulus kanchil ex- * "The Pelandok is the least of the three [the others are the napu and the kanchil] in point of height, but has proportionably a larger and heavier body: it has also a larger eye." The context indicates that this statement rests on the authority of native accounts of the species. 38 Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. cept that it is larger and the rostral portion is more elongate. Teeth essentially as in the Sumatran animal, Chough the premolars appear to be less robust. Measurements. External measurements of type (from well made skin): total length, 560; head and body, 470; tail vertebrae, 90; hind foot, 31.4 (19); ear from meatus, 35.6; ear from crown, 29. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 98 (92)*; basal length, 90 (86); basilar length, 86 (79); occipito-nasal length, 92 (88); length of nasals, 30.6 (30); greatest breadth of both nasals together, 13.8(13.4); diastema, 11 (7); zygomatic breadth, 42 (40); least interorbital breadth, 27 (26); mandible, 75 (70.6); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 32 (31); max illary premolars (crowns), 15.4 (16); mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 36.4 (36); mandibular premolars (crowns), 16 (16.4). Specimens examined. Three, the type from Mount Dulit, an adult male from Kinabatigan River and a female from the neighborhood of Sandakan. Remarks. The two specimens from British North Borneo have been so injured by the action of a preservative fluid that their color cannot be compared with that of the type. The color pattern is r however, the same. In general color the Bornean kanchil is not unlike Tragulus ravus of the Malay Peninsula, but the back is more heavily clouded relatively to the sides, and the nape stripe is of a very different charac ter. In Tragulus kanchil the black clouding on both back and sides is noticeably in excess of the light element in the color, while in the Bornean animal this is true of the back only and even here to a distinctly less degree than in the Sumatran form. Tragulus natunre, sp. nov, 1894. Tragulus javanicus Thomas and Hartert, Novitates Zoologicse, I, p. 660. September, 1894. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. 1895. Tragulus javanicus Thomas and Hartert, Novitates Zoologies^ II, p. 492. December, 1895. Part, included T. paUidus. 1901. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., Ill, p. 115, March 26, 1901. Type. Adult female (s-kin and skull), No. 104,614 United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Bunguran Island, North Natunas, July 9, 1900, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 555. Characters. In general similar to Tragulus kanchil T but smaller (hind foot of females 112-118 mm.) and more yellow. Color. The color pattern in all its details exactly resembles that of Tragulus. kancJiil but the ground color of upperparts is bright tawny- ochraceous instead of yellowish buff, and the black clouding is not in excess of the ground color. Nape band, broad and conspicuous, slightly * Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male Tragulu kanchil from Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra (No. 114,426). Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 39 speckled by the yellowish annulations of some of the hairs, its lateral boundaries not very sharply defined. Crown dull brown, distinctly not as dark as in T. kanchil, and with most of the hairs noticeably annulated. Throat markings normal, the transverse dark bands united anteriorly. Both transverse bands and collar are ochraceous, but the former are distinctly clouded with a darker brown, much less so, however, than in Tragulus kanchil. Underparts with the usual yellowish markings; these not as dark as in T. kanchil and showing more of a tendency to spread laterally. Skutt and teeth. The skull closely resembles that of Tragulus mrgi- collis, having a more elongate rostrum than in T. kanchil. This is par ticularly noticeable when the skulls are viewed from the side. The teeth do not, apparently, differ from those of the related species, but in the single male skull the premolars, both above and below, are remarkably heavy, and the first maxilliary tooth is strongly imbricated over the second. Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 523; head and body, 460; tail vertebrae, 63; hind foot, 118 (106); ear from meatus, 31 ; ear from crown, 26. Average of five adult females from the type locality: total length, 524 (520-532); head and body, 468 (460-482); tail vertebrae, 58 (50-70); hind foot, 116 (112-118); hind foot without hoofs, 103 (100-106). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 92; zygomatic breadth, 43; diastema, 12. Weight. Type 1.8 kg. Average of five females from Bunguran Island, 2 (1.8-2.3). Specimens examined. Five skins and one extra skull, all from the type locality. Eemarks. Although Tragulus natunce approaches the Bornean T. vir- gicollis in its elongated rostrum and yellow color it is readily distin guishable by its small hind foot and broad, not sharply defined nape stripe. The bright color alone is enough to separate it from Tragulus kanchil. With Tragulus pallidus of Pulo Laut, North Natunas it needs no comparison. Tragulus subrufus, sp. nov. 1902. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 143. June 11, 1902. Not Cervusjavanicus Osbeck. Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 113,119 United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Sinkep Island, South China Sea, Septem ber 5, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1285. Characters. Similar to Tragulus kanchil but color above slightly more yellow; and underparts much more extensively washed with fulvous. Color. The color above is slightly more yellow than that of Tragulus kanchil but not as bright as in T. natunae. Ground color orange buff, slightly paler on sides, and everywhere clouded with black, though less than in the Sumatran animal. Neck and outer surface of limbs tawny- 40 Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. ochraceous a little grizzled by blackish hair tips. Upper surface of tail ochraceous-rufous washed with dark brown. Nape band broad arid distinct but not sharply defined at sides, black with a few yellowish specks. Crown dark brown, faintly grizzled. Throat markings normal, slightly darker than in Tragulus kanchil. Underparts strongly \vashed with orange-buff along median line, this wash usually spreading toward sides and often separating white of chest from that of inguinal region. While there is some variation in this character the suffusion is always more extensive than in the Sumatran animal, so that when series are compared the difference is very noticeable. Skull and teeth. The skull and teeth do not differ from those of Tragulus kanchil. Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 540: head and body, 470; tail vertebrae, 70; hind foot, 125 (113); ear from meatus, 32; ear from crown, 28. Measurements of an adult male from the type locality: total length, 528; head and body, 450; tail vertebra 1 , 78; hind foot, 120 (108.5). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 90; zygomatic breadth, 42.6; diastema, 10.8. Weight. Type, 2.27 kg. Adult male from type locality, 1.8 kg. Specimens examined. Nineteen: five from Sinkep Island and fourteen (three in alcohol) from Linga Island. Remarks. In a certain degree this species is intermediate between the dull, dark, Tragulus kancJiil of Sumatra, and the very bright T. natuim. It is readily distinguishable from both of the related species. Tragulus rubeus, sp. nov. Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 115,522 United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Bintang, Rhio Archipelago, August 20, 1902, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1914. Characters. Similar to Tragulus subrufus but with slightly larger skull and teeth and brighter colors. Color. Upperparts deep ochraceous-rufus, fading to tawny-ochrace- ous on sides and brightening to tawny on neck and outer surface of limbs. The back and sides are heavily clouded with black, about as in Tragulus kancliil. Underparts as in T. subrufus except that the fulvous is everywhere brighter and more red, very nearly approaching the och raceous-rufous of Ridgway. Skull and teeth. The skull and teeth resemble those of Tragulus sub rufus except that both average slightly larger. Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 543; head and body, 478; tail vertebrae, 65; hind foot, 125 (113); ear from meatus, 36; ear from crown, 32. Two adult males from the type locality (Nos. 115,519and 115, 521) measure respectively: totallength, 545 and 522; head and body, 465 and 457; tail vertebrae, 75 and 65; hind foot, 120 (108) and 118 (106). Skull of type: greatest length, 99; basal length, 91; zygomatic breadth, 41. Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 41 Weight. Type, 2.4 kg. Adult male (No. 115,519) 1.8 kg. Specimens examined. Five, all from the type locality. Remarks. This species differs from all other known members of the kanchil group in its dark, rich color and broad but inconspicuous nape stripe. Its characters are in every way parallel with those of the napu of the same island. Tragulus ravulus, sp. nov. 1900. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, p. 192. December 21, 1900. Part, specimens from Pulo Adang. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. Type, Adult female (skin and skull), No. 104,717, United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 16, 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 161. Characters. Similar to Tragulus ravus of Trong, Lower Siam, but smaller, the neck paler, and the nape stripe more ill defined. Color. The color so closely resembles that of Tragulus ravus* as to need no detailed description. The back and sides are light ochraceous- buff clouded with black, the two colors almost equally mixed, though the black is a little in excess on back. Throat markings and under- parts as in T. ravus. Neck a lighter shade of ochraceous than in the mainland animal, and nape stripe ill contrasted with surrounding parts. Skull and teeth. The skull is not distinguishable from that of Tragulus ravus, but the teeth, particularly the upper premolars, appear to be more robust. The material at hand, however, is not extensive enough to prove that this character is constant. Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 525; head and body, 450; tail vertebrae, 75; hind foot, 113 (103); ear from meatus, 32; ear from crown, 27. Measurements of an adult male from the type locality: total length, 518; head and body, 455; tail vertebras, 63; hind foot, 112 (102). Skull of type: greatest length, 96; basal length, 89; zygomatic breadth, 41.8; diastema, 11. Weight. Type 1.8 kg. Adult male, 1.6 kg. Specimens examined. Two, both from Pulo Adang. Remarks. Although closely related to Tragulus ravus the kanchil of Pulo Adang appears to be sufficiently distinct to need recognition by name, though relative unfamiliarity with the group led me in 1900 to place it with the mainland form. Tragulus lancavensis, sp. nov. 1900. Tragulus javanicus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, p. 192. December 21, 1900. Part, specimens from Pulo Lankawi. Not Cervus javanicus Osbeck. *See Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 173. August 6, 1902. 42 Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. Type. Adult female (skin and skull), No. 104,412 United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Lankawi, off west coast of Malay Peninsula (about 75 miles north of Penang), December 7, 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 132. Characters. Similar to Tragulus ravus but general color slightly more yellow and underparts extensively washed with orange-buff. Color. The color is very similar to that of Tragulus ravus, but the ochraceous-buff of the upperparts is noticeably brighter and more yellow, particularly that of back and sides. Chest and anterior half of belly strongly washed with dull orange-buff along median line, this suf fusion tending to spread at sides so as to separate white of inguinal re gion from that of front part of chest. While this character is not wholly constant, it is sufficiently prevalent to impart a very different aspect to series of specimens of the two species. Skull and teeth. The skull and teeth do not differ appreciably from those of Tragulus ravus, though they probably average somewhat larger. Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 520; head and body, 455; tail vertebrae, 65; hind foot, 117 (105); ear from meatus, 34; ear from crown, 29. Average of six adult females from the type locality: total length, 521 (505-545); head and body, 456 (435-480); tail vertebra, 65 (65-65); hind foot, 118 (115-119); hind foot without hoofs, 105.5 (102-107). Skull of type: greatest length, 99; basal length, 94; zygomatic breadth, 42; diastema, 12. Specimens examined. Thirteen, all from Pulo Lankawi. Remarks. The more extensive material now at hand brings to light differences between this animal and the mainland from which passed unnoticed when I examined the island series in 1900. The yellowish suffusion on the underparts suggests that of the bright colored species from Sinkep, Linga, and the Rhio Archipelago, but is much less intense. Tragulus lampensis sp. nov. Type. Adult female (skin and skull) No. 104,429, United States Na tional Museum. Collected on Pulo Lampee or Sullivans Island, Mergui Archipelago, February 4, 1900, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 299. Characters. Similar to Tragulus lankavensis, but yellower throughout, particularly on underparts. Color. The color is in general like that of Tragulus ravus and T. lan- cavensis, but is more strongly yellow than in either. The wash on the underparts is of the same extent as in T. lancavensis, but is a bright orange-buff. Skull and teeth. I cannot see that the skull and teeth differ from those of the related species. Miller Eleven New Malayan Mouse Deer. 43 Measurements. External measurements of type: total length, 515; head and body, 460; tail vertebrae, 55; hind foot, 118 (108); ear from meatus, 33; ear from crown, 27. Two other adult females (Nos. 104,430 and 104,431) measure respectively: total length, 500 and 540; head and body, 435 and 470; tail vertebrae, 65 and 70; hind foot, 113 (104) and 118 (108). Skull of type: greatest length, 97; basal length, 91; zygomatic breadth, 42; diastema, 10. Specimens examined. Three, all from Sullivans Island. VOL. XVI, PP. 45-46 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THREE NEW PLANTS FROM NEW MEXICO. BY AVEN NELSON AND T. D. A. COCKERELL. The material on which this paper is based has already been described in a general way in the preceding article. It was collected by Mr. and Mrs. Cockerell and has been studied conjointly by Professor Nelson and Mr. Cockerell. Humulus Lupulus neomexicanus, n. var. Leaves divided or sometimes parted, the segments varying from broadly lanceolate to nearly linear, acuminate, freely sprinkled with resin particles on the lower face; fruiting bracts ovate-lanceolate, usu ally acuminate, finely pubescent. The hop indigenous in New Mexico seems to possess these characters in variance with the usual and more widely distributed form and may probably best stand as a variety. The type of the variety is No. 14, T. D. A. Cockerell, Beulah, N. M. (Canadian Zone) August, 1902. It is also abundant on the Vall6 Ranch, Pecos, N. M., and was collected by Professor Wooton in the White Mountains of that State (No. 294). Polemonium pterospermum, n. sp. Low, 1-2 dm. high, glabrate below, glandular-puberulent above and in the inflorescence; stems several, spreading or decumbent at base, terete but for a few acute longitudinal ridges, very leafy, especially 13 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (45) 46 Nelson and Cockerell New Plants from New Mexico. above; leaves broadly oblong in outline, 4-6 cm. long; the segments oblong, acute, 8-12 mm. long; the lower distinct and subpetiolate, the terminal crowded and slightly confluent; the petiole short or in the uppermost leaves wanting; flowers terminal or from the uppermost axils, in congested corymbs; calyx-lobes about equaling the campanu- latetube; corolla purple, campanulate, 10-12 mm. long, quite as broad, the tube short, its lobes broadly ovate, moderately obtuse; filaments narrowly margined, shorter than the corolla, somewhat incurved, glab rous but involved in dense fine pubescence at the insertion; style fili form; the stigmas narrowly linear, exserted; ovules few, apparently only 2 or 3 maturing; the seeds narrowly wing-margined and subcon- cave ventrally. This species has for its nearest allies P. filicinum Greene and P. Arch- ibaldae A. Nelson, but it is a much smaller plant than either, with larger corolla and very different seeds. Collected at Cloudcroft, Sacramento Mountains (Canadian Zone), N. M., by T. D. A. Cockerell, September, 1900. Type in Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Mertensia caelestina, n. sp. Low and leafy, 5-15 cm. high, perfectly gabrous except for the ciliate- scabrous edges of the leaves and the calyx-lobes; leaves 2-3 cm. long, elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, subacute, the basal short-petioled; flowers congested in terminal clusters; pedicels short, slender; calyx cleft nearly to the base; calyx-lobes linear, subacute, about 5 mm. long; corolla dark-blue about 12 mm. long, tube a little longer than the calyx and the limb, the lobes broadly or truncately obtuse, the pubescence of the ring at the base coarse and conspicuous, appendages of the throat yellow; filaments dilated, as broad as or broader than the anther. Collected by Mrs. Wilmatte P. Cockerell, No. 40, Truchas Peaks, N. M., above timber line (Arctic-Alpine Zone), 1902. Type in Cockerell Herbarium. VOL. XVI, PP. 47-48 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS - OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW WOOD RATS (GENUS NEOTOMA) FROM STATE OF COAHUILA, MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Among the mammals collected by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman in Coahuila, Mexico, in the spring of 1902, are two new species of Neotoma^ which may be characterized as follows. Neotoma navus, sp. nov. Type from Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila, Mexico. No. 116,895, 9 ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 26, 1902. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 15,130. Characters. Size medium; tail rather long; ears medium. Similar to N. mexicana but tail decidedly longer; frontals expanded posteriorly un like the previously known members of the mexicana group; anterior lobe of first upper molar cut in two by deep notch on inner side, as in mexi cana. ^ Color. Ground color of upperparts buffy ochraceous, moderately, evenly, and rather inconspicuously lined with black hairs; sides of face buffy ochraceous, the color reaching forward to nose (not stopping under eye as in mexicana); fore feet from wrists and hind feet from ankles white; head grayish; tail sharply bicolor, narrowly dusky above, broadly white below; underparts white, the plumbeous underfur showing through posteriorly; axillae salmon. Cranial characters. Skull and teeth rather slender, about as in N. mexicana, which appears to be its nearest relative; bullae small; pre- maxillae exceeding nasals. The skull differs from that of mexicana in 14 PROG. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (47) 48 Merriam Two ^New Wood Hats. having the f rentals expanded posteriorly, forming supraorbital shelves; anterior root of zygoma more slender, with smaller antorbital notches; bullge decidedly smaller and less inflated anteriorly. Measurements. Type ( 9 ): Total length, 350; tail vertebrae, 164; hind foot, 34. Adult male from same place: total length, 330; tail vertebrae, 152; hind foot, 36. Skull of type. Basal length, 37; zygomatic breadth, 21.5; palatal length, 21.5; diastema, 12; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.5. Neotoma goldmani, sp nov. Type from Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. No. 116,894, $ yg. ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 18, 1902. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 15,101. Characters. Size small; tail rather short, sharply bicolor; ears rather large; color grayish, becoming buffy ochraceous on flanks. Skull small, similar in general to that of desertorum but much smaller, with strik ingly smaller bullae; anterior lobe of first upper molar single and with out anterior notch. Color. Upperparts buffy grayish, becoming buffy ochraceous on flanks; back well sprinkled with black tipped hairs, most abundant on posterior half; head and face gray, washed with buffy ochraceous on cheeks; underparts and feet white; tail above dark brown (nearly black in fresh pelage); below white or nearly white. Cranial characters. Skull small, light, and smoothly rounded, even in old age; frontalsflat interorbitally, broad anteriorly and not expanded posteriorly (much as in mexicana but relatively broader and flatter); nasals narrowly wedgeshape, truncate behind; premaxillaa reaching far beyond nasals and somewhat expanded posteriorly; interparietal subtri- angular, long transversely, strongly convex anteriorly. Remarks. Neotoma goldmani is a very small species with a peculiar combination of cranial and dental characters. It does not require close comparison with any known species. Measurements. Average of four from type locality: total length, 279; tail vertebrae, 128; hind foot, 30. Skull of an adult male from type locality: basal length, 33; zygomatic breadth, 19; palatal length, 18.2; diastema, 11; interorbital breadthj 5.5; upper molar series, 7. VOL. XVI, PP. 49-52 MARCH 19, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. Three fishes new to the fauna of New Mexico. When in the Pecos Valley last August, I obtained three species of small fishes, which have been very kindly identified by Dr. B. W. Ever- mann, and appear to be new to the fauna of our Territory. Etheostoma kpidum (Baird and Girard). Dimmit Lake, near Roswell. The lake is small but very deep, at the base of the gypsum bluffs which skirt the Rio Pecos. Notropis macrostomus Girard, and Tetragonopterus argentatus Baird and Girard, both from North Spring River, just north of Roswell. T. D. A. Cockerell Note on Phoca nigra Pallas. In a recent paper on ' The Hair Seals (Family PhocidcB) of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea' (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1902, pp. 459-499), I suggested (L c., p. 483, foot note) that as Pallas's name Phoca nigra (1811), based on a young fur seal from the Kurile Islands, has priority over Callorhinus curilensis Jordan and Clark (3899), the Kurile Islands species would have to stand as Cattotaria nigra (Pallas). I over looked the fact, however, that Phoca nigra Pallas is preoccupied by Phoca granlandica var. nigra Kerr (1792). Consequently the Kurile Fur Seal will stand as Callotaria curilensis (Jordan and Clark). J. A. Alien. IB-PROG. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. 50 General N~otes. A new name for Mus atratus Miller. The name Mus atratus which I recently applied to a rat from the Nicobar Islands (Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIV, p. 767, May 28, 1902) is preoccupied by Mus atratus Philippi (Annales del Museo Na- cional de Chile, Entrega 14, p. 57, 1900). It may therefore be replaced by Mus atridorsum. Oerrit 8. Miller, Jr. A new name (Hoplias) for the genus Macrodon of Muller. The name Macrodon was given by Johannes Muller in 1842 for a well- known genus of ErytJirinoid or Characinoid fishes. Although univer sally adopted since that time, it must be abandoned for the genus in question, inasmuch as it had been given as early as 1822 by Schinz, as a substitute for Ancylodon of Cuvier (1817), another preoccupied name (1811). The new designation Hoplias is proposed instead, and Hoplias tareira (Macrodon trahira Muller) or malabaricus is the type. Theo. Gill. The technical name of the Indian Flying Fox. Pteropus medius, the current name for the flying fox of India, is not tenable. It dates from 1827, the year in which Temminck issued the first volume of his ' Monographies de Mammalogie ' (the name is pro posed on page 176), and, although earlier than Hodgson's Pteropus leu- cocephalus and McClelland's Pteropus assamensis, assuming that all three refer to the same animal, is itself antedated by the Vespertilio gigantea of Brunnich. This name was published at Copenhagen in 1782, on page 45 of a little-known book, a small quarto volume containing seventy-six pages and seven plates, entitled: "Dyrens Historic og Dyre-Samlingen udi Universitetets Natur-Theater. Forste Bind."* Although the bat is not among the species figured the description is detailed and accurate. The fact that the account was based on a stuffed specimen from Bengal, while Temminck's animal was collected at Calcutta, removes the last element of doubt as to the equivalence of the names. The common flying fox of India must therefore be known as Pteropus giganteus. Oerrit S. Miller, Jr. * This work, of which only the first volume appears to have been pub lished, was brought to my attention by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger. The new names that it contains are not mentioned by Fischer, Dobson, or Trouessart, but are all cited by Sherborn. General Notes. 51 A note on the Florida Phoebe. Through the kindness of Mr. Outram Bangs of Boston, and Mr. C. J. Maynard of West Newton, and through information received, in Utteris, from Mr. William Palmer of Washington I am able to adjust so far as it is possible, with all the data that there is any prospect of obtaining, the relationships of the Florida Phoebe mentioned in "Notes on Various Florida Birds" (Contr. N. Amer. Ornith., Vol. I., May 21, 1902, p. 30). In February, 1846, John Gundlach observed near Cardenas, Cuba, a pair of Phoebes, probably, though he does not state so, shooting both birds, as in his description he mentions peculiarities of both sexes. In 1850, Juan Lembeye, in his "Aves de la Isla de Cuba" (p. 41), included the species Muscicapa fusca Gmel., describing carefully both plumage and habits, evidently from the notes of Gundlach made in 1846 (see 'Pro- logo,' p. 6), and from a specimen No. 169 in the "Col. of Gundl." Later in 1852, Gundlach, in the Boston Journal of Natural History (Vol. VI, p. 314), described, evidently from the same specimen or specimens, an in sular race, Muscicapa lembeyei, giving as careful description and measure ments as did Lembeye himself. It is evident therefore that Lembeye and Gundlach knew of only one pair of Phoebes to have visited Cuba, and although that island has had little extended ornithological investigation yet, recent collectors have failed to record the species. Mr. Palmer writes me that on his late visit to Cuba he saw a specimen of the Phoebe in the Gundlach museum [prob ably the same No. 169] but that the "Gundlach cases were so made that it was impossible to get at the birds." To recapitulate: It is evident from Lembeye's and Gundlach's de scriptions that the specimen or specimens they had were either strag glers from Florida or that the bird is a rare resident of Cuba, and for the resident southern Florida Phcebe there is no alternative but to use Gund lach's name, provided it is thought the form deserves to be recognized at all. When I first examined Mr. Maynard 's series of specimens from Enter prise, which show the brownish cast of plumage so often characteristic of the peninsular birds, I thought the race one decidedly worth recog nizing, but a further examination of specimens from Miami and else where proves that this coloring is not constant, and careful measure ments also show that the greater size of the Florida bird does not always hold true. It may be well to mention now while the subject is under discussion, that the type of Gundlach's lembeyei is without much doubt No. 169 in the Gundlach museum in Cuba, an example probably taken at Cardenas in February, 184Q. Reginald ffeber Howe, Jr. 52 General Notes. A new subgenus for Nyctaginia Cockerellae. By the characters mentioned, Nyctaginia Cocker cll fulvous; nasals slender and tapering posteriorly. Cranial characters. Similar to littoralis, but skull slightly smaller; nasals much narrower, slender and tapering (instead of expanded) poste riorly, and not constricted in the middle; frontal spines long; rostrum narrower; anterior ascending arm of jugal broader; bullae smaller, more inflated posteriorly, narrower anteriorly; basioccipital narrower; upper carnassial narrower. Measurements. Average of 3 specimens: total length 708; tail 266; hind foot 109. 76 Merriam New Mammals from the United States. Cranial measurements of Island Foxes. | I 1 1 \ 3 3 1 1 a 9 ad. $ 9 $ 9 $ 9 Basilar length. 93.5 96 90 94 91 98 95 Palatal length. 49 53 49 50 48 53 50 Postpalatal length. 44 43.5 40.5 43.5 43.5 45 44.5 Zygomatic breadth. 57 57.5 55 56.5 55.5 60 57.5 Breadth of nasals at apex of premaxillje. 7 5.5 5.5 7.5 7 6.5 7 Upper series of teeth (ca nine to last molar). 43.5 44.5 43 45.5 44 47 44 Putorius streatori leptus subsp. nov. Type from Silverton, Colorado. No. 56,800 $ yg. ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. October 20, 1893. J. Alden Loring. Original No. 1185. Characters. Similar to streatori but smaller; black tip of tail very much shorter (projecting only 15 mm. beyond white hairs): Teeth about same size as in streatori, but skull disproportionally smaller; frontals and rostrum more depressed; bullae smaller and narrower. Winter pelage. White all over except short black tip of tail. White without yellowish tinge. (Two males from Colorado the type from Silverton, and another from Crested Butte collected February 17, 1902 by E. R. Warren). Summer pelage. Upperparts uniform drab brown (or between drab brown and hazel, but lacking the reddish of hazel); end of tail black; underparts white throughout with straight line of demarcation along sides, the white reaching down on underside of legs to wrists and ankles; rest of legs and feet brown like back; toes of forefeet white on upper side; toes of hind feet mixed brown and white. (Young female from Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada, near Henry House, July 21, 1896, J. Alden Loring). Remarks. The animal is nearly as small as rixosus, from which it is easily distinguished by the longer tail and black tip, and slightly larger skull and teeth. Merriam New Mammals from the United States. 77 Measurements. Type specimen ( $ yg. ad.): total length 243; tail vertebrae 64; hind foot 31. Skull: basal length 31.5; basilar length of hensel 30.5; zygomatic breadth 17.5; interorbital breadth 7.5; palatal length 13; postpalatal length 18; toothrow from front of canine to back of last molar 9. Eutamias canicaudus sp. nov. Type from Spokane, State of Washington. No. f-it 9 ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 11, 1891. C. P. Streator. Original No. 639. Characters. Size rather large; ears medium or rather small; tail rather long; general color in spring pelage buffy gray, tail grizzled gray decidedly grayer (less red) than in neighboring species; outer pair of light stripes strikingly white. Color. Spring pelage (=lef t over winter pelage) : upperparts, includ ing middle pair of light stripes vinaceous gray, with enough admixture of white-tipped hairs to produce a hoary effect; median, dorsal and lat eral pair of black stripes (5 in all) pure black, the outer pair slightly washed with fulvous; upperside of tail grizzled gray, edged with whit ish; underside with a median buffy band bordered with black and edged with whitish. Post-breeding pelage: neck, sides and edges of stripes washed with ochraceous or light fulvous. Remarks. This handsome new species with showy white side stripe is at all seasons easily distinguished from its neighbors, felix and ajfinis by the color of the tail, the general tone of which is gray. Both of the others have strikingly red tails, the underside and edges being intense fulvous or ferruginous. The geographic range of the gray-tail chip munk so far as now known is the ponderosa pine forest of the -Transi tion zone in northern Idaho and the adjoining eastern edge of the State of Washington. Measurements. Type (9 ad.): total length 228; tail vertebrae 98; hind foot 32. Average of 6 adults from type locality: total length 229; tail vertebrae 104; hind foot 34. Citellus grammurus utah subsp. nov. Type from foot of Wasatch Mountains near Ogden, Utah. No. f ff f 9 ad., Merriam Collection. October 10, 1888. Vernon Bailey. Orig inal No. 291. Characters. Similar to grammurus but smaller, ears larger, back much redder; head in late summer pelage much more reddish brown; tail darker; nasal bones anteriorly averaging broader, more inflated and more truncate; also slightly longer and projecting posteriorly behind premaxillre; fronts of incisors paler yellow (in grammurus more orange). VOL. XVI, pp. 79-82 MAY 29, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOUR NEW MAMMALS, INCLUDING A NEW GENUS (TEANOPUS), FROM MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. E. W. Nelson, and his able assistant E. A. Goldman, in their explorations in Mexico for the Biological Survey of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, still continue to discover new spe cies of mammals. Four of these are here described. One is a large ground squirrel quite unlike any hitherto known; another is a wood rat for which I am reluctantly obliged to erect a new genus; still another is a new member of the rare and little known genus Nelsonia^ while the last is a large pocket gopher from Mt. Patamban. Citellus adocetus sp. nov. Type from La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 126,129 9 ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. March 17, 1903. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 16,183. Characters. Unique; not like any known species. Allied to Citellus annulatus but much smaller and without trace of the rings on the tail. Pelage hispid; ears short; tail rather long; color uniform grizzled grayish or butty without markings. Color. Upper parts strongly grizzled grayish and black, changing with season to dull ochraceous brown; top of head usually darker (in 22 PROG. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (79) 80 Merriam Four New Mammals from Mexico. some specimens blackish); stripe from side of nose passing over eye pale buffy, sometimes washed with or bordered above by pale fulvous; short band under eye (rarely reaching to ear) buffy; cheeks grizzled, washed with fulvous; underparts buffy or yellowish buffy, sometimes becoming fulvous on throat and chin; fore legs and feet and hind feet dull pale fulvous, the fulvous, in the brown pelage, extending over thighs; sides of neck washed with fulvous; tail coarsely grizzled black and buffy, bordered on terminal half with subapical black band and edged with buffy fulvous; median line of distal half of underside usually pale fulvous. Cranial characters. Skull about the size of that of Citellus mexicanus but frontal region very much broader, anterior upper premolar decidedly smaller, and front of incisors intense chestnut instead of pale yellowish. Compared with its nearest relative, C. annulatus, the skull is only about three-fourths as large, rostrum fore-shortened, jugal broader, coronoid and angular processes of jaw longer; the bullse are large, the frontal shield broad, the postorbital processes long and strongly decurved. Measurements. Type ( 9 ad.): total length 350; tail vertebrae 156; hind foot 48. Average of 10 specimens from type locality: total length 341.6; tail vertebrae 158.7; hind foot 46.9. Cranial measurements. Topotype ( $ ad.): basal length 41; palatal length 24; postpalatal length 17; zygomatic breadth 26; interorbital breadth 13; length of tooth row on alveolus 8.25; on crowns 7.5. Nelsonia gold man! sp. nov. Type from Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 125,818 $ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. February 25, 1903. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 16,021. Characters. Similar to Nelsonia neotomodon but darker and grayer (much less fulvous), and with hind feet dusky instead of white. Tail well haired toward and at tip, as in neotomodon. Color. Upperparts dark slate gray, lightly washed, especially on sides, with pale ochraceous; underparts white, the plumbeous underfur showing through. Tail dusky. above, becoming gradually paler beneath not sharply bicolor as in N. neotomodon. Young dark slate color, very different from the buffy grayish young of N. neotomodon. Cranial characters. Skull similar to that of N. neotomodon but more angular; flatter between orbits and over front of braincase; anterior base of zygoma with vertical lamella well marked, forming a spine when viewed from above [absent in neotomodon]; nasals narrower; rostrum more constricted at base by better defined antorbital fossa. Measurements. Average of 3 specimens from type locality: total length 248; tail.vertebrse 122; hind foot 29. Merrlam Four New Mammals from Mexico. 81 Genus Teanopus nob. Type, Teanopus phenax gen. et. sp. nov. Characters. Size of a middle-sized wood rat (Neotoma), which it greatly resembles, though externally still more like Hodomys vetulus; ears large and nearly naked; tail long and densely covered with short hairs; soles of fore and hind feet, between pads, completely scutellate everywhere covered with small tubercles. Skull in general like that of Neotoma and Teonoma, but audital bullae enormously inflated verti cally, subwheel-shaped, blunt anteriorly, nearly parallel, almost ex actly as in Xenomys; antorbital slits very large and broadly open; sphe noid vacuities open; braincase without temporal shield. Lower jaw with distinct prominence over root of incisor; angle elongate, its lower border strongly inflected and upturned, forming a long shallow trough as in Teonoma, but less extreme; infracondylar notch deeper than in either Neotoma or Teonoma. Last lower molar with reentrant enamel loop on inner side passing obliquely forward in front of its mate on outer side, thus approaching the condition in Hodomys. Teanopus phenax sp. nov. Type from Camoa, Rio Mayo, Sonora. No. 95,841 9 ad., XL S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. November 4, 1898. E. A. Gold man. Original No. 13,258. Characters. Size and general appearance of Hodomys vetulus; tail rather long and black or dusky all round; upperparts buffy gray; under- parts yellowish white anteriorly, underfur showing through posteriorly; top and sides of nose dusky; cheeks pale grayish; outer side of foreleg to wrist grayish dusky, sharply contrasted with white of underside; hind foot soiled whitish above; ankles and sides of heel dusky on both sides, bordered with white below. Dental characters. Molars (except the last lower, described in the gen eric diagnosis) with enamel folds as in the albigula group of Neotoma. Measurements. Type specimen, 9 ad - : total length 352; tail vertebras 172; hind foot 37.5. Average of 3 from type locality: total length 365; tail vertebrae 183; hind foot 37.7. Platygeomys tylorhinus angustirostris subsp. nov. Type from Patamban, Michoacan, Mexico. No. 125,688 9 ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. February 2, 1903. Nelson and Goldman. Original No. 15,850. 82 Merriam Four New Mammals from Mexico. Characters. Similar in size and general characters to P. tylorhinus but color paler and more fulvous, grizzled on back with black-tipped hairs; slaty plumbeous of underparts much paler and washed on tips with pale fulvous. Skull slightly smaller; rostrum, nasals, and incisors decidedly narrower; nasals narrow and strongly arched anteriorly; the posterior half very narrow and of even breadth (sides parallel for posterior half) ; jugal and pterygoids as in tylorhinus; molars smaller. Under jaw much smaller. Cranial measurements. Skull of type specimen: basal length 53. 5; zygo- matic breadth anteriorly 38; breadth of rostrum anteriorly 10; breadth of nasals anteriorly 6; at middle 3. The flesh measurements have not yet come in from the field. VOL. XVI, pp. 83-83 JUNE 25, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE SHORT-MOUTHED SNAKE (EUTAIN1A BRA CHYSTOMA COPE) IN SOUTHERN MICHIGAN. BY HUBERT LYMAN CLARK. In 1892, Cope described, under the name Eutamia brachy- stoma y a small garter-snake from Franklin County, Pennsyl vania, which had been sent to him in alcohol, the distinguishing feature being the small number of labial plates in both the upper and under jaws. Since the description was published no other specimens have been taken and the validity of the species has been openly questioned. It is therefore a matter of consid erable interest that the species has been found in the vicinity of Olivet, Michigan, on several occasions, during the spring of 1903. The first specimens taken were a male and female col lected April 20, beside a rail fence crossing an open but very wet pasture. The fence ran close beside a pool of water where there was a growth of willow and alder bushes, and it was under the shelter of these bushes that the snakes were found. On April 23, careful search in the same locality revealed a second female and April 29, another female was taken at the same spot. On May 7, still another female was captured beside the same fence but some sixty yards from the bushes. On May 12, a fifth female was taken in a very wet swamp on the margin of a lake, half a mile or more from the above mentioned pasture. 23-PRoa BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (83) 84 Clark The Short- Mouthed Snake. The following table will bring out clearly tlie characters of the species and the individual peculiarities of the Olivet specimens: ^ n 5 & CA r-,42 ~ "3 & 1 g fl I 5 2 Is 8 R O 00 5 s o t>J i-5 ^ 1 J 9 M p S O R L R L R L Cope's type. 1892 2 286 132 72 66 88 33 1 April 20, 1903 $ 472 1351 61 66 88 33 2 April 20 9 556 J33J 58 66 88 22 3 April 23 9 485+ 137 7 66 88 22 4 April 29 9 420 136 52 66 89 2-3 5 May 7 9 411 141 54 77 88 22 6 May 12 9 460 140 58 66 88 3-3 It will be noticed at once that only one of the five females is perfectly normal, all of the others having a reduced number of postocular plates. It is also apparent that the type specimen is not an average representative of the species, since the number of gastrosteges is exceptionally small, while the number of uro- steges is unusually large. In Nos. 1 and 2 there were incom plete gastrosteges, which have been counted as half plates. In No. 3, nearly one-half of the tail was missing, so that the uro- steges could not be determined. The new material makes it possible to state more definitely the specific characters, and to correct one or two of Cope's mis- statements, which were due to his having only one specimen, and that an alcoholic. In general appearance, the short-mouthed snake is somewhat like the common garter snake (Eutania sir- tails) but the head is so much narrower and the tail tapers so much more abruptly that even a very casual glance will suffice to note the difference. In coloration, moreover, there is a very Clark The Short-Mouthed SnaJce. 85 striking difference between the two species, as indicated by Cope, but his description of the color of brachystoma is very mislead ing, owing to the changes produced by the alcohol. In life, brachy stoma is very dark brown above, many of the scales being al most black, as are portions of the skin; in some specimens, when the skin is stretched, these black areas appear as a more or less complete double series of squarish spots on each side of the dor sal region; the mid-dorsal row of scales and the inner half of the scales in the row on each side of it are bright yellow anteriorly, gradually becoming duller posteriorly and losing their distinct ness on the tail; a similar stripe occurs on each side of the body and includes all the scales of the third row, the lower half of most of those in the fourth row and the upper half of many in the second row; these lateral stripes fade away on the tail but are very bright anteriorly, where they expand so that the entire sides of the neck are very yellow; on this yellow area are several prominent black spots; the first row of scales and the outer ends of the gastrosteges are deep brown, the latter with a dusky yellowish tinge; the ventral surface is dull light olivaceous, darkest near vent, sparsely speckled with black (the exact shade varies considerably, No. 6 having the whole lower surface dark, becoming almost black in front of vent); there is a narrow black spot on the anterior margin of the outer end of the gastrosteges; the head is brown, with a greenish tinge anteriorly; labials yel low, chin white and throat yellowish; parietal spots yellow, very evident. Gastrosteges 132141 (average 136+); urosteges 61-72 in v > & swallow. IdtitA-oot, double; x h l $&> v > a swallow; with reference to its resem blance to swallows of two different types. \Aafj.7tp6$ t shining; x fa$< v > a, swallow. Ridgway New American Birds. 107 Stelgidopteryx salvini, new species. Similar to S. serripennis but pileum distinctly darker than back, ter- tials conspicuously margined with white (except in worn plumage), and chin and upper throat pale cinnamon or cinnamon-buff. Southwestern Mexico (State of Jalisco) to Chiriqui. Type, No. 30,716, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Duenas, Guate mala, October 17, 1859; O. Salvin. Vireosylva gilva brewsteri, new subspecies. Similar to V. g. swainsonii but larger (adult male averaging: wing, 73; tail, 52.5; exposed culmen, 11.2; adult female, wing, 71.7; tail, 50.3; exposed culmen, 10.8 mm.). Mountains of Chihuahua, northwestern Mexico. Type, No. 21,811, Coll. William Brewster, adult male, Bravo, Chi huahua, July 24, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar. Vireosylva Joseph costaricensis, new subspecies. Similar to V. j. josephce but pileum paler sooty, wing shorter and tail longer. Highlands of Costa Rica. Type, No. 41,269, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., San Jos6, Costa Rica; J. Car- miol. Vireo huttoni cognatus, new subspecies. Similar to V, h. stephensi but underparts without yellowish tinge, the chest not shaded with olive-buff; rump and upper tail-coverts less strongly olive-green. Cape district of Lower California. Type, No. 15,527, Coll. William Brewster, adult male, Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California, May 5, 1887; M. Abbott Frazar. Vireo huttoni mexicanus, new subspecies. Similar in coloration to V. h. huttoni but size decidedly larger (adult male averaging: wing, 67.3; tail, 51.9; adult female, wing, 65.4; tail, 51.2 mm.). Southern portion of Mexican plateau to highlands of Guatemala. Type, No. 143,442, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male, Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, April 26, 1893; E. W. Nelson. 108 Ridgway New American Birds. Vireo belli! arizonae, new subspecies. Similar to F. b. pusillus but more strongly tinged with olive above, the sides and flanks more strongly tinged with yellowish olive. (Intermedi ate between F. b. pusillus and F. b. medius, and bearing to the former the same relation that F. b. bellii does to the latter.) Extreme western portion of Texas to Arizona, and southward into northwestern Mexico. Type, No. 98,790, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Tucson, Arizona, March 21, 1884; E. W. Nelson. Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipectus, new subspecies. Similar to P. o. ochraceiceps but chest pale buffy olive instead of light ochraceous-brown. Southern Honduras to Chiriqui. Type, No. 47,396, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Angostura, Costa Rica, JulyS, 1867; J. Carmiol. Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps, new subspecies. Similar to F. p. verticalis but entire pileum, together with upper part of hindneck, green. Veragua to Panama Railway. Type, No. 40,148, Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., adult female, Panama: J. McLeannan. Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi, new subspecies. Similar to L. 1. mexicanus but smaller, with larger bill. San Clemente Island, Santa Barbara group, California; Santa Marga rita Island, Lower California. Type, No. 134,781, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, San Clemente Island, California, August 27, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, U. S. A. Aphelocoma unicolor coelestis, new subspecies. Similar to A. u. unicolor but larger and the blue color decidedly lighter (cerulean instead of cobalt). Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas. Type, No. 144,685, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male, San Cristobal, Chiapas, September 24, 1895; Nelson and Goldman. Hidgway New American Birds. 109 Baeolophus inornatus rest rictus, new subspecies. Similar to B. i. inomatm but darker, especially the underparts, the young conspicuously less brownish. Vicinity of San Francisco Bay, California. Type, No. 163,569, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Oakland, Cali fornia, March 24, 1896; Dr. J. Hornung. Bceolophus inornatus murinus, new subspecies. Similar to B. i. inornatus but larger, upperparts much grayer, under parts darker and grayer; similar to B. i. griseus but decidedly darker. Southern California, in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties; northern Lower California. Type, No. 133,812, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Nachoguero Valley, Lower California, June 4, 1894; Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, U. S. A. Psaltriparus minimus saturatus, new subspecies. Similar to P. m. minimus but darker in corresponding plumages; young with color of pileum duller, more grayish sooty. Vicinity of Puget Sound. Type, No. 136,372, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), Mount Vernon, Washington, December 11, 1895; C. P. Streator. Chamaea fasciata rufula, new subspecies. Similar to O. f. pTicea but paler; the back clearer sepia brown, the underparts lighter vinaceous-cinnamon. Central coast district of California, in Marin, San Francisco, and Santa Clara counties. Type, No. 82,620, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Nicasio, Marin County, Cali fornia, December 8, 1876; C. A. Allen. Polioptila nelsoni, new species. Similar to P. ccerulea mexicana but adult male with forehead and crown (within the U-shaped black mark) blackish slate, distinctly glossed 110 Ridgway New American Sir ds. with greenish blue; adult female similar to that of P. c. ccesiogaster but upperparts duller slate-gray and underparts white medially. Southeastern Mexico (States of Oaxaca and Chiapas). Type, No. 142,695, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, June 21, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. Polioptila bairdi, new species. Similar to P. albiloris but smaller, and with lores not entirely white, but crossed with a black line (in adult male) from rictus to anterior angle of eye. ; Western Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Type, No. 89,693, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, January 6, 1883; C. C. Nutting. Polioptila superciliaris magna, new subspecies. Similar to P. s. superciliaris but decidedly larger (except length* of tarsus), the wing much longer; coloration darker, the pilcum, in adult female (adult male not seen!) nearly slate-black, the underparts pale gray (between french gray and cinereous), only the abdomen, hinder flanks, anal region and under tail-coverts being white. Adult female. Wing, 47.5; tail, 43; exposed culmen, 12.5 mm. Highlands of central Costa Rica. Type, No.. 189,563, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult female, Cartago, Costa Rica, April, 1886; J, J. Cooper. Telmatodytes palustris iliacus, new subspecies. Similar to T. p. palustris but paler and much more refescent, the flanks and anal region conspicuously tawny bun* or buffy cinnamon. Mississippi Valley and Great Plains region, north to Alberta, east to Indiana, south in migration over greater part of Mexico (except north western portion) and along Gulf coast to western Florida, occasionally to middle and southern Atlantic coast. Type, No. 90,199, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Wh,eatland, Knox County, Indiana, April 30, 1883; R. Ridgway. This form equals T. p. dissceptus Bangs in part; but the type of the latter, now before me, is from Wayland, Massachusetts, and, together with a large series from the same portion of the country, seems to me inseparable from T. p. palustris. Hidgway N"ew American Birds. Ill Heleodytes nelsoni, new species. = Campy 'lor 'hynchus megalopterus and C. pattescens of authors, not of Lafresnaye. Similar to H. megalopterus (Lafresnaye)* but smaller, paler, and more brownish; bands on back dull brownish white or pale brownish buff; spots on underparts grayish brown instead of blackish. Southeastern portion of Mexican plateau. Type, No. 13,659, Coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Jalapa, Vera Cruz, J. Montes de'Oca. *=H. alticola Nelson, which Mr. Nelson was misled into naming as new through an error of mine in identifying Lafresnaye's type. VOL. XVI, PP. 113-116 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE NORTH AMERICAN FORMS OF ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA (SAY). BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. Six geographical races of Astragalinus psaltrla (Say) were recognized by Mr. Ridgway in his recent treatment of the genus*, as follows: Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say). Lower California and southwest ern United States from Texas and Colorado to California. Astragalinus psaltria arizonce (Coues). Northwestern Mexico and southwestern border of the United States from Texas to California, north to Colorado. Astragalinus pmltriq mexicanus (Swainson). Mexico, except extreme southern and northwestern portions; north to Texas, New Mexico and Colorado. Astragalinus psaltria croceus (Jouy). Southern Mexico to Panama, casually to Colombia and Ecuador. Astragalinus psaltria jouyi (Ridgway). Yucatan. Astragalinus psaltria columbianus (Lafresnaye). Costa Rica to Vene zuela and Peru. *Birds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, pp. 114-121. 29-PBOC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (113) 114 Oberholser Forms of Astragalinus Psaltria (Say). With the last three we have no present concern, but the others will bear further elucidation. In the first place, the status of Astragalinus p. arizonce, as currently accepted, has been very properly challenged by Mr. Brewster* and Mr. Grin- nellf , as well as by Mr. RidgwayJ. Furthermore, the occur rence of all three forms psaltria, arizonce and mexicanus in Colorado during the breeding season is alone sufficient to arouse suspicion. The type locality of psaltria is the Arkansas River, near 105 west longitude (between Pueblo and Canon City), Colorado^; and a series of summer males from Colorado Springs, Colorado, which for purposes of comparison may be considered practical topotypes, exhibits all gradations from the green-backed to the black-backed forms, representing thus psaltria, arizonce, and mexicanus all breeding at the same place! These differences are, however, in this case, quite certainly the result of age; and this conclusion is fortified by the occurrence of similar varia tions well within the range of the so-called black-backed form mexicanus, \\ in Texas, New Mexico, and even Mexico. Males breed in the green-backed plumage which probably is the condi tion of the first year; and one or two, possibly three, more seasons are required to complete the fully adult black dress. Say's psaltria was based on one of these immature green-backed specimens which are indistinguishable from individuals of the constantly green-backed form found in California; but notwith standing this, the name must be used for the black-backed Colorado bird. Fully adult individuals from this latter state, that is, those with the black upper surface, seem, however, not to be proportionately so common, at least in collections, as the similar plumage of the Mexican bird, and moreover, have usu ally some slight mixture of olive green on the upper parts, though by far the greater number of Mexican birds have a simi lar trace of olive; but both these apparent differences may be due either to fortuitous selection in collecting specimens as, for in stance, appears to be the case with adult males of Sporophila *Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, 1902, p. 136. fCondor, 1902, pp. 115-116. JBirds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, p. 116. Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., II, 1823, p. 40. ISwainson, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, 1827, p. 435 (Real del Monte, Hi dalgo, Mexico). Oberholser Forms of Astragalimis Psaltria (Say). 115 morelleti from the Lower Rio Grande or to a tendency toward intergradation with the green-backed form found farther to the westward. Moreover, there seem to be no other characters to separate the birds of Colorado (psaltria) from those of Mexico (mexicanus). From these facts it therefore is apparent that Astragalinusp. mexicanus is the same as Astragalinus p. psaltria. The name arizonce* was based on New Mexico birds in the parti-colored immature plumage, and is undoubtedly a synonym of psaltria. The type (No. 37,091, U. S. Nat. Mus.) came from near Fort Wingate, New Mexico; and another specimen taken at the same" time (June 28) is almost pure black above. In treating this form, Mr. Ridgway curiously enough overlooked the type and the two other specimens taken simultaneously by Dr. Cones, stating that none of these were in the collection of the United States National Museumf . New Mexico, with the exception of its extreme southwestern corner, seems to be in habited solely by the black-backed bird psaltria. All adult males from Lower California, California, Nevada, Arizona, together with those we have seen from Utah have the back olive green, apparently never assuming the black plumage of true psaltria; and rarely have even a mixture of black in the back or auriculars, such individuals indicating probably, as Mr. Brewster suggests, merely an aberrant tendency of this green- backed form. True intermediates doubtless do occur, however, in northwestern Mexico. From what has been said in the foregoing paragraphs it may be premised that there are but two forms of Astragalinus psaltria in North America north of southern Mexico, and that one of these is unnamed. They may be distinguished as follows: Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say). Fringilla psaltria Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., II, 1823, p. 40. Carduelis mexicana Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, p. 435. Fringilla melanoxantha Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, p. 2. Fringilla texensu Giraud, Sixteen Species North Amer. Birds, 1841, pl. 5, fig. 1. *Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, pp. 82, 83. t Birds of North and Middle Amer., I, 1901, p. 116, footnote. 116 Oberholser Forms of Astragalinus Psaltria (Say). Chrysomitris (Pseudomitris) mexicanus var. arizonce Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, pp. 82, 83. Subspecific characters. Upper parts, including wings and tail, black, the wings with broad white edgings, the tail with most of its feathers extensively white basally; entire under surface yellow. Geographic distribution. Mexico, excepting the northwestern and ex treme southern portions; Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus, subsp. nov. Astragalinus psaltria Auct., nee Say. Subspecijic characters. Similar to Astragalinus psaltria psaltria, but ear-coverts, sides of neck, with back, nape, and rump, in fully adult plumage, olive green instead of black. Geographic distribution. Southwestern United States and northwest ern Mexico, from California and Lower California to Utah, Arizona, and extreme southwestern New Mexico. Description. Type, adult male, No. 139,158, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey Collection); San Bernardino, California, December 28, 1890; Dr. A. K. Fisher. Pileum, and upper tail-coverts black, the latter with olive green edgings; remainder of upper parts olive green with narrow dusky or blackish shaft, streaks; tail black, the inner webs of the three outer pairs of rectrices largely white, and all the feathers narrowly margined externally with pale grayish; wings black, with a large white speculum at the base of the primaries, the tertials broadly bordered with white, the other quills narrowly edged with grayish and olivaceous; lesser and median wing-coverts edged with olive green; greater coverts broadly margined with greenish white; sides of head and neck olive green; entire under surface deep primrose yellow, paler on the crissum, whitish on the abdomen, and shaded with olivaceous on sides and flanks; lining of wing mixed gray, white, and black. Length of wing, 65.5; tail, 43; exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 15; middle toe, 10 mm. VOL. XVI, PP. 117-118 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OP THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF HABENARIA FROM CUBA. BY OAKES AMES. This species is closely allied to Habenaria odontopetala, Rchb. f. (Fig, 2.) of peninsular Florida, Mexico, Central Amer ica and Cuba. It grows in rich hillside woodlands, usually where there is considerable shade, flowering during the winter months. On November 9, 1902, I discovered a single specimen in bloom in the Province of Pinar del Rio, near Cayajabos, a town which was destroyed in the Cuban war; and on a second expedition to the same locality made in January, 1903, with Robert G. Leavitt, I found numerous plants, both in flower and in fruit. Habenaria odontopetala was common here though its season of bloom was practically at a close. However, many flowers were still in good condition, and made possible a care ful comparative study of both species in the field. Habenaria Sanbornii, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Plants 2-8 dm. tall; roots fleshy, tubers short, elliptical or nearly so; leaves six to eight, quite rigid, dull gray-green, never glossy above, 5-20 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, lower ones often obtuse, upper ones acute; cauline bracts lanceolate to lance-ovate, acuminate, acute; floral bracts similar, lower ones longer than the 30 PEOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH, VOL, XVI, 1903. (117) 118 Ames A New Species of Hdbenaria from Cuba. FIG. 1. Habenaria Sanbornii Ames (axlft, & and ex 3). ovaries; racemes 6-30 cm. long, loosely or densely flowered, flowers few or many (twelve to sixty), pedicels short, nearly erect; lateral sepals greenish, strongly deflexed, falcate, spreading, elliptic-oblong, mostly 3-nerved, 7 mm. long; upper sepal similar in color, nearly orbicular, 3-nerved, 4 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long, greenish-yellow, oblong, some what quadrangular, the angles ob tuse, rounded, at the summit of each petal the main nerve termin ates in an abrupt denticle, anterior basal angle slightly protuberant; lip 5 mm. long, yellowish, oblong- linear, pointed, quite straight, de- flexed, margin rather revolute, base on either side obscurely obtuse angled, otherwise the lip is entire and regular; spur 10-12 mm. long, slender, straight; stigmatic glands somewhat globular; ovary 11-12 mm. long, cylindrical, tapering to both ends. Cuba: In vicinity of Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio. Type in Author's Herbarium, No. 519. January 29, 1903 (Leavitt and Ames). Habenaria San bornii, does not ap- pear in Wright's collections of Cub an plants so far as I have been able to ascertain, and up to this time I have not succeeded in identifying my ma terial with any spe cies of Habenaria hitherto described. Typical specimens have been placed in the Gray Her barium of Harvard University. The name of Ed- w i n L . Sanborn, Jr., through whose FIG. 2. Habenaria odontopetala Rchb. (a x 1}4, & and c x 3). kindness and hos pitality I was enabled to make a considerable collection and study of Cuban orchids, is associated with this species. VOL. XVI, PP. 119-120 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW NATALINE BAT FROM THE BAHAMAS. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] While accompanying the Bahama Expedition of the Geo graphical Society of Baltimore, Mr. J. H. Riley obtained four specimens of a nataline bat easily distinguishable from the species hitherto known. They were taken in a cave near Sandy Point, at the southwest corner of Watlings Island. The animal may be known as: Chilonatalus tumidifrons, sp. nov. Type. Adult male (in alcohol) No. 122,024 United States National Museum. Collected on Watlings Island, Bahamas, July 12, 1903, by J. H. Riley. Original number 157. Characters. Not as small as Chilonatalus micropus and C. brevimanus, but forearm of about the same length as in the related species. Frontal gland extending from middle of forehead nearly to end of muzzle, and rising 5 mm. above level of eye. Skull and teeth essentially as in Chilo natalus micropus, but much less diminutive in size. External form. Except for the slight difference in size, the external ap pearance of Chilonatalus tumidifrons is closely similar to that of C. mi cropus. The forearm, however, is relatively shorter, and the ears are more evenly rounded off above. Lips and muzzle as in the related spe- 31 PROC. BIOL. Soo. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (119) 120 Miller A New Nataline Bat from the Bahamas. cies, except that projection above nostrils is narrower. Penis less than half as long as foot, and readily concealed by surrounding fur. Mem branes in no way peculiar. Frontal gland at least four times as large as in CJiilonatalus micropus, much longer and'higher than wide. It extends from a point on forehead nearly level with middle of proencephalon to within 3 mm. of nostril, a distance of about 8 mm. Its greatest width is 3.8 mm.; and its height, measured from corner of eye is a little over 5 mm. Its surface is finely rugose, and naked except for a sprinkling of minute hairs. /. Color. The fur is everywhere cream-buff, that of the belly clear and unmixed with brown, that of the back clouded with broccoli-brown. Ears light yellowish brown, darkening at edges. Membranes dark brown. Skull and teeth. Except for their greater size the skull and teeth do not differ appreciably from those of Chilonatalus micropus. Measurements. Type: total length, 87; head and body, 40; tail, 47; tibia, 18; foot, 7; forearm, 32; first digit, 5; second digit, 34; third digit, 65; fourth digit, 48; fifth digit, 49; ear from meatus, 14; ear from crown, 11; width of ear, 16; skull, greatest length, 15.8; basal length, 14; bas- ilar length, 13; zygomatic breadth, 7.4; greatest breadth of braincase, 6.6; mandible, 11.4; maxillary toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 6.8; mandibular toothrow exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 7. Specimens examined. Four (two skins), all from the type locality. VOL. XVI, PP. 121-122 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PIGMY SQUIRREL FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. BY E. W. NELSON. Although several squirrels belonging to the subgenus Micro- sciurus have been described they have all been based upon a very limited number of specimens. The rarity of these animals in recent collections from the region in which they occur makes it appear that they are either rare or extremely shy. Collectors visiting Central or northern South America should make special effort to obtain small squirrels, since the few speci mens of Microsciurus already in existence show an unexpectedly large number of species with apparently rather restricted ranges. I am indebted to the generosity of Mr. Oldfield Thomas, Curator of Mammals of the British Museum, for the opportunity to describe the following species. Sciurus (Microsciurus) boquetensis, sp. nov. Ohiriqui Pigmy Squirrel. Type* Adult female, No. 3.3.3.38, British Museum. Collected at Boquete (alt. 6000 ft.), Chiriqui, Panama, May 7, 1903, by H. J. Watson. Original number 93. 32 PROG. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (121) 122 Nelson A New Pigmy Squirrel Distribution. Known only from type locality. Specific cJiaracters. Pelage soft, thick and woolly; tail slender, flat tened; upperparts olive brown; breast rusty rufous; rest of underparts mainly grizzled bistre brown; tops of feet and toes washed with rusty. Size about that of S. alfari. Color. Upperparts including sides of body and upper surface of legs uniform olivaceous brown with a dull yellowish shade; sides of head and neck slightly paler and more yellowish; tops of feet and toes washed with rusty reddish; tail dull tawny olive finely washed and tipped with black and thinly edged with pale yellowish tips of hairs; chin and throat dingy rusty; underside of neck and breast rusty rufous shading back into dull grizzled brown; underside of tail dull tawny olive narrowly bordered with black and thinly edged with pale yellowish tips of hairs. Measurements. Measurements of type from dried skin: total length, 257; tail vertebrae, 116; hind foot, 37. Cranial characters. Premolars f . Skull longer and proportionately narrower than in 8. istfimius; this character specially marked in rostrum; interorbital width narrower; brain-case narrower and more highly arched, lower jaw heavier with angle stronger and more broadly expanded; molar series longer and heavier. The skull of type measures: palatal length, 15.5; interorbital breadth, 14; length of upper molar series, 7. Specimens examined. One; from type locality. General notes. The soft thick pelage of this species indicates that it is a resident of a comparatively cool and probably humid climate. The measurements of the apparently slightly over-stuffed type show that it is about the same size as S. alfari. It may be at once distin guished from S. isthmius, S. alfari, and 8. similis by the rather pale, al most grayish, olivaceous color of upperparts, which entirely lack the warm reddish brown suffusion characteristic, in varying degree, of the three species named. VOL. XVI, pp. 123-124 SEPTEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW HOGNOSE SNAKE FROM FLORIDA. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Mr. E. J. Brown collected in 1901, near Lemon City, two liognose snakes lacking the azygos shield between the inter- nasals. Fearing that they might be freaks only, I waited until the receipt of a young specimen in all essential features like the others. I propose to name this new form after its discoverer: Heterodon browni, new species. Diagnosis. Maxillary teeth, 8 + 2; no azygos shield between inter- nasals or pref rentals; rostral narrower than distance between eyes; scale rows, 25; ventrals, 114-127; anal divided; subcaudals, 47-53 pairs. Habitat. Southern Florida. Type. Immature female, No. 32,089 United States National Museum; Lemon City, Florida; E. J. Brown, collector. Description. Adult male: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 31,926; Lemon City, Florida; E. J. Brown, collector. Rostral slightly recurved, the under side much wider than high, the upper portion about equalling its distance from frontal, the posterior projection less than half the suture between the internasals; rostral keel sharp; internasals broadly in contact, with no azygos shield between them, their mutual suture longer than that be tween the pref rentals; pref rentals undivided, large, in contact with each other, with frontal, supraoculars, upper preorbital, loreal and posterior nasals; frontal one and one-half times as long as broad, as long as pari- etals; nostril in suture between two nasals, opening backwards, the pos- 33 Paoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (123) 124 Stejneger A New Hog nose Snake from Florida. terior nasal being hollowed out as is also the loreal though to a less ex tent, the two nasals and the loreal subequal in size; eye large, its hori zontal diameter as long as its distance from anterior nasal, the vertical diameter greater than its distance from the edge of the lips; eye sur rounded by a ring of 10 (or 11 on one side) shields including the supra- oculars; temporals 2 + 3; 8 supralabials, sixth and seventh largest; mental very small; 9 lower labials, first pair large, broadly in contact behind mental, first, second and third in contact with chin-shield; only one pair of large chin-shields, in contact behind with four scale-like shields, the outer pair of which, which represent the posterior chin- shields, scarcely more developed than the others; 25 rows of scales around the middle of the body, 19 rows a head-length anterior to the vent, outer row smooth, the next very feebly carinated, the keeles in creasing in distinctness towards the back; 114 ventrals; anal divided; 52 pairs of subcaudals. Color above sepia brown darker on the median line becoming paler on the sides, the back with 15 whitish cross-bands which widen on the sides where they enclose a roundish brownish-black spot; tail with nine whitish cross-bands without lateral spots; head with a brownish-black band across the pref rentals, with an anterior projection on the suture between the internasals, this prefrontal band extending obliquely backwards through the eyes to the angle of the mouth; a simi lar band running parallel with it from the parietals to the sides of the neck joining a large oblong blackish patch on each side of the neck; be tween these, on the nape, an elongate median blackish spot; a brownish black symmetrical figure of irregular outline on fronto-supraocular- parietal suture; a pale irregular band spotted with dusky across middle of frontal and supraoculars; underside clouded with brownish gray, leaving the middle of the ventrals more or less uniform pale. Dimensions. Total length, 398 mm.; tail, 88 mm. The young specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 32,089), apart from slight devia tions in the scale formula, which may be seen in the subjoined table, agrees completely with the two large specimens. Its ground color is less brownish, inclining as it does to purplish gray, and there is an additional lateral row of irregular blackish spots below the ocelli of the dorso- lateral cross-bands. Scale formula. U. S. Sex . Ul i OJ o 13 11 ? ^ 0! E ?2 N. M. and Locality. "S a "3 E "3 o> ble arrangement into supraorbital semi-circles and supraocular disks; all cephalic shields and scales smooth or slightly tuberculate; occipital somewhat larger than the adjacent scutes; no dis tinctly differentiated superciliary shields, only two of the anterior ones adjoining the canthus rostralis being somewhat enlarged and elongated; four small shields on canthus rostralis behind postnasals; shields cover ing the loreal triangle numerous, flat, elongate, irregularly polygonal and varying in size, anteriorly wedged in between the nasals and the supra labials, two to three rows separating the latter from the postnasal; a series of enlarged keeled suboculars separated from the supralabials by about seven rows of small elongate hexagonal scales; scales covering the temporal: region irregular in size and shape, some almost granular; a group of larger tubercular shields or scales in front of the upper edge of the tympanum, one being particularly prominent, and a single series of similar ones along the anterior edge of the tympanum ; tympanum ovoid, its vertical diameter less than diameter of eye; supralabials low and elongate, six to under the center of the eye; lower labials higher than the supra labials, but smaller than the malar shields; the three anterior malars in contact with the lower labials, the posterior ones separated from them by one and two rows of elongate polygonal shields but no granules or small scales; the posterior malars with a blunt tubercle or keel at the Stejneger A New Species of Large Iguana. 131 lower edge; throat covered with small uniform juxtaposed scales; on each side below the angle of the mouth a patch of larger, more rounded tubercles separated by scales corresponding to the other throat scales; a strong transverse fold across the lower neck joined by numerous longi tudinal folds on the sides of the neck and a high (about 25 mm.) dewlap on the median line; back covered with small uniform squarish scales in tolerably regular series, 10-12 scales in the long diameter of the tym panum; a curved nuchal crest consisting of about 20 spines, the longest about 25 mm. high and slightly falcate; a series of 79 enlarged, elongate, keeled scales forming a slight crest on the median line of the back; scales on underside similar to those on back, those on upper side of arm, especially forearm, somewhat larger, those on hind legs even more so (about 6 in the long diameter of the ear) and with indication of keels; a single series of about 20 femoral pores; inner side of second toe with one "comb," of third toe with two "combs," each consisting of three lobes; tail compressed, covered with obliquely keeled scales in vertical rows forming but faintly indicated verticils, about five rows of the larger scales to a verticil where such can be made out; tail surmounted by a series of enlarged, pointed, triangular scales forming a strongly serrated edge. Color, which according to Mr. Riley has not changed materially in the preserving fluid, dull "smoke gray, "on the upper surface irregularly and obscurely marked with variously anastomosing blotches and mar- blings of "tawny-olive." Dimensions. Total length (tail regenerated), 597 mm. ; tip of snout to vent, 272; tip of snout to orbit, 24; tip of snout to ear, 51; width of head, 35; fore limb, 106; hind limb, 161; vertical diameter of tympanum, 9. In No. 31,966 which has the tail complete the dimensions are as fol lows: Total length, 558 mm.; tip of snout to vent, 208; vent to tip of tail, 350. The tail is consequently more than 1-J times the length of head and body. Variation. The individual variation displayed by the seven specimens collected is surprisingly small. The scutellation is essentially as in the type specimen described above, with here and there an additional small shield intercalated where two sutures meet, the only greater devi ation being that of No. 31,970 in which the anterior prefrontals are devided transversely. The anterior superciliaries are also better defined in some of the specimens than in the one described, and the arrange ment of the supraorbital ridge is also occasionally better defined. The number of enlarged keeled scales forming the dorsal crest, or rather ridge, varies between 71 and 79, one each having these numbers, one each having 73, 76 and 77 and two 75 scales. The color is also fairly uniform throughout the series. Remarks. This new species, though probably nearest related to the Cuban C. cyclura, shows certain leanings towards C. cornuta in the small- ness of the scales covering arms and legs and the undeveloped condition of the caudal verticils. The similarity to the other Bahaman species is 132 Stejneger A New Species of Large Iguana. not remarkably close, and altogether the new form may be easily identi fied by the characters pointed out in the diagnosis. Field notes by Mr. Riley. This species is very common on two small keys in the large salt-water lake on Watlings Island, but is very rarely found on the main part of the island, probably caused by the large num ber of cats that are said to be running wild. The iguanas must have reached the keys by swimming. The large key is locally known as Iguana Cay. It is several hundred yards long and fifteen or twenty broad. Mangroves grow around the shore, but the center is covered with a large cactus tree. The key, of course, is nothing but coral rock. The ground under the cactus is bare and here most of the iguanas are found. They have a habit of running very swiftly and then suddenly stopping, unless very much frightened when they go into holes in the rock, with which their domain is abundantly supplied. They have a lumbering gait that carries them over the ground very rapidly. They also climb trees to some extent, and one of those shot was about five feet up in a mangrove. Two of the females opened were heavy with eggs, one of them containing five, about the size of turtle eggs. VOL. XVI, PP. 133-144 NOVEMBER 12, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERICAN DELPHINIUM DESCRIBED BY DR R. A. PHILIPPI IN 1893 AND 1896. BY FREDERICK W. TRUE. In 1893 Dr, R. A. Philippi, Director of the National Museum of Chili, described several new species of porpoises and com mented on various South American forms previously known. In 1896 he supplemented this by a second paper on the same subject.* These two papers constitute a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Delphinidce of South American seas, but, on account of lack of access to recent literature, or for some other reason, many of the different forms are assigned to genera to which they can at present hardly be considered to belong. As I have given the family Delphinidce considerable study and have examined the types of the majority of the species described by Gray and oth^r cetologists, I venture to express below my opinions as to the probable affinities and correct scientific names of the various forms described or mentioned by Dr. Philippi. *Philippi, R. A., Los Delfinos de la Punta Austral de la America del Sur. - etGaim.). ) Phoccena lunata (Delphinus) Lesson. Phoccena cruciger (Delphinus) Quoy and Gaimard. Phocana obtusata Philippi. DelpMnapterus leucorrhampJius (Del phinus) Peron. Olobiocephalus globiceps (Delphin us) Cuv. Globiocephalus chilensis Philippi. Delphinus chilensis Philippi. Eutropia dickii Gray. Tursio? panope Philippi. Tursio platyrrhinus Philippi. Probable identity. Lagenorhynchus? superciliosus (Les son.) Prodelphinus cceruko-albus (Meyen). Prodelphinus amphitriteus (Philip- Dm I* Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray). Phoccena spinipinnis Burmeister. Lagenorhynchus posidonia (Philip- pi). Lagenorhynchus cruciger (d'Orbigny and Gervais). Not based on specimens. Not based on specimens. Cephalorhynchus? obtusata (Philip- pi). Lissodelphis peronii (Lace*pdde), Globicephala chilensis Philippi. Based on a foetus. Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray). New genus? Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray). VOL. XVI, PP. 145-146 NOVEMBER 12, PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW HARE FROM GREECE, BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,] A hare from Mount Parnassus, Greece, recently procured by the United States National Museum, differs conspicuously from all of the forms related to Lepus europceus that have been recognized during the past few years. As no name has as yet been applied to the Grecian hare the animal may be known as: Lepus parnassius, sp. nov. Tgpe. Adult male (skin and skull), No. 122,093, United States National Museum. Collected at Agorianni, north side of Lyakura (Parnassus) Alts., Greece, September 10, 1895. Received from Wilhelm Schluter, of Halle, on the Saale, Germany. Characters. Intermediate in size between British specimens of Lepus occidentalis, and Swiss examples of L. europceus, but nearer the latter. General color less yellow than in the related forms; ears grayish instead of yellowish, and with much more extensive black area at tip; rump scarcely different from back. Skull with rostrum much less heavily built than that of Lepus europaus. Color. Hairs of dorsal surface, with four color bands. Beginning at the base there are (1) whitish smoke-gray, 12 mm., (2) black, 7 mm., (3) pinkish-butt', 5 mm., (4); black, 5 mm. The general effect is a coarse grizzle of black and pinkish-buff, the latter very slightly in excess, much 37 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH, VOL. XVI, 1903. (145) 146 MiUer A New Hare from Greece. less so than the light, clear buff of the corresponding region in europmus. Sides and neck not noticeably different from back, but the grizzle less distinct, owing to the replacement of the sub-basel black by hair-brown. Rump essentially like back, but with a slight grayish cast due to the light gray bases of the hairs. The exact shade of this under eolor is about Ridg way's gray No. 10 at base of hairs, darkening to gray No. 7 near surface. Cheeks like sides, but more finely grizzled, and with a faint blackish wash below ear. An indistinct grayish-buff eye ring and loral stripe. Crown and face like back but more finely grizzled, and the bases of the hairs wood-brown. Ears light silvery -gray (the exact color not given by Ridgway) except for the following markings: a very finely grizzled stripe essentially concolor with top of head extend ing up anterior outer surface almost to tip, and about 20 mm. wide at middle; a similar area 45 mm. long by 12 mm. wide near middle of posterior inner surface; a black apical patch 40 mm, long by 30 mm, wide on posterior outer surface, extending downward along posterior outer rim as a band 4 mm. in width to about middle of ear, and spread ing over both surfaces at tip and along upper fourth of anterior margin, the black apical area on inner surface about 10 mm. wide; a clear ochraceous-buff area 10 mm. in width between apical black and general gray of inner surface; a whitish line 3 mm. in width along inner anterior margin from base to above middle. Feet, outer surface of legs, flank patches, and throat, dull ochraceous-buff. Underparts and. inner sur face of legs white, this color much suffused with ochraceous-buff on front legs. Tail missing. Skull and teeth. The skull differs from that of Lepus europ&us in smaller size and much less robust form. This is particularly noticeable in the rostral portion of the skull, both depth and width of which are reduced, but is also very evident in the form of the braincase. Supra- orbital processes smaller than in Lepus europaus. Teeth as in the re lated species. Measurements External measurements of type (from well made skin), head and body, 600; hind foot, 150 (140); ear from crown, 130. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 96 (99)*; occipito nasal length: 94; diastema, 32.6 (30); greatest (oblique) length of nasals, 44 (45); length of nasals along median suture, 37.6 (40); breadth of both nasals together at middle, 16.6 (20); greatest breadth of both nasals together posteriorly, 21 (23.6); least interorbital breadth behind supraorbital pro cesses, 14.4 (12); zygomatic breadth, 44 (48); breadth of braincase below roots of zygomata, 31 (34); palatal depth 24.6 (28); mandible, 75 (76); maxillary molar series (alveoli), 15.4 (18.6); mandibular molar series (alveoli), 18.4 (20.4). Specimens examined. One, the type. *Cranial measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult female Lepus europo&us from Werdenberg, Switzerland (No. 105,831). VOL. XVI, pp. 147-148 NOVEMBER 12, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SQUIREEL FROM LOWER SIAM. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Five small lineated squirrels collected by Dr. W. L. Ab bott in Trong, Lower Siam, differ markedly from the Burman Sciurus barbei. So far as can be judged from descriptions they are identical with the Malaccan Sciurus macclellandi leucotis of Bonhote*, though without actual comparison of specimens this question must remain open. They are, however, very doubtfully the same as the Tamias leucotis of Temminckf; and the name adopted by Mr. Bonhote is certainly invalidated by Gapper's earlier use of Sciurus leucotis for an American squirrelj. The animal occuring in Trong may be known as: Sciurus novemlineatus, sp. nov. Type. Adult male (skin and skull), No. 84,403, United States National Museum. Collected at 1500 ft. elevation in heavy forest among the hills of Trong, Lower Siam, February 19, 1897, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Characters. Externally similar to Sciurus barbei Blyth, but ear smaller and with the hairs of the \yhite tuft scarcely, if at all, blackish at base. *Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., V, p. 53, January, 1900. fEsquisses Zoologiques sur la Cote de Guine", p. 252, 1853. "Peninsula of Malacca." JZool. Journ., V, p. 206, 1830. Ontario. 38-PBOC. BIOL, Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (147) 148 Miller A New Squirrel from Lower Slant. Skull smaller than that of the Burman animal, the rostrum relatively shorter, and region between anterior zygomatic roots proportionally broader. Color. Type: sides of body and outer surface of legs hair-brown faintly tinged with yellowish, particularly on flanks. Back with nine longitudinal stripes as follows: a median black stripe 3 mm. in width is succeeded by a slightly broader stripe of dull ochraceous-buff; beyond this lies a black stripe 7 mm. wide followed by one of clear bufl 7 of similar width; this in turn is bordered on the outer side by a black line about as broad as the median stripe, extending from shoulder to rump. Except this short outermost band and the buff stripe, these longitudinal markings extend from middle of neck to rump. The buff stripe is con tinued forward along side of neck and under ear to cheek, where it spreads so as to surround eye, muzzle and lips. Behind eye there is a faint dusky line, and still more faint dusky wash extends over lower part of cheek and along side of neck between buff stripe and the darker color of the underparts. Ears tawny-ochraceous internally, black extern ally except for the conspicuous white tuft at tip; many of the hairs of this tuft white to extreme base. Whiskers black. Feet dull ochraceous. Underparts and inner surface of legs clear ochraceous-buff, slightly more yellow than that of Ridgway, the hairs slaty at base. Hairs of tail black at base and at extreme tip, the intermediate region occupied by a broad band of dull ochraceous, another of black, and a narrow subterminal area of yellowish-white. Pencil black slightly grizzled by numerous small yellowish annulations. Skull and teeth. The skull is smaller than that of Sciurus barbei, the diameter of the orbits and audital bullae is less, and the rostrum is shorter. On the other hand, the interorbital width is fully as great as in the larger animal, and the lachrymal breadth is distinctly greater. The increased breadth of the region between the anterior zygomatic roots contrasted with the shorter rostrum gives the skull a very distinctive appearance as compared with that of Sciurus barbei. Teeth as in the Burman animal, but smaller throughout. Measurements. Measurements of type: total length, 210; head and body, 115; tail vertebrae, 95; hind foot, 30 (28); ear from meatus, 12; ear from crown, 8; width of ear, 8; skull, greatest length, 31 (33)*; basal length, 25(27.8); length of nasals, 8 (9.4); interorbital breadth, 12 (12); lachrymal breadth, 16 (15.6); mandible, 17.4(19). Specimens examined. Five, all from Trong, Lower Siam. Remarks. That this is not the same as the Tamias leucotis of Tem- minck is shown by the stress laid in the original description of the Malaccan animal on the presence of only one black longitudinal stripe. In one of Temminck's specimens the underparts were white slightly washed with reddish; in the other they appear to have been essentially as in the species found in Trong. *Cranial measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male Sci urus barbei from Yado, Burma (No. 36,044). VOL. XVI, PP. 149-130 NOVEMBER 12, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TELMATODYTES. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. Two long-billed marsh wrens recently collected by the writer at Sabine, Texas, were at first referred, with a query, to Telma- todytes palustris palustris. In light of material, particularly from Louisiana, which Mr. Ridgway has brought together for use in connection with his work on the genus, these two speci mens prove to belong to the new race which is here described. Telmatodytes palustris thryophilus, subsp. nov. Subspecific characters. Similar to Telmatodytes palustris mariana, but much paler, more grayish brown above, the pileum with much less black, often with almost none, the upper tail-coverts obsoletely or not at all barred; chest not spotted. Geographical distribution. Coast region of Louisiana and eastern Texas. Description. Type, male adult, No. 184,769, United States National Museum, Biological Survey Collection; Sabine, Texas, September 3, 1902; H. C. Oberholser. Pileum sepia brown, laterally and posteriorly with a slight admixture of blackish; remainder of upper surface mummy brown, the back with an irregularly triangular area of black streaked with white; tail brown, with black bars that on many of the feathers are confluent; wings fuscous, barred with black, brown, and buff; a white superciliary stripe that is extended posteriorly in a chain of white streaks encircling the hind 39-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (149) 150 Oberholser Description of a New Telmatodytes. neck; postocular streak dark brown; sides of neck brown like the crown, but paler; cheeks and lores mixed white and brownish; lower surface white, the sides and flanks brownish ochraceous, also the breast tinged with this color; crissum brownish ochraceous, terminally whitish, and narrowly barred with dusky; lining of wing white. This new form is most closely allied to Telmatodytes palustris palustris, from which its range is, however, widely separated, but it may be distin guished by its decidedly inferior size (being apparently a little smaller than even T. p. mariance), duller, less reddish brown upper parts, besides having the brownish of sides and flanks spread over the breast and other wise more extended. The type of thryophilus is in perfectly fresh autumn plumage, the condition which seems most nearly to resemble palustris, for summer specimens are paler, more grayish, and present a stronger contrast to palustris of even corresponding season. The subjoined millimeter measurements of males of the three forms concerned in this comparison were taken by Mr. Ridgway, and he has courteously offered them for inclusion here. *0 to n s tf-H 02 o5 Is Name. '3 s s E rr"S O S'3 SI * EH W o 5 ^ S 10 Telmatodytes palustris palustris 49.9 41.2 15. 20.4 12.9 4 Telmatodytes palustris tliryophilus 47.4 40.4 13.1 20.1 13.6 7 Telmatodytes palustris mariance 48.7 39.2 14.5 20.3 11.8 VOL. XVI, PP. I5H60 NOVEMBER 30. 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THB BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BIRDS FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO. BY E, W. NELSON, The birds described below, with three exceptions, were ob tained by Mr. Goldman and myself during our expedition in the interest of the Biological Survey, to southwestern Mexico, in the winter of 1902-1903. For favors extended during the prepara tion of this paper, I wish to express my appreciation to Mr. Robert Ridgway and Dr. Chas. W. Richmond, Curator and Assistant Curator of Birds, in the National Museum. Geotrygon albifacies rubida, subsp. nov. Guerrero Quail Dove. Type. No. 185,510 $ ad., U. 8. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Worn Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 19, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Heavily forested slopes on coast side of the Sierra Madre of Guerrero (above 5,000 feet). Subspecific characters. Generally paler than G. albifacies, with under- parts more uniformly buff. Description. Generally similar to O. albifacie*, but chestnut of upper- parts paler, with a more yellowish cast; underparts nearly uniform buffy, * little darker on sides of body, with scarcely a trace of the ashiness on breast so commonly present in G. albifacies. 40-pRoc. BIOL. Soa WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903, (151) 152 Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. Dimensions of type. Wing, 160; tail, 113; culmen, 16; tarsus, 43. Remarks. This form is based on eleven specimens all from the type locality. Dactylortyx thoracicus sharpei, subsp. nov. Yucatan Long-toed Grouse. Type.'So. 167,737, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Apazote, Campeche, Mexico. Collected December 31, 1900, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. The Peninsula of Yucatan, including the States of Cam peche and Yucatan (below 1,000 feet). Subspecific characters. Smaller than D. thoracicus; white area on ab domen larger; color of breast, flanks, top of shoulders, back and upper surface of wings paler; cheeks and superciliary stripe of type deeper and richer cinnamon rufous and top of head richer and brighter chestnut brown than in any male seen of other races of this species. Dimensions of type. Wing, 122; tail (?); culmen, 16; tarsus, 35. Remarks. In the Biologia, Vol. Ill, p. 309, Dr. Sharpe first called at tention to the small .size and paler colors of these grouse from Yucatan. Three specimens in our collection from Campeche agree with the Yuca tan birds in these characters, and evidently represent a recognizable geo graphic race peculiar to the arid peninsula of Yucatan, which I take pleasure in dedicating to Dr. Sharpe. In this connection I wish to record the confirmation of the validity of Dactylortyx demus, Nelson, by a series of 13 specimens taken by Mr. Goldman and myself at Omilteme, Guerrero, during May, 1903. It is al together probable that specimens from intermediate territory will show that this is merely a well-marked geographic race of D. thoracicus. Syrniutn occidentale lucidum, subsp. nov. Mexican Spotted Owl. Type. No. 185,269, 9 ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll, From Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Collected February 27, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Known only from the forested mountains about the southern end of the Mexican tableland (above 6,500 feet). Subspecific characters. Darker and with much less yellowish buffy suf fusion throughout than in S. occidentale; white markings larger and clearer white. Description of type.- Light markings as in S. occidentale but larger, clearer 'white and much more distinct; main color on top and sides of head, neck, body and underparts dark sepia brown, contrasting strongly Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. 153 with the duller mummy brown of typical 8. occidentale; the suffusion of yellowish-buffy, so marked in the latter, mainly absent or much reduced in present form; face dingy gray with scarcely a trace of buffy; legs. feet and toes whiter and more thickly spotted with brown; size about as in S. occidentale. Dimensions of type. Wing, 330; tail, 214; culmen, 35; tarsus, 63. Remarks. This form is based on a single specimen, but the National Museum has received another from the State of Guanajuato, Mexico, which is not at present accessible. The shade of brown of 8. o. lucidum approaches more nearly to that of 8. o. caurinum than to that of typical occidental*, yet owing to the greater intensity of the buffy suffusion and the small size of the white spots on both upper and under parts of 8. o. caurinum it is much more distinct from lucidum than is occidentale. The white spots throughout in S. o. lucidum average about twice as large as those in 8. o. caurinum; while the gray face and general suppression of buffy in the Mexican bird show strongly on comparison with caurinum. Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis, subsp. nov. Omilteme Wood-hewer. Type. No. 185,530, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 19, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Oak forests on south slope of the Sierra Madre of central Guerrero, near Omilteme (above 6,000 feet).. Subxpecific characters. Most like X. emigrans sclateri from which it differs in the duller, dingier shades of brown above and below, lacking most of the yellowish mixture so conspicuous in sclateri white throat patch smaller, and white shaft lines on neck and breast narrower, fewer and more obsolescent posteriorly; white on throat and shaft streaks on upper and lower parts dingier white than in sclateri and less sharply contrasted with other colors. Size about as in sclateri, including length and proportions of bill. Remarks. The authors of the "Biologia" (Vol. II, pp. 183-184), have treated Xiphocolaptes sclateri as a synonym of X. emigrans. With eight specimens of the latter before me, two specimens (including type) of sclateri and four of omiltemensis, the specimens of seiateri may at once be distinguished from the series of emigrans by their longer and more slender bills, they also have the whitish area on the chin and throat less streaked, while the whitish shaft streaks on crown and breast are rather broader and more strongly marked. 154 Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. Cyanolyca mirabilis, sp. nov, Ornilteme Jay. Type.T&o. 186,545, $ ad., U. 8, Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Col?, From Ornilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 22, 1903, by E. W, Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Known only from type locality in the oak forests on the Sierra Madre of Central Guerrero (above 7,000 feet). Specific characters. A narrow band of silvery white extends across forehead and back over eyes and behind ear coverts, to unite with large white area covering chin, throat r and under side of neck; rest of head, neck and upper breast black; rest of upper parts and under side of body blue. Description. A band of silvery white, 2 to 3 mm. broad, extends across forehead between fore part of orbits and thence back over eyes, along sides of crown and down behind ear coverts, to unite with a large silvery- white area covering throat and under side of neck; rest of head, neck and fore breast uniform black; back, including upper surface of wings and tail and under side of body, dull indigo blue; under side of wings dark hair brown; under siie of tail brownish black. Dimensions of type. Wing, 110; tail, 118; culmen, 23; tarsus, 34. Remarks. The discovery of this remarkable species, the handsomest and most strikingly marked one of the genus, was one of the unexpected results of our visit to the rich bird district about Omilteme. So many rare and interesting species were taken during our brief stay that it is evident this locality would repay more careful work. The Omilteme jay, of which our collection contains 8 specimens, is so different from any of its known congeners that no comparison between them is needed- Its size is very similar to that of C. pumilo. Aphelocoma gtierrerensis, sp. nov. Guerrero Jay. Type. No. 185,539, $ ad., U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, from Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 19, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Humid oak forest on west slope of the Sierra Madre of central Guerrero, Mexico (above 7,000 feet). Specific characters. Head and body uniform rich dark blue (between hyacinth and Berlin blue of Ridgway). Size larger than Aphelocoma unicolor. Description. Entire head, body, with upper surface of wings and tail rich dark blue (of a shade between hyacinth and Berlin blue of Ridg way); inner web and under surface of quills brownish black, a little darker than in A. unicolor; under side of tail coal black (much darker than in A. unicolor'), with faint wash of blue in certain lights. Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. 155 Measurements of Aphelocoma guerrerensis and A. unicolor. Name. Wing. Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. Type of Aphelocoma guerrerensis. Apheloroma unicolor, $ ad., No. 172 174 33 42 144,679, U. S. N. M., Jico, Vera ^ Cruz, Mex., July 14, 1893. 170 161 29 . 42 Remarks. The distribution of color in Aphelocoma guerrerensis and A. unicolcr is the same, but the differences in size, proportions, and intensity of color between our series of the two forms are very constant. This being the case and in view of the isolation of the habitat of A. guerreren- $is, it appears best to treat this form as a distinct species although evi dently derived from A. unicolor. A. guerrerensis is based upon a series of 11 specimens. Vireolanius melitophrys goldmani, subsp. nov. Goldman's Shrike Vireo. .^Q. 186,309, 9 ad., U. 8. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico. Collected June 10, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Oak forest on south slope of the mountains bordering south side of Valley of Mexico, in States of Mexico and Morelos (7,000 to 9,000 feet). tfubspecific characters. Larger and generally paler than typical V. melitophrys with heavier black stripe on sides of throat?: chestnut-rufous band across breast only, this color replaced along sides by wash of dull buffy. Description of type. Forehead dingy gray shading back into darker more slate gray on nape, back and sides of neck; gray of neck shading into color of back on shoulders without any definite limit between two areas; back, top of wings and rump light olive green; tail, slate gray washed above with color of rump; superciliary stripe lemon yellow be coming white posteriorly; broad stripe extending through eye and back over ear coverts, dark slate gray; broad white malar stripe extends back across cheeks to unite with area of same color covering chin, throat and underside of neck; this area overlaid with a faint wash of buffy. Well defined black stripe (heavier than in true melitophrys}, extends from angle of lower mandible back along sides of chin and throat, thus out lining white malar stripe; band across forepart of breast light ferrugin ous chestnut; sides of body dull grayish; middle of breast, abdomen and 156 Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. under tail coverts dull white with a strong wash of buffy along each side, and a much lighter suffusion of same over middle of white underparts; tail below slate gray with narrow white tips to feathers. Measurements of Vireolanius melitophrys and V. m. goldmani. Wing. Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. Vireolanius melitophrys goldmani. Ad. 9 type. 85 73 18 25 Ad. 9 from "near City of Mexico." 84.5 73 19 26 Yg. $ from type locality. 86 72.5 16 26 Vireolanius melitophrys. Ad. $ from Jico, near Jalapa, Vera Cruz. 81 69 20 25 Remarks. The family to which Vireolanius belongs is distinguished by the identity of the sexes in color, and for this reason I have felt suf ficiently confident that the well marked differences in color between the female specimens, from the mountains south of the Valley of Mexico, and our typical male from near Jalapa, Vera Cruz cannot well be con sidered due to sex. This conclusion is supported by the well marked differences of size the three specimens of goldmani (including an imma ture male) are all larger than the typical male of melitophrys, and have shorter bills. In the "Biologia" (Vol. I, p. 209), the authors describe a female of F. melitophrys from the Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, as different from the male from the same locality. The distinguishing characters of the female in this description so closely parallel the characters, in which the immature male of V. m. goldmani differs from the females, that it ap pears a fair inference that the Volcan de Fuego female is an immature bird, and the differences due to immaturity and not to sex. Geothlypis chapalensis, sp nov. Chapala Yellow-throat. Type. No. 186,409, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Ocotlan, Jalisco, Mexico. Collected June 26, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and B. A. Goldman. Distribution. Fresh-water marshes along lower Lerma River and eastern border of Lake Chapala (from near La Barca to Ocotlan), Jalisco, Mexico. Nelson New JBirds from /Southern Mexico. 157 Specific characters. Pattern of coloration as in G. melanops, but black mask extends higher upon forehead; light area bordering black mask yellow; upperparts darker olive-green; underparts richer yellow; culmen, tail, and tarsus longer. Description. A broad black mask covering front and sides of head in cluding orbits; black mask bordered posteriorly by a yellow band extend ing about to middle of crown and down on sides of neck; rest of crown and nape bistre brown overlying and concealing yellow bases of feathers; rest of upperparts dark olive green; underparts bright gamboge yellow most intense on neck and breast; flanks washed with olive brown. measurements of three species of Geothlypis. Name. Wing. Tail. Culmen. Tarsus. Type of G. cJiapalensis, ad. $ . 61 63 14 23 G. melanops, ad. $ . 62 61 13 22 G. flamceps, ad. $ . 57 56 15 22 Remarks. In fresh plumage the brown on crown and nape hides the basal yellow of the feathers, but as the plumage becomes worn the brown gradually disappears and the yellow band on crown broadens until in one of our series of eleven specimens the crown and nape are entirely yellow much as in G. flaviceps. The differences in size and proportions serve at once to distinguish the two species and the same holds good in regard to another closely related species, G. flavovelatus. The female of G. chapalensis has a dull brown forehead and dull olive green crown, contrasting strongly with the yellow forehead and lighter green crown of this sex in G. flaviceps. This species is based on eleven specimens. Thryophilus sinaloa russeus, subsp. nov. Russet Wren. Type.^o. 185,893, ad. $, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Acahuizotla, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 9, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Known only from type locality, but probably occurs in brushy foothills of the Sierra Madre del Sur throughout most of its ex tension in Guerrero. Subspecific characters. Witters from T. sinaloa mainly in the much brighter, more russet brown of upperparts of head, body, and wings; upper tail coverts and tail brighter, more cinnamon rufous; dark bars on 158 Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. wings and tail and under tail coverts blacker and more strongly con trasted with the brown; size about as in typical sinaloa. Remarks. This subspecies is based upon five specimens. Typical T. sinaloa is exactly intermediate in coloration between russeus and cin- ereus. Troglodytes brunneicoJHs nitidus, subsp. nov. . Zempoaltepec Wren. Type. No. 143,058, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Mt. Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Collected July 8, 1894, by E. W. Nelson and E A. Goldman. Distribution. Humid forests on Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, and adjacent parts of the Cordillera in northeastern Oaxaca (above 6,500 feet). Subspecific characters. Both adults and young differ from typical T. brunneicollis in the deeper, or darker, reddish bistre-brown of upperparts, and the darker and richer buffy-cinnamon on neck and breast; size about the same. Remarks. This subspecies, based on two adults and one young of the year, from the very humid forest on Mount Zempoaltepec, shows the in fluence of the environment in its darker colors compared with T. brun- neicottis, the type of which was taken in the more open and arid pine and fir forest of the mountains at La Parada near Oaxaca City, central Oaxaca. Henicorhina leucophrys f estiva, subsp. nov. Guerrero Wren. Type.$o. 186,596, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Collected May 23, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Heavy oak forested mountain slopes of the Cordillera of western Michoacan and central-southern Guerrero (above 7,000 feet). Subspecific characters. Intermediate in coloration between H. leuco phrys mexicana (Nelson) and //. leucophrys capitalis Nelson, but most like the former from which it differs mainly in having crown, top of neck and fore part of shoulders bistre brown; rest of back and rump slightly duller shade of rusty rufous; bill longer. Remarks. The color of crown and top of neck in this form contrasts more strongly with the rusty rufous of the rump than in mexicana, and like the latter it shows no sign of the darker line on the sides of the crown of H. I. capitalis. Nelson New Birds from Southern Mexico. 159 Hemiura leucogastra musica, subsp. nov. Palenque Wren. Type. No. 166,306, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. Collected March 20, 1900, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Humid forests along base of Cordillera from Tabasco to northern Guatemala. Subspecific characters. Darkest of the subspecies of H. leucogastra ; most like H. I. brachyura from which it differs in darker shade of red dish brown on upperparts, flanks and under tail coverts, and the obso lescence of bars on tail and under tail coverts, as in typical leueogastra. Sialia mexicana australis, subsp, nov. Southern Bluebird. Type. No. 185,183, $ ad., U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. From Mt. Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Collected February 26, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Wooded mountains on southern border of the Mexican tableland; From Mt. Orizaba, Puebla, west through Puebla (Tochimilco), Mexico (Mt. Popocatapetl), Morelos (Huitzilac), Michoacan (Mt. Patam- ban and Mt. Tancitaro) to the Sierra Nevada de Colima in southern Jalisco. Breeds above 6,000 feet. Subspecific characters. Most like 8. m. occidentalis but larger (largest of the subspecies of S. mexicana). Males with rufous areas lighter, more cinnamon colored, and blue of upperparts richer or more intense than in occidentalis (nearly as in true mexicana); females with top of head, neck and rump deeper blue, rest of back and shoulders darker brown. Dimensions of type. Wing, 112; tail, 68; culmen, 13; tarsus, 22. VOL. XVI, PP. 161-164 NOVEMBER 30, 19(53 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW MOLE RATS. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] Among the Old World rodents in the United States National Museum are two forms of Spalax, which I am unable to iden tify with any of the species recently characterized by Nehring and Satunin. One is from northern Dobrudscha, the other from Beyrout, Syria. They may be described as follows: Spalax dolbrogeae, sp. nov, Type. Adult male (skin and skull), No. 122,109, United States Na tional Museum. Collected at Malcociu, Dobrudscha, Rumania, March 20, 1903. Received from Wilhelm Schliiter of Halle, a. S., Germany. Characters. A medium sized species nearly as large as Spalax micro- phthalmus, which it resembles in the form of the molar teeth, but from which it differs conspicuously in the much larger parietal bones. Color. Back, sides, and posterior half of head ochraceous-buff, slightly paler than that of Ridgway, the fur everywhere slate-gray beneath sur face. Underparts and legs slate-gray, the color of sides extending as a distinct wash across middle of body. Face, cheeks, and region about mouth silvery drab-gray, the two lines of bristle-like hairs extending back from muzzle whitish in rather marked contrast. Skutt. In general form the skull rather closely resembles that of tipalax microphthalmus as figured by Nehring, but the lambdoid ridge is almost straight, and each parietal bone is nearly as broad as long, and in size fully equal to the two together in the skull of the larger animal. 41 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XVI, 1908, (161) 162 Miller Descriptions of Two New Mole Hats. Anteriorly the two bones form a single point, and the latero-anterior border is continued backward almost to lambdoid crest, so that the out line of the bone is very nearly a right triangle. Sagittal crest well de veloped. Anterior margin of frontal straight. Teeth. The teeth agree with those of Spalax microphthalmus, as describ ed by Nehring*, except that each of the first and second upper molars has an enamel island in the anterior loop, making the pattern an exact re versal of that in the first and second lower molars of Spalax hungaricus.\ Ln all of the teeth the pattern is essentially alike, arid consists of a single narrow reentrant fold on each side. The inner reentrant is placed a little in advance of the outer, and is curved forward, while the outer curves back. In the maxillary teeth the folds are all open, but in the lower jaw those of the inner side are closed. The anterior faces of the incisors both above and below are finely roughened by minute longitudinal wrinkles, but there are no distinct grooves. Measurements. Head and body, 230; hind foot 29 (25); skull, greatest length, 52; basal length, 45; basilar length, 42; occipito-nasal length (from inion), 41; palatal length, 26; diastema, 19; length of nasals, 19; breadth of both nasals together anteriorly, 7; breath of both nasals to gether posteriorly, 2.6; greatest breadth of rostrum, 11.4; zygomatie breadth, 38; mastoid breadth, 26; least interorbital breadth, 6; palatal breadth between middle molars, 2; depth at middle of palate, 18.4; least depth of rostrum behind incisors, 7: mandible from condyle, 31; mandi ble, from root of incisor, 32; depth of mandible through coronoid pro cess, 18.8; upper molars, alveoli, 7.6; upper molars, crowns, 6.6; width of second upper molar (crown), 2.8 ; lower molars, alveoli, 7 ; lower molars, crowns, 6.6 ; width of upper incisor at alveolus, 3 ; width of lower incisor at alveolus, 3.4. Specimens examined. One, the type. Remarks. This is probably the same animal as the Rumanian Spalax hungaricus recorded by Matschie, in 19014 I* is readily distinguishable" from the Hungarian species, however, by its much larger size and by the presence of an inner reentrant enamel fold in the posterior molar both above and below. Spalax dolbragece is apparently more closely re lated to S. microphthalmus. 5 pa! ax berytensis, sp. nov. Type. Adult female (skin and skull), No. fffff, United States Na tional Museum. Collected at Beyrout, Syria, April, 1878, by W. T. Van Dyck. *Sitz.-Ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1897, p. 165. f In the posterior loop of the left middle lower molar there is a very minute enamel island whose presence may be abnormal. J Sitz.-Ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1901, p. 237. Prundu, Rumania. Miller .Descriptions of Tivo New Mole fiats. 163 Characters. A medium sized species, not as large as Spalax dolbroaea. Face of incisors without distinct grooves. Enamel pattern essentially as in Spalax kirgisorum; posterior upper molar with no reentrant enamel fold on inner side, posterior lower molar with a deep fold on each side. Skull broad and robust, without special elongation of rostrum. Color. In color the type resembles that of Spalax dolbrogece so closely as to require no special description. In two half grown young the mouse-gray of the muzzle is extended back over most of head, while in an old, much abraded male the light tips of the hairs are so much worn away that the whole animal is a dirty plumbeous brown. Skull. The skull of an old male with much worn teeth rather closely resembles that of Spalax dolbrogece, but is not as large. The more notice able details of form in which it differs from the Dobrudschan animal are as follows: The rostrum is not distinctly swollen at roots of incisors; the anterior zygomatic roots flare less abruptly; the posterior margin of ant- orbital foramen is extended further backward, so that the foramen appears larger when skull is viewed from above; the anterior outline of the frontals is conspicuously angular-emarginate ; the parietal is rhomboid, its length under lambdoid crest nearly double that of anterior margin; the basioccipital is narrower in proportion to its length; the tubular portion of the audital bulla is better developed. In the type the same characters are apparent, except that the interparietal is wider along anterior suture. Teeth. Enamel pattern of molars similar to that of Spalax kirgisorum as figured and described by Nehring,* but with angles less sharp-pointed. First upper molar with well developed reentrant fold on inner side and two rather deeper folds on the outer side, the inner and the anterior outer almost meeting. Second upper molar with a deep fold on each side and a large enamel island opposite point of inner fold. Third upper molar entire on inner side, cut on outer side by two reentrant folds, of which the anterior is minute and inconspicious, the posterior deep and provided with a short posterior and long anterior curved off-shoot, the two off-shoots together forming a crescent parallel with inner edge of tooth: Each lower molar has a single deep reentrant fold on outer side. The first has two folds on inner side, the outer abruptly bent forward, the posterior slightly curved backward. The second has one reentrant angle on inner side. The third is provided with a deep anterior and a minute posterior fold. A large enamel island lies in posterior loop of second lower molar. Anterior faces of incisors finely roughened by minute, irregular, longitudinal folds. They show no trace of definite grooves, but the Tolds tend to form barely perceptible longitudinal ridges, three or four in number. Measurements. External measurements of type (from skin): Head and body, 130; hind foot, 24 (21). External measurements of old male from type locality: Head and body, 190; hind foot, 28 (24). *Sitz.-Ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1897, p. 177, fig. 4 (p. 175). 164 Miller Descriptions of Two New Mole fiats. Cranial measurements of type: Greatest length, (49*); basal length. (44.4); basilar length, (40.4); occipito-nasal length (from inion). 30.4 (39); palatal length, 22 (29.4); diastema, 12 (17); length of nasals, 15 (20); breadth of both nasals together anteriorly, 5.2 (6.8); breadth of both nasals together posteriorly, 1.8 (2.8); greatest breadth of rostrum. 7.4 (10); zygomatic breadth, 27.2(35); mastoid breadth, 22 (26); least interorbital breadth, 7 (6.4); palatal breadth between middle molars, 1.8 (2.4); depth at middle of palate, 13.4 (18.8); least depth of rostrum be hind incisors, 5 (7); mandible from condyle, 24.8 (31) ; mandible from root of incisor, 24.6 (30); depth of mandible through coronoid process, 12.8 (17.6); upper molars, alveoli, 7.8 (8); upper molars, crowns, 8 (7); width of second upper molar (crown), 2.2 (2.8); lower molars, alveoli, 7.6 (7); lower molars, crowns, 6.4 (7); width of upper incisor at alveolus, 1.8 (2.6); width of lower incisor at alveolus, 1.8 (2.6). /Specimens examined. Four, all from the vicinity of Beyrout. Remarks. In dental characters this species appears to be much like 8palax kirgisorum, an animal from which it differs very conspicuously in the large size and robust form of the skull. From its near geographic- allies, Spalax ehrenbergi and Spalax intermedms it is also readily distin guishable ; from the former by the absence of a reentrant fold on the inner side of the third upper molar and by the presence cf only one fold on inner side of middle lower tooth ; from the latter by the longer parie- tals (7 mm. instead of 5 mm. along sagittal crest), and by the absence of distinct grooves on the face of the incisor teeth. * Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult male (much older than the type) from the same locality (No. VOL. XVI, pp. 165-166 NOVEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A SECOND SPECIMEN OF EUDERMA MACULATUM. BY GERRIT S. MILLER, JR. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] One of the most remarkable of North American bats, the huge- eared, black-and-white Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen), was wholly unknown before 1890, and, after its discovery, it eluded detection again for thirteen years. The original specimen, now in the American Museum of Natural History, was captured by Mr. Thomas Shooter, on a fence at the mouth of Castac Creek, near Piru, Ventura County, California, in March, 1890. It remained unique un til a second individual was found dead in the Biological Laboratory of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, at Mesilla Park, New Mexico, in Septem ber, 1903. This specimen, correctly identified, was pre sented to the United States National Museum, by Professor E. O. Wooton. It is an adult male preserved in alcohol, and bears the number 122,545. The history of this species is a 42 PBOC. Biou Soc. WASH. Voi* XVI, 1903. (165) FIG. 1. Skull of Euderma maculatum 1 66 Miller ~ Specimen of Euderma Maculatum. striking illustration of the uncertainty that attends the study of bats. The animal occurs in a region that has recently been the field of the most systematic biological explorations ever carried on in any country, yet only two individuals have been taken, and both of these were procured by persons not specially interested in mammals. All that trained collectors have added in more than a decade to our knowledge of Euderma is the vague second hand report that the Vegas Valley, Nevada, is visited during hot weather by a large bat with jackass ears and white shoulder stripes.* Through the kindness of Dr. J. A. Allen, I have been enabled to compare the Mesilla Park specimen with the type. In every way the individuals closely agree, even to minute details of size. The measurements of the two are as follows, those of the type in parenthesis: Total length, 107 (110); head and body, 60 (60); tail, 47 (50); tibia, 19.6 (21); foot, 9.8 (9); forearm, 49.6 (50); thumb, 9 (6.8); second digit, 42 ( ); 'third digit, 86 (91); fourth digit, 72 (76.2); fifth digit, 64 (67.3); ear from meatus, 41 (34); ear from crown, 43 ( ); width of ear, 25 (22); tragus, 14 (13); greatest width of tragus, 5 (5); skull, greatest length, 18.8 (19); basal length, 18; basilar length 16 (16.5); zygomatic breadth, 10.4 (10.9); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 9.4; greatest diameter of audital bulla, 5.8 (5.8); mandible, 12.6 (12.7); maxillary toothrow, exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 6; maxillary toothrow, including incisors (alveoli), 6.8 (6.8); mandibular toothrow, exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 6.4; niandibular toothrow, including incisors (alveoli), 7.2 (7.6). The species has been so thoroughly described that there appear to be no further important characters to note. The skull, how ever, has never before been figured, and that of the type is lost. *North American Fauna, No. 13, p. 49. October 16, 1897. VOL. XVI, PP. 167-170 NOVEMBER 30, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DIAGNOSES OF NINE NEW FORMS OF AMERICAN BIRDS. v BY ROBERT RIDGWAY. [By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] The following new forms are included in Part III of "Birds of North and Middle America" and are additional to those al ready published in these "Proceedings," pages 105 to 111, Sep tember 30, 1903. Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus, new subspecies. Similar to T. p. pleurostictus but smaller, color of back, etc., m9re ru- fescent, secondaries less distinctly barred, and median underparts more broadly white. Western Nicaragua; western Costa Rica? Type, No. 89,701, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male; San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, January 17, 1883; C. C. Nutting. Thryophilus modestus pullus, new subspecies. Similar to T. m. modestus but darker and browner. State of Chiapas, southern Mexico; Guatemala. 43-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. (167) 168 Ridgway New Forms of American Birds. Type, No. 142,928, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male; Huehuetan, Chiapas, February 29, 1896; Nelson and Gold man. Salpinctes obsoletus notius, new subspecies. Similar to 8. o. obsoletus but smaller, with larger bill and feet. Southern Mexico. Type, No. 142,868, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey Collection), adult male; Tlalpam, Federal District, Mexico, December 8, 1892; E. W. Nelson. Henicorhina leucophrys castanea, new subspecies. Similar to H. 1. cottina (Bangs) but back darker chestnut, flanks brighter chestnut, and bill smaller (exposed culmen 13.5 instead of 14.5-16). Eastern Guatemala. Type, No. 39,563, Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Lawrence Collection); Guatemala. Henicorhina leucophrys berlepschi, new subspecies. Similar to H. I. leucophrys but pileum sooty brown with black lateral margin, instead of black slightly washed with sooty medially; black postocular stripe narrower. Western Ecuador (Chimbo; Pedregal). Type in Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Chimbo, western Ecuador, No vember, 1882; F. de Siemiradzki. ^Henicorhina hilaris Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, 284, part (specimen from Pedregal). = Henicorhina leucophrys (not Troglodytes leucophrys Tschudi) Ber lepsch and Taczauowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 539 (Chimbo, western Ecuador; crit.). Henicorhina hilaris bangsi, new subspecies. Similar to H. h. anachoreta (Bangs) but darker and duller brown above, the pileum and hindrieck sooty brown instead of olive; tail darker brown, more narrowly and less regularly barred with dusky; bill larger (exposed culmen 14-16, instead of 12.5-14). Mountains of Santa Marta, Colombia, 3000-8000 ft. altitude. Type, No. 163,791, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male; San Francisco, Province of Santa Marta, Colombia, June 1, 1898; W. W. Brown, Jr. (Received from Outram Bangs.) Ridgway New Forms of American Birds. 169 T=HenicorMna leucophrys (not Troglodytes leucophrys Tschudi) : Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, 1898, 160, 181 (Pueblo Viejo, San Francisco, Palomina, and San Miguel, Colombia); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, I, 1899, 83, 84 (crit.; descr.). Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1900, 180 (Valparaiso and El Libano, Colombia). Cistothorus polyglottus lucidus, new subspecies. Similar to C. p. elegans but coloration brighter, more rufescent; adults with white streaks on back broader, more purely white; young with general color more strongly rufescent (the rump and upper tail-coverts dull russet or cinnamon instead of wood brown, the sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts cinnamon or deep buffy cinnamon, instead of pale wood brown) ; tail larger. Isthmus of Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui). Type, No. 8624, Coll. E. A. and O. Bangs; adult male, Boquete, Chiri qui, Panama, April 25, 1901; W. W. Brown, Jr. = Cistothorus polyglottus elegans (not C. elegans Sclater and Salvin) Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, III, 1902, 53 (Boquete). Salpinctes obsoletus exsul, new subspecies. Similar to 8. o. pulverius Grinnell but coloration darker; differing from S. o. obsoletus in having lateral rectrices more extensively barred with cinnamon-buff, shorter wing, longer tail, and larger feet. San Benedicto Island, western Mexico. Type, No. 117,502, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, San Benedicto Island, Revillagigedo group, western Mexico, March 10, 1889; C. H. Townsend. Salpinctes tnaculatus, new subspecies. Similar to S.fatciatus Salvin and Godman but flanks barred with dark brown, instead of black, the bars narrower. Northern Guatemala. Type, No. 150,904, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. f adult male; Toyabaj, De partment of Quich6, northern Guatemala, May 7, 1892; Heyde and Lux. . X\H, PP. 171-176 BECENSBER 31, 1903 PROCEEDINGS OK TCTO BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS FROM THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, CALIFORNIA, BY WILLIAM HEALEY.DALK Daring the past summer Mr. Herbert N. Lowe and Mr. John H. Paine, with the aid of a gasoline launch, did some dredging in the Santa Barbara Channel near . Avalon, Catalina Island, The depth of water was from 40 to 60 fathoms. The result of this work, by two enthusiastic young -collectors* has been very interesting, two genera not before known to in habit the coast having been discovered, represented by two species, both new, one of which, Metzyeria californica, has al ready been described elsewhere by the writer. The following species, from among those sent to the writer for identification, appear to be new, and diagnoses of them are now provided. The presence of so many novelties gives some idea of the richness of the molluscan fauna of this region, and indicates that many more forms probably remain to be discov ered in the same vicinity. When not otherwise stated the locality is as above mentioned, and all except Mitra dolor osa^ are represented in the collection of the gentlemen named. Mrs. Lydia Emerson Fancher and Mrs. Lillie J. Sawin as sisted in the search for mollusks and at the request of Mr. Paine two of the species have been named in honor of these ladies. 44 PHOC. Biou Soa WASH. VOL. XVI, 1903. a. An terior margin rising just back of the humeral angles and extending from there half way to the apex of the pronotum. The height is about equal to the whole length and it rounds down to the pronotum proper at both extremities. Front much elevated above the level of the eyes so that the ocelli are farther from the base of front than from each other. Color. Yellow with the punctures fuscous, sometimes coalescing into brownish fuscous spots giving the whole insect an irrorate and mottled appearance with little regularity of pattern, Usually there is a semicir cle of lighter shade back of the humeral angles and a light spot on middle of hump. There is a pair of large straggling black marks above and within the eyes, some brown on the inner nervures of corium, and a smoky brown cloud at apex. Described from six specimens collected by the author at Ames, Iowa, and one from Onaga, Kansas (F. F. Crevecoeur). This species occurs on the elm, both larvae and adults being found in the crevices of the bark Sail Descriptions of New Tree Hoppers. 179 df the trunk or large branches, where their mottled gray color renders them very difficult to detect. Tclamona extrema, sp. nov. Plate I, figs. 1, la, and Ib. Form of unicolor nearly, smaller and with a still longer hump. Greenish testaceous. Length 9 10mm., $ 9mm.; width 5 mm. Pronotal hump very high, almost quadrate, occupying the anterior three-fifths of pronotum, anterior margin rising perpendicularly from face, crest highest just back of the well-rounded anterior angl from which it slopes slightly to the almost perpendicular posterior face. Humeral angles moderate, as long as the eyes. Color. Greenish testacious; a spot above each eye and the median carina back to the posterior angle of hump fuscous; posterior face of hump broadly marked with creamy white which narrows to a line on the carina posteriorly in the female, and disappears entirely in the male. The lower margin of the humeral angles is sometimes marked with fus cous. Described from two females collected by the author at Anres, Iowa, and a pair collected in Marion County, Kansas, by F. M. McElfresh. The two Ames specimens were beaten from a patch of second growth oak. Telamona lugubris, sp. nov. Form of redwata nearly, slightly shorter and stouter built and with a lower and longer hump and lacking the markings of that species. Ob scurely greenish brown. Length 9 11mm, $ 9.5mm; width 5.5 mm. Dorsal hump of moderate size, arising just back of lateral angles; an terior margin sloping back, forming a right angle with tl?e inclined crest, posterior margin perpendicular or slightly overhanging. Base of hump occupying a little over two-fifths of distance from humeral anglei to apex of pronotum. Humeral angles blunt and obtuse, about two- thirds as long as the eye. Color. Pale yellow, the more or less darkened punctures giving the insect a general grayish cast with still darker shad ings on the lateral faces of the hump and sometimes on the apex of pronotum. Described from six specimens from Ames, Iowa, collected by tha author, and one from Onaga, Kansas, collected by F. F. Crevecoenr. The larva of this species was found quite commonly on the trunks of the scrub oak, feeding on the little sprouts and hiding in the crevices of the bark. The adults were found on the small limb*. Telamona decorata, sp. nov. Plate I, figs. 6, and Ca. Smaller than lugubri*, with a shorter and more rounding hump. Yel lowish fusoous with the hump deep testaceous brown. Length 9 mm., width 4.5 mm. 180 Ball Descriptions of New Tree Hoppers* Dorsal hump sloping up from both front and rear, crest rounding highest just in front of the middle, hump occupying scarcely two-fifths of the pronotum from the humeral angles back. Humeral angles short and blunt, about two-thirds the length of the eye. Color. Face and pronotum pale yellow very slightly washed with brown in the female, and with a definite brown shade in the male, median carina alternately light and dark before the hump. Hump rich testa ceous with a few light spots on the sides, a definite light mark at the base in front, which may extend up onto the carina, and the whole pos terior margin light. This latter light spot extends down on to the pro notum and connects with an irregular transverse light band about half way to aptr. Each side of this band is an irregular testaceous band, the anterior one connected with the testaceous hump. A pair of spots above the eyes and the apex of elytra brownish fuscous, 1 : Described from six specimens from Ames, Iowa, collected by the author, one from Onaga, Kansas (Crevecoeur), and a pair from Arkansas (McElfresh). The Iowa specimens were all taken from the smaller 'branches of the red oak. Telamona compacts, sp. nov. Plate I, figs. 5, and 5a. A small, compact, testaceous-and white species with a low almost quad rangular hump. Length 8-9 mm.; width 4.3 mm. , Dorsal hump sloping up from.above the humeral angles, highest just back of the rounding'ariterior angles, crest straight or nearly so, sloping posteriorly, the .posterior margin very slightly sloping and subangulate with the 'crest. Hump extending slightly more than half the distance from file 'Numeral 'angles to the' very short' and 'blunt apex. Humeral angles short .and blunt, about (wp-thirds the length of the eye. Color.. ftich testaceous mariiea l< with creamy wh'ite, as follows: a num ber of small spots Jusfaboyert-lie face, an angular or stellate spot in front of the hump,! 't^e posterior tnargin| of hump 'and a transverse band half way between there arid apex_6f pronotum. Usually a spot or two on lateral face of hump and one on margin below hump. Elytra smoky testaceous with a hyaline band across the base of the apical cells. Described from a pair from Ames, Iowa,, collected by the author, and two females from Arkansas collected by F. M/feElfresh'. .The pai? from Iowa were taken from a patch of mixed oaks. ."' : '>S ;:;,<;'>. telamona ehrhorni, sp. nov. Plate I, figs. 4 ! ,'ancl 4a'. " Form of aVnwdtfa n'early but smaller. Dark fuscous brown prettily 'or namented with light: 'Length J^ 8 mm.; width 4.5 mm. Dorsal hump long, rather high, rising on a line with the humeral angles, anterior margin, straight, inclined. backwards, crest roundingly angled in front, sloping posteriorly, slightly emarginate on the posterior half. Pos terior margin short, inclined, rounding'to th pronotum. Hump occupy ing nearly three-fifths of the distance from the humeral angle to apex of pronotum. JBall Descriptions of New Tree Hoppers* 181 Color. Deep brownish fuscous, face and lower margin of pronotum mottled with creamy yellow, a reniform yellow mark with a dark center in front of the hump, a large yellow crescent on each side extending from the middle of the humeral angle nearly half way to the apex and enclos ing a few irregular dark spots, an inverted crescentic line extends from a point below the middle of crest. The posterior face of hump is light and this light area connects posteriorly with a transverse light band. Described from one male taken at Flagstaff, Arizona, by E. M. Ehr- horn, who is doing good work in the scale insects, and who has sent me many fine Homoptera from lower California, Telatnona pulchella, sp. nov, Plate I, figs, 9 and 9a. Resembling coryli but much smaller and with a lower, longer hump. Length 5.5-0 mm.; width nearly 4 mm. Dorsal hump arising in front of the lateral angles but still back of the face and pronotal line, anterior face perpendicular, crest slightly sloping posteriorly, both angles slightly rounding, posterior margin sloping and rounding into a very marked carina on the apical portion of pronotum. Besides this there are three well marked lateral carinse on the posterior half of the pronotum. Humeral angles long and acute, nearly twice as long as the eye. Color. Pale creamy yellow, the lateral angles pale testaceous, the lower margin lined with white which is again margined internally with black. Hump testaceous, omitting the lower half of each margin and an irregular light stripe on the median third. This stripe usually nar rows on the middle and then expands into a crescent below. The testa ceous on the posterior part of hump extends down io the margin of pronotum and there are a few irregular markings towards the apex. Described from three specimens collected by the author in southern Colorado. Taken on the scrub oaks of the foot hills. Telamona brevis, sp. nov. Plate I, figs. 8 and 8a. Form of obsoleta nearly, much smaller and shorter. Smaller and darker than pulchella, dark fuscous brown mottled with pale. Length 5 mm.; width nearly 3 mm, < Dorsal crest low, rounding from the anterior margin of pronotum to * point more than half way back from the humeral angles, from here it slopes quickly into the curve of the pronotum. Humeral angles large, stout, half longer than eye. Color. Fuscous brown, variable, hump darker, omitting the posterior margin and a crescent on each side. An oblique band runs down from the posterior half of hump to the lower margin of pronotum. Described from three females collected by the author in southern Colorado. Taken from oak along with the preceding species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. PIG. 1. Telamona exttema sp. nov., lateral view. la. Anterior view? Ib. Dorsal view. FIG. 2. Telamona obsokta sp. nov., lateral view. 2a. Anterior view. FIG. 3. Telamona viridia sp. nov., lateral view. 3a. Anterior view? 36. Dorsal view. FIG. 4. Telamona ehrhorni sp. nov., lateral view. FIG. 5. Telamona compacta sp. nov., lateral view. FIG. 6. Telamona decor ata sp. nov., lateral view. FIG. 7. Telamona pruinosa sp. nov., lateral view. 76. Dorsal view. FIG. 8. Telamona brevis sp. nov., lateral view. 8a. Anterior view. FiV/vW> The Pyramidellidce. 5 Shell marked by strong spiral keels and weak axial riblets Callolongchaeus subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella jamaicensis Dall. Periphery not sulcate Shell marked by strong axial ribs, intercostal spaces strongly spirally striated, aperture auricular Subg. Otopleura Fischer, 1885. Type, Pyramidella auris-cati Chem. Basal cords present Shell marked by strong spiral ridges, moderately strong axial ribs and two basal cords Subg. Triptychus Morch, 1875. Type, Triptychus niteus Morch. A 2 Columellar folds two Shell umbilicated Surface polished, marked by very fine lines of growth and mic roscopic spiral striations Subg. Tiberia Monterosato, 1875. Type, Pyramidella nitldula A. Ads. Surface polished, marked by fine lines of growth and strong spiral striations LJIfa subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella (Ulfa) cossmanni nom. nov. = Syrnola striata Cossmann. Surface marked by strong axial ribs, intercostal spaces spirally pitted; early post-nuclear whorls sculptured differently from the later ones Tropaeas subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella subulata A. Ads. Shell not umbilicated Surface polished, marked by very faint lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations Basal fasciole present Vagna subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella paumotensis Tryon. Basal fasciole absent Subg. Eulimella Forbes, 1846. Type, Eulimella crassula Fbs., =E. scillw Scacchi. 6 Dall and JSartsch The Pyramiddlidw. Aperture subquadrate Sect. Eulimella Fbs, ss. Aperture suboval Cossmannica sect. nov. Type, PyramidelUi dandestina Desh. A 3 Columellar fold one Shell umbilicated Surface polished, or with fine lines of growth and microscopic . spiral siriations Peripheral sulcus absent Subg. Orinella nom. nov. Type, Orina pinguicula A. Ads. Peripheral sulcus present Su I co rin el la subg. nov. Type, Pyramidella (Sulcormella) dodo no, sp. nov. Shell not. umbilicated Large, heavy, elongated shells Surface spirally lirate Subg. Actaeopyramis Fischer, 1885. Type, Monoptygma atriata Gray. Slender, medium sized shells Surface polished, marked by fine lines of growth and mi croscopic spiral striations Postnuclear whorls increasing slowly in size at first, then rapidly, lending the shell a mucronate appearance Subg. Styloptygma A. Adams, 1860. Type, Monoptygma sty Una A. Ads. Postnuclear whorls increasing regularly in size Subg. Syrnola A. Adams, 1860. Type, Syrnola gracillima A. Ads. Aperture suboval Sect. Sjrnola A. Adams, s. s. Aperture subquadrate Sect. Stylopsis A. Adams, 1860. Type, Stylopsis typica A. Ads. Surface spirally striated Iphiana subg. nov. Type, Syrnola demistriata Garrett. Surface axially and spirally striated with a strong spiral keel at the summit of the whorls Syrnolina subg. nov. Type, Syrnola rubra Pse. Dall and Bartsch 77ie Pyramidellidce. 1 The status of Agatha viryo A. Adams 1860, [Menestho, 1861, Myoma, 18(51, Am at his 1861], is not known to us. From the meager description we are inclined to believe that it is allied to Act&opyramis Fischer. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF TUKBONILLA. A 1 Shell without basal keel B 1 Ya rices absent Spiral sculpture absent, or if present consisting of micro scopic striations only Surface of the early post-nuclear whorls marked by feeble axial ribs, later ones smooth Subg. Prycheulimella Sacco, 1892. Type, Pyramidella pyramidata Desh. Surface marked by strong axial ribs which terminate at the periphery of the whorls, intercostal spaces ex cavated between the sutures. Subg. C'hemnitzia Orbigny, 1839. Type, Melania campanettce Phil. Surface marked by strong axial ribs and intercostal spaces which extend over the periphery to the umbili cal region Subg. Turbonilla Risso, 1826. Spiral sculpture present, always stronger than microscopic striations C 1 Axial sculpture consisting of well developed ribs Spiral markings consisting of many very fine spiral striations Aperture subquadrate Subg. Strioturbonilla Sacco, 1892. Type, Strioturbonilla alpina Sacco. Aperture suboval Subg. Pyrgolampros Sacco, 1892. Type, Pyrgolampros mioperplicatulus Sacco. Spiral marking absent between the sutures, base strongly spirally lirate Subg. Sulcoturbonilla Sacco, 1892. Type, TornateUa turricula Eichw. Dall and Bartsch The Pyramidellidce. Spiral markings consisting of strong striations Summits of the whorls strongly shouldered Subg. Pyrgisculus Monterosato, 1884. Type, Melanin acalaris Phil. Summits of the whorls not strongly shouldered Subg. Pyrgiscus Philippi, 1S41. Type, Melania rvfa Phil. Spiral markings consisting of one or two strong punctate cords in the intercostal spaces be tween the sutures; whorls slightly shouldered Subg. Pyrgolidium Monterosato, 1884. Type, Pyrgolidium roseum Mont. Spiral markings consisting of one or two strong cords; whorls somewhat overhanging Subg. Tragula Monterosato, 1884. Type, Odostomia fenestrata Fbs. Spiral markings consisting of three to six raised threads between the sutures and lirations on the base; whorls strongly shouldered Subg. Dunkeria Carpenter, 1857. Type, Dunkeria paucilirata Cpr. C 2 Axial sculpture consisting of faint riblets Spiral markings consisting of strong raised threads Subg. Cingulina A. Adams, 1860. Type, Cingulina circinata A. Ads. Spiral sculpture consisting of depressed lirations, sculpture granulose Subg. Saccoina nom. nov. Type, Spica monterosatoi Sacco. C :{ Axial sculpture consisting of lines of growth only Spiral markings consisting of many subequally spaced striations; sculpture finely reticulated Subg. Careliopsis Morch, 1874. Type, Monoptygma ( Careliopsis} sty- liformis Morch. C 4 Axial sculpture absent Spiral markings consisting of a broad strong fold at the summit of the whorls, separated from the rest of the whorl by a deep, broad, rounded sulcus Visma subg. nov. Type, Eulimella tenuis Sby. Dull and JBartsch The Pyramidellidce. 9 /'. B 2 Varices present Surface marked by axial ribs and strong spiral striations Subg. Mormula A. Adams, 1864. Type, Mormula risaoina A. Ads. Surface marked by axial ribs and strong spiral lira- tions, sculpture granulose Subg. Lancella nom. nov. Type, Tarbonilla (Lancea) elongata Pse. A 2 Shell with basal keel Axial sculpture consisting of strong ribs Spiral sculpture absent Asmunda subg. nov. Type. Chemnitzia turrita C. B. Ads. Spiral sculpture present Spiral sculpture consisting of strong ridges Subg. Peristichia Ball, 1889. Type, Peristichia toreta Ball. Spiral sculpture consisting of two tumid ridges one at the periphery the other at the summit of the whorls and many fine striations in the intercostal spaces B ildra subg. nov. Type. Turbonilla (Baldra) archeri sp. nov. Axial sculpture consisting of lines of growth only Spiral sculpture consisting of faint lirations Discobasis Cossmann, 1888. Type, Aciculina demissa Besh. SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF ODOSTOMIA. ; ' A 1 Postnuclear whorls sculptured similarly throughout B 1 Varices absent C 1 Axial ribs present, rounded Spiral markings, when present, consisting of mere micro scopic striations Shell inflated Summit of the whorls slightly shouldered Subg. Elodiamea Be Folin, 1884. Type, Elodia elegans Be Fol. . ' , 10 Doll and Bartsch The PyramidelKdce. Shell not inflated Summit of tlie whoyls not shouldered- S-ubg. Odostomiella Bwcqvioy, Dautzenberg- and Dollfusy 1883. Type 1 , Rixtoa doliolum Phil, Summit of the whorl* tabulate) I Subg. Salassia De Folin, 1885. Type, Salasyia earinata De Fol, Spiral markings- consisting of a strong, broad, raised cotcl at the summit of the whorls, separated from the remain ing part by a strongly impressed spiral groove Vilia smbg. nov. Type, Odofitomia ( Vitia) piMryi s>p. IM>V, Spiral mrrkings consisting of two tumid rfclges, one at the periphery and one at the summit of the whorls> with many striations on the base Folinella subg. nov. Type, Amour a angulifereng De FoL Spiral markings consisting of several to many raised threads in the intercostal spaces, always less strongly developed than the axial ribs Intercostal spaces crossed by equally spaced, raised spiral threads, sculpture reticulated Snbg. Trabecula Monterosato 1884. Type, Odottomia jeffreysiana Monter. Intercostal spaces crossed by several raised spiral threads, base not spirally marked Subg. Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Pollfus, 1883. Type, Turbo interstinctus Montagu. Intercostal spaces crossed by several spiral threads, base spirally striated Bes'a subg. nov. Type, Chrysallida convexa Cpr. Spiral markings consisting of strong, raised threads or cords, equal to, or even stronger than axial ribs Spiral cords equally spaced, and equally well developed between the sutures and on the base; sculpture nodu lose throughout Subg. Mumiola A. Adams, 1864. Type, Monoptygma spirata A . Ads. Dull and Bartsch The Pyramiddlidce. . 11 Spiral cords subequally spaced between the sutures, where the sculpture is nodulose; base spirally lirate And axlaily .striated Subg. Chrysailida Carpenter, 1850. Type, Chemnitzia communis C. B. Ads, Spiral markings consisting of impressed lines Spiral st nations subequally spaced, present between the sutures and on the base of the whorls Subg. Pyrgulina A, Adams, 1864. Type, Chrysullida ccwta A. Ads, Spiral striations on the base only, periphery deeply sul- cated, axial libs extending to the umbilical region Egila subg. nov. Type, Chryxallida lacunata Cpr. Spiral striations on the base only, axial ribs terminat ing at the periphery, which is not sulcated Subg. Spiralinella Chaster, 1901. Type, Turbo tfpiralis Montagu, C 2 Axial ribs present, lamellar Spiral markings lamellar Ribs and spiral lamellae moderately strong, subequally spaced between the sutures and on the base; sculp ture cuspidate Haldra subg. nov. Type, Chrymllida pJuotis Cpr. Ribs and spiral lamellae few, very strong Ividia subg. nov. Type, Parthenia armata Cpr. C 3 Axial ribs present but very feeble, usually only indicated near the summit of the whorls Spiral markings consisting of several strong, broad, tumid cords, one or more of the posterior cords crenulated Subg. Miralda A. Adams, 18G4. Type, Parthenia diadema A. Ads. Spiral markings consisting of many subequally spaced lira- tions Whorls tabulated at the summit Subg. Ivara Dall and Bartsch, 1903. Type, Odoatomia (Ivara} turricula I). & B. 12 Dall and Bartsch The Pyramidellidaz. . Whorls not tabulatPd Evalina subg. nov. Type, Odoxtomia (Evalina) americana sp. nov. C 4 Axial ribs usually reduced to mere lirations, frequently only present between the spiral ridges Spiral markings consisting of moderately well developed cords usually equally spaced and present between the sutures and on the base; axial ribs indicated by faint threads between the spiral sculpture Shell umbilicated Subg. lolaea A. Adams, 1867. Type, lole scitula A. Ads. ; Shell not umbilicated Subg. Menestho Moller, 1842. Type, Turbo albulus Fabr. Spiral markings consisting of strongly raised lamellae; axial ribs indicated by raised threads Subg. Odetta De Folin, 1870. Type, Odortomia (Odetta} callipyrga nom. nov. = Odetta elegans De Fol. C 5 Axial ribs absent; axial sculpture represented by lines of growth only Spiral markings consisting of many, usually subequally and universally distributed impressed lines Shell elongate-conic Subg. Evalea A. Adams, 1860. Type, Evalea elegans A. Ads. .. , Shell short, subglobose , Subg. Oda Monterosato, 1901. Type, Odostomia dolioliformis Jeffr. C 6 Axial sculpture absent, shell polished Spiral markings consisting of two tumid ridges, one at the periphery and the other at the summit of the whorls Subg. CycFodostomia Sacco, 1892. Type, Cyclodostomia mutinensis Sacco. Spiral markings consisting of a more or less conspicuous tumid ridge on the summit of the whorls Subg. Doliella Monterosato, 1880. Type, Odostomia nitens Jeffr. Dall and Bartsch The PyramiddlidcK. 13 Spiral markings consisting of a strong peripheral keel Subg. Scalenostoma Deshaycs, 1803. Type, Scalenovtvmu carinatu Desh. Spiral markings consisting of a peripheral sulcus Subg. Jordaniella Chaster, 1898. Type, Turbo nivosa Montagu. Spiral sculpture absent or indicated only by extremely fine microscopic lines of growth or striae; surface polished Summits of the whorls with a strongly tabulated shoulder Subg. Spiroclimax MCrch, 1874. Type, Spiroclimax tsealari* Morch. Summits of the whorls not tabulated Columellar fold present Peritreme discontinuous, aperture not rissoid Shell inflated, very large Subg. Amaura Holler, 1842. Type, Amaura Candida Moller. Shell not inflated Subg. Odostomia Fleming, 1817. Shell of medium size Sect. Odostomia Fleming, s. s. Type, Turbo plica ta Mont. Shell rather large Sect Stomega nom. nov. Type, Odostomia conspicua Aid. Shell small Sect. Brachystomia Monterosato, 1884. Type, Odoxtomia rissoidea Hani. Peritreme continuous, aperture rissoid Heida subg. nov. Type, Syrnola caloosaemis Dall. Columellar fold obsolete Shell umbilicated Subg. Myxa Hedley, 1903. Type, Myxa exesa Hedley. Shell not umbilicated Peritreme continuous, aperture rissoid Subg. Pseudorissoina Tate and May, 1900. Type, Stilifer tasmanica Ten-Wood. 14 Datt and JBartsch The Pyramidellidce. Peritreme not continuous, aperture not rissoid Subg. Liostomta $. Sars., 1878. Type, Rissoella? eburnea Stimpson. B 2 Varices present Shell smooth, axial sculpture indicated by a few varices, spiral sculpture wanting Subg. Oceanida De Folin, 1870. Type, Oceanida gradata De Fol. A 2 Early postnuclear whorls sculptured differently from the later ones Early post nuclear whorls loosely coiled, plain; later ones closely . coiled with a spiral keel at the periphery and one at the summit of the whorls; base spirally lirate Lysacme subg. nov. Type, Chryxallida dausiliformis Cpr. Early post nuclear whorls axially ribbed, succeeded by one or two strongly spirally and faintly axially lirate whorls; the rest of the whorls are marked by a reticulated sculpture consist ing of raised axial and spiral cords Subg. Obtortio Hedley, 1899. Type, Rissoa pyrrhacme Melville and Standen, 1899. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES THAT ARE TYPES OF SUBGENERA DEFINED IN FOREGOING SYNOPSIS. Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) dodona sp. nov. Shell small, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls one and one- half, smooth, obliquely immersed in the first postnuclear whorl. Post- nuclear whorls flattened, moderately shouldered at the summit, having a strong spiral sulcus at the periphery. Base of the last whorl well rounded and strongly umbilicated. The summits of the whorls fall a little anterior to the peripheral sulcus of the preceding whorl and cause the part of this, exposed between the sulcus and the summit of the next whorl, to appear as a narrow raised spiral band. Entire-surface of the shell crossed by many axial lines of growth and numerous subequal- ly and closely spaced spiral striations. Sutures subchannelled. Aper ture ovate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, columella somewhat curved and reflected having a strong oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. Doll and Bartsch The Pyranridellidce. 15 The type, number 136,023 U. S. National Museum collection, is a fossil, coming- from the Oligocene deposit at Oak Grove, Sta. Rosa Co., Florida. It has six and one-half postnuclear whorls which measure: long., 3.1 mm.; diam., 1.4 mm. Turbonilla (Baldra) archeri sp. nov. Shell small, elongate-conic, turriculated, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, helicoid, about one-fourth immersed in the first post- nuclear whorl, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Postnuclear whorls moderately well rounded, having cuspidat ed tabulated shoulders and a spiral ridge at the summit and the peri phery. Axial ribs prominent, narrow, tlexuose, about one-third as wide as the intercostal spaces, sixteen occur upon the first, eighteen upon the fourth and the penultimate whorls. Intercostal spaces decidedly depressed between the spiral ridges, crossed by many subequally spaced microscopic spiral striations. Suture channelled. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, rendered somewhat crenulated by the axial ribs which extend feebly over the base to the umbilical region. A broad, depressed tumid ridge extends across the anterior half of the base, and the space between the posterior termination of this ridge and the peripheral ridge appears somewhat concave. Entire base finely and closely spirally striated. Aperture suboval, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, angulated at the shoulder and periphery; columella straight, slightly reflected; columellar fold obsolete or internal; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. The type and another specimen are registered as number 58,016 in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. They were collected by S. Archer, at Singapore. The type has seven postnu clear whorls and measures: long., 3.3 mm.; diam., 1.3 mm. Odostomia (Villa) pilsbryi sp. nov. Shell slender, milk white. Nuclear whorls two and one half, helicoid, a little more than one-third immersed in the first postnuclear whorl, having their axis almost at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Postnuclear whorls flattened, or even slightly concave in the middle, be tween the sutures; contracted near the summit, the posterior portion appearing as a strong, rounded, spiral keel, separated from the rest of the whorl by a spiral groove. Axial ribs prominent, scarcely indicated on the spiral keel but beginning strong at the groove in front of the keel and extending to the umbilical region, gradually diminishing in strength from the periphery to the anterior termination. These ribs are broadest and strongest at this posterior boundary, just anterior to the groove and lend the shell a coronated appearance at this place. About sixteen of them appear on the second and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. Periphery and base well rounded. Sutures well impressed. 16 Dall and Bartsch The Pyramidellidce. Aperture subovate, outer lip [fractured], showing five internal, spiral lirations the middle one of which is stronger than the rest; columella short, twisted and revolute, having a strong oblique fold near its insertion. The type is number 58,015 of the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and was collected by 8. Archer at Singapore. It has six and one half postnuclear whorls and measures: long., 2.7 mm.; diam., 1.1 mm. Odostomia (Evalina) americana sp. nov. Shell elongate-conic, subdiaphanous to milk-white. Nuclear whorls quite large, at least two, about three-fourths obliquely immersed. Post- nuclear whorls rather broad between the sutures, well rounded, faintly shouldered at the summit, ornamented with depressed, rounded, rather broad axial ribs about eighteen of which occur upon the second, twenty on the third and eighteen upon the penultimate whorl. The ribs are best developed near the summits of the whorls and scarcely extend to the peri phery. Spiral lirations low, rounded, subequal, about twelve occur be tween the sutures upon the third and the penultimate whorls. These spiral lirations like the axial ribs appear strongest near the summits of the whorls. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter ornamented by about eleven lirations which are similar in character to those between the sutures but much less strongly expressed. Aperture rather broad, suboval, somewhat effuse anteriorly, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin; columella short, somewhat curved, strongly revolute an teriorly, having a weak oblique fold near its insertion. The type, No. 168,718 U. S. National Museum collection, and nine specimens come from San Pedro, California. It has five postnuclear whorls and measures: long., 2.9mm.; diam., 1.3mm. Another specimen, 168,719, comes from San Diego, and two others, No. 168,720, from Sta. Catalina Id., California. Ten were determined for Mrs. Oldroyd from San Pedro. VOL. XVII, PP. 17-20 FEBRUARY 5, I9C4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW LIZARD FROM THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY, TEXAS. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER. {By permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.] During the various collecting trips made by the field natur alists of the Biological Survey into western Texas, a series of lizards belonging to the genus Sceloporus were collected, which clearly belong to an undescribed species. It forms part of the small section of the genus characterized by the minuteness of the lateral scales, of which, thus far, only two species have been taken within the United States, viz., S. variabili-s and S. couchii. I wish to associate with this very distinct species the name of the originator and chief of the Biological Survey, who has done such an immense work in increasing our knowledge of our vertebrate fauna, Sceloporus merriami sp. nov. Diagnosis. Lateral scales minute, granular; 55 to 56 femoral pores in a continuous series across the preanal region; 56 to 66 scales between the shielded part of the head and the base of the tail; 14 to 18 dorsal scales corresponding to the shielded part of the head; head shields smooth. Habitat. Rio Grande Valley, western Texas. Type. United States National Museum, No. 33,039; East Painted Cave, 2 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH, VOL. XVII, 1904. (17) 18 Ftejneger A New Lizard from Texas. near mouth of Pecos River, Texas, September 2, 1890; W. Lloyd, col lector, U. S. Biological Survey. Description. Type: Adult male. Head-shields smooth; two canthal scales, between the posterior of which three larger prefrontal shields across the snout; frontal shield divided transversely; posterior frontal separated from interparietal and parietals by two pentagonal frbnto- parietals which are broadly in contact; interparietal larger than the two parietals together, trapezoid, the width anteriorly somewhat less than posteriorly, the length equalling the greatestwidth; five large transverse supraorbitals separated from the frontals and parietals by a single series of small scales, and from the superciliaries by a double series; six supra- labials, separated from the nasal and from the long subocular by a single series of scales, fourth supralabial under the center of the eye; about five elongate pointed scales at anterior border of ear-opening; dorsal scales small, though nearly twice as large as the ventrals, rounded behind, keeled, forming nearly parallel longitudinal lines; 61 scales along the middle line of the back from the shielded part of the head to the base of the tail; 14 scales in the middle of the back corresponding to the shielded part of the head; lateral scales, including abroad area above the foreleg, minute, granular, in strong contrast to the dorsal and ventral scales; ven tral scales smaller than dorsals, smooth, often deeply nicked; scales on throat as large as ventrals, those across the lower neck even larger, more pointed and with the terminal portion more free; sides of neck with strong longitudinal folds joining posteriorly an oblique fold in front of the shoulder, which meets the one of the other side across the lower neck; about 114 scales (and lateral granules) round the middle of the body; adpressed fore limb reaches the groin; adpressed hind limb reaches the center of the eye; tibia a trifle shorter than distance from tip of snout to ear-opening 1 ; scales covering upper side of limbs larger than the dorsals, especially those on tibia, each with strong keel ending in a point; 51 femoral pores in a nearly continuous line across the preanal region, only one scale interrupting the series on the middle line; tail covered with keeled scales larger than dorsals, sharply mucronate; well- developed postanal plates. Color (in alcohol) above, very pale clay color with ill-defined obscure dusky spots on the median portion of the back, and numerous, closely set, whitish dots which are most plainly seen above the insertion of the foreleg; a vertical, narrow, bluish-black line, bordered posteriorly with white, in front of the insertion of the foreleg; underside, white; the throat with indistinct, pale bluish-gray lines and a somewhat ill-defined, large, bluish-black, horseshoe-shaped spot on the lower neck; sides of belly pale blue, with a broad crescentic inner edge of bluish-black leav ing only about four scale rows on the middle line of the belly white. Dimensions. Total length, 130 mm; tip of snout to vent, 55; tip of snout to ear, 13; width of head, 11; fore leg, 28; hind leg, 42. Variation. The scutellation is fairly constant in the series of eight specimens examined by me. The head shields show some variation in the size and number of those covering the snout, but otherwise they aresur- Stejneger A New Lizard from Texas. 19 prisingly uniform, especially the three large prefrontals, the frontals, fronto-parietals and interparietals. In one specimen, No. 33,040, the an terior frontal is semi-divided longitudinally, and in a few there is an extra fron to-parietal due to the division of the fronto-parietal or the separation of the anterior portion of the parietal. The fold across the fore neck is very variable, mostly absent or merely indicated. The variation of propor tion and size of scales, femoral pores, etc., will be seen from the sub joined table, but it should be remarked that the great diversity in the scales round the middle of the body is probably due to the difficulty in exactly counting the lateral granules. The males have well-developed postanal scutes which are lacking in the females. The variation in color is chiefly confined to the degree of distinctness of the dusky markings above. Thus, No. 33,035 has several series of blackish dorsal spots edged behind with smaller whitish spots; leg, (in cluding digits) arid tail, are cross-barred with dusky; there is also a well-marked dusky vertical line from eye to edge of lip and a less dis tinct line between eye and ear. From this specimen there is a complete gradation to the nearly uniform color of the type. There are no indi cations of longitudinal pale bands on the back, or of any dark band on the sides. The females lack the blue, black-edged side patch underneath, and also the horseshoe mark on the fore neck; but there are faint bluish marblings on the throat, and the vertical blackish mark in front of the shoulder is indicated. ilabitat. Thus far only found in the Rio Grande Valley from the mouth of Pecos River to Boquillas. This species, therefore, seems re stricted to the Rio Grande Canon. Remark*. This exceedingly distinct species needs no detailed com parison with other species of this difficult genus. By its continuous line of femoral pores across the preanal region it recalls Sceloporus scalaris, but the latter has large lateral scales and is also otherwise very dif ferent. The species to which this novelty is most nearly related is prob- Sceloporus couchii, in which the femoral pores, however, are restricted to the thighs, but the relationship is not near enough to make any further comparison necessary, It will be noted that the type is described as having a distinct cross- fold under the neck, which is the character attributed by Cope to his genus Lysoptychus, based on a single specimen, from southern Texas. This character is absolutely valueless, as it is absent in most of the specimens, and there is nothing else to separate them from the genus Sceloporus, As a matter of fact Cope's LysoptycJius laternlis is nothing but a specimen of Sceloporus couchii, with the types of which I have carefully compared it. I may here correct a mistake in the original description of the latter (Proc. Phila. Acad., 1858, p. 254), in which the number of femoral pores is given as 25. In none of the type speci mens (8) is there more than 19 pores on one side. The number varies in the lot between 15-15 and 18-19. 20 Stejneger A New /Azard from Texas. 1 co co 55 1 1 * 1 05 I CO CO 1 25 r? +o p P P P Q^ _, X p +o ^ 1 1 8 1 = : i r . 5' CD -P o o o V. 1 Boquillas, Texas. Comstock, Texas. ' e o p_ I CD GO GO GO CD CD CD GO CD g P g 00 00 OC OO 8 QC O i to os CD" "~ o ^ D p. = s : : p. o cc CD* O | n CC . v- 1 | p Cn 4- en cn co Oi en to en c CO ' Snout to vent. I* to i to O t ' en Shield part of head. en CO 1 CO en p en to 11 to en Snout to ear-opening. t CO 10 CO en en en CO to CO Tibia M OS -3 ;-3 OS en en OS rf^ 3 Fourth toe from base of fifth. g OS OS OS i * O O g Scales, occip. to tail. ^ ^ OS WJ 05 en 00 Scales in head-length. Cn i i i i 1 Scales round middle. 1 to to to en os cs to to to JO Cn ? 1 Femoral pores. VOL. XVII, PP. 21-50 MARCH 10, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MAINLAND SPECIES OF MYIARCHUS. BY E. W. NELSON. The present paper covers all of the species and subspecies of Myiarchus known to occur on the mainland of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama. In addition I have included the birds of Cozumel Island near the coast of Yucatan, and the Tres Marias Islands off the coast of Tepic, western Mexico. The recently accumulated material in this group, especially the Mexican series in the Biological Survey collection, serves to throw much light upon the characters, relationships and distribution of several obscurely known species. In addition to the large series of specimens available in the Biological Sur vey and National Museum collections, Mr. William Brewster and Mr. Outram Bangs have kindly sent me material from their collections that has been of great value in filling gaps and enabling me to reach definite conclusions in some otherwise ob scure questions. The genus Myiarchus appears to reach its greatest develop ment in the American tropics, including the West Indies, with a limited number of forms ranging well up into temperate North America. These most northerly representatives of the genus are cinerascens which reaches the northern border of the Upper Sonoran zone on the west coast in Oregon, and crinitus 3 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (21) 22 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. which crosses the Transition zone of eastern America to south ern Gtinada and New Brunswick. M. laicrencei and its sub species is the most widely distributed of the North American species, with a breeding range, extending from the Isthmus of Panama to southern Arizona and the Tres Marias Islands. The species of most limited distribution is probably M. yucatanen- sis, found only on the peninsula of Yucatan and on Cozumel Island. The North American species of Myiarchus appear to have but one moult a year and this occurs immediately following the breeding season, from August to September or perhaps October. The birds are much darker or more richly colored for a short period following the assumption of the new plumage than at any other period. This extreme intensity of coloration quickly passes into a duller condition which continues with but little change through the winter months. In spring the colors grad ually fade or become bleached by the sun until in the breeding season the original shades of greenish, olive and gray of the back and the yellow of the under parts are almost lost in the dingy browns and yellows of the frayed plumage. The upper parts especially bleach to a dingy grayish brown so nearly alike in several species that there is but little color difference be tween summer specimens, and identification of birds in this condition depends largely on size and tail pattern. This condi tion becomes most marked in species living under the brilliant sun of the Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical regions and is much less noticeable in species like crinitus which live in regions of greater humidity and cloudiness. The general resemblance in color between many of the sub species and even between some of the species would render a description of faded spring or summer birds misleading in the apparent uniformity of coloration, while the most richly colored condition that is found immediately after the moult in late summer or fall is so evanescent that it can scarcely stand to represent the average characters. For this reason in the fol lowing descriptions I have taken, when available, the unworn winter birds which represent the typical colors of the various species from soon after the fall moult until the wear and fading of the spring and summer begin to destroy the distinctive shades of color. I have designated this as the 'fresh' plumage. In Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 23 some specimens the winter condition of the colors remains until late in spring or early summer, but ordinarily they are much faded at this season. The sexes are alike in color, but the fe males are usually smaller than the males, as shown by the meas urements. In most of the published descriptions of the rufous-tailed species described in the present paper, little or no range of va riation in distribution of the dusky pattern on the tail feathers has been mentioned. This has given the erroneous impression that these markings are rather constant and has led to the iden tification of female individuals of cinerascens from Arizona as nuttingi. By the examination of several hundred specimens of the various species it has been demonstrated that the dusky pat tern on the inner webs of the outer. tail feathers (and to a simi lar degree on the inner tail feathers) of cinerascens^ mexicanus, crinitus, and nuttingi with their subspecies have a wide range of variation in extent, though usually preserving a character istic outline, although at times this also disappears. Thus we have the dusky area practically gone on the inner web of the outer tail feather of some of the females of cinerascens, pro ducing a pattern exactly as in nuttingi. One specimen of otherwise typical cinerascens from Guanajuato has the dusky line along the shaft as in typical inquietus, and a specimen of nuttingi from Honduras has the dusky shaft line of inquietus. M. crinitus may or may not have a dusky shaft line on inner web, while in mexicanus this line varies greatly in width. The rufous border to inner webs of tail feathers in yucatanensis also varies much in width and may or may not be present on the outer feather. The considerable amount of individual varia tion thus shown renders it difficult to make a key that is ser viceable in identifying more than average specimens of some species. In the cases of cinerascens and nuttingi the differences in dimensions are decisive and almost equally diagonostic between these two and inquietus. The first plumage of the young in all of the species is char acterized by a much greater amount of rufous on the wings and tail than in the adult. This is especially marked on the tail, in which the characteristic dusky pattern of the adult is not ap parent. The extension of the rufous on the tail usually includes 24 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. d FIG. 1. Outer tail feathers of American Mainland Myiarchus. a. Myiarchus cinerascens. c. Myiarchus n. inquietus. b. Myiarchus nuttingi. d. Myiarchus mexicanus. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 25 both middle and outer pair of feathers and effects a generalized pattern. Even the young of M. nigriceps which is without rufous in the adult plumage has it strongly marked on the wings and tail of the young. Among the great number of winter specimens examined I have not found a single individual in this tirst plumage, so it appears that the young moult this plumage within a short time and assume the dress of the adult. It is with some hesitation that I add further to the discussion concerning the application of Kaup's Tyrannula mexicana and T. cooperi, a matter which has already been the subject of much difference of opinion; but the case appears to be still unsettled, and my notes may help toward its definite determination. In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1851, p. 51, Kaup described two species of Myiurckus in such a brief and unsatisfactory manner that the application of his names has given rise to much controversy. From recent study of the matter it appears to me that Prof. Baird was right in his disposal of the names (Birds of North America, 1858, p. 180) and that their present use by American ornithologists is wrong. The matter cannot be absolutely settled until Kaup's types are examined, but the present evidence in support of Prof. Baird's conclusions are of interest. He recognized Kaup's error in applying Nuttall's Musicapa cooperi (= Tyran nula cooperi Kaup, a synonym of Nuttallornis borealis), to a Myiarchus, and then proceeded to make a new use of the name (loc. cit.), describing in detail as Myiarchus cooperi a specimen from "Mexico" (No. 9100 U. S. National Museum). Baird's type is still in the Museum collection and is the bird from eastern Mexico and the Rio Grande Valley commonly known to ornithologists as Myiorchus mexicanus mexicanus. In case, as I believe, the latter name belongs elsewhere, then Baird's name cooperi becomes available for this species. Baird identified Kaup's Tyrannula mexicana as Lawrence's Tyrannula cineras- cens (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., V., Sept. 1851, p. 121) and gave it priority over the latter name on the strength of the dates on which the two papers were read; Kaup's paper having been read on February 11, 1851 and Lawrence's in September, 1851. According to Sclater (P. Z. S., 1893, p. 439) the part of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society containing Kaup's 26 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. paper was not actually published until October 28, 1852, while the American Journal of Sciences and Arts, 2d Series, XIII, No. 38, p. 303 for March, 1852, contains a notice of Lawrence's paper, thus giving cinerascens at least six months priority. The reasons for believing that Kaup's mexicana is the same as cinerascens are as follows: Kaup states that the type of T. mexicana was sent from Mexico by Mr. Wollweber but men tions no definite locality. Mr. Wollweber sent various birds to the Darmstadt Museum in addition to the type of mexicana, among which were the types of Pitanyus derbiarnis and Parus wollweberi both of which were recorded from Zacatecas. I have seen no other locality mentioned for any of Wollweber's specimens and it is not unreasonable to suppose the type of mexicana came from the same district. Zacatecas lies on the west side of the Mexican tableland remote from the range of the so-called M. mexicanus mexicanus of eastern Mexico, but within the range of cinerascens which is common in parts of this State. Furthermore Kaup, in his description of T. c&operi, says, "with shorter wings than mexicanus but with longer bill like crinita, throat and over breast light gray," and mentions the broad black stripe along inner web of outer tail feathers, all of which applies to the bird we now call mexicanus. In the description of mexicana he says, "breast light ash-gray; above lighter," which is certainly applicable to cinerascens. Meas urements of a large series of the bird we now call mexicanus and of cinerascens show that a considerable percentage of males of cinerascens have longer wings than many of the specimens of "mexicanus" from eastern Mexico, while the dif ferences between the size of bill and color mentioned by Kaup are exactly applicable to these two birds. It is true that Mr. Sclater compared Kaup's type of mexicana with certain speci mens in the British Museum and found them to be similar and that they were the same as Baird's M. cooperi (fide Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, pp. 90-91); but in the Biologia II, p. 91, Salvin and Godman, apparently with the same specimens before them which Sclater found to be similar to Kaup's type and pronounced to be the same as M. cooperi Baird, come to ex actly the opposite conclusion and pronounce these specimens to represent cinerascens, and state that Baird's conclusions as given above regarding the application of Kaup's names were correct. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 27 The authors of the Biologia however, in place of using. Baird's name cooperi unite the birds of eastern and western Mexico under Ridg way's mayister, which is a distinct subspecies from cooperi and should not be confused with either of Kaup's birds. The color terms in this paper are based on Mr. Ridgway's 'Nomenclature,' and all measurements are given in millimeters. I have again to thank Mr. Robert Ridgway and Dr. Chas. W. Richmond, of the National Museum, for their continued courtesies. KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. Bill rounded, with depth at angle of gonys nearly or quite equal to width at same place (subgenus Myiarchus) Wing and tail feathers without rufous or cinnamon area on either web; crown olive brown; back greenish olive - panamenais p. 29. Wing and tail feathers with distinct rufous or cinnamon area on one or both webs Inner web of outer tail feather usually entirely rufous (except in some specimens a narrow dusky line along shaft mainly near tip) Bill small and proportionately slender (exposed culmen usually less than 19 mm.) Size small, wing usually less than 86 mm. - nuttingi p. 37. Size larger, wing usually more than than 93 mm. ( 9 's in part) cinerascens p. 33. Bill stout and proportionally heavy (exposed culmen usually more than 19 mm.) Underside of neck and breast pale ashy gray braehyurus p. 40. Underside of neck and breast dark gray Exposed culmen not over 20 mm. - - crinitus p. 29. Exposed culmen over 20 mm. * residuus p. 30. Inner web of outer tail feather partly or wholly dusky Inner web of outer tail feather wholly dusky yucatanemis p. 41. Inner web of outer, tall feather partly dusky Inner web of outer tail feather with well defined dusky band along shaft, rufous along inner border to tip Bill long and heavy (usually 20 mm. or over); dusky band on inner web of outer tail feather usually broadest in mid dle. Size smaller, wing usually less than 105 mm. mexicaniLs p. 31. Size larger, wing usually more than 105 mm. magister p. 33. Bill small and slender, exposed culmen usually less than 18 mm.; dusky band on inner web of outer tail feather broadening gradually from base, widest at tip 28 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. Inner webs of tail feathers mainly rufous inquietus p. 38. Inner web of tail feathers mainly dusky yucatanensis p. 41. Inner web of outer tail feather usually entirely rufous on basal two-thirds, with outer third more or less broadly tipped with dusky Bill smaller, slenderer; color darker - cinerascens p. 33. Bill larger, broader; color paler - pertinax p. 36. Bill flattened with depth at angle of gonys decidedly less than width at same place (subgenus Onychopterus] Tail feathers usually distinctly edged on one or both webs with rufous or cinnamon Tail feathers distinctly edged on both webs with rufous or cinnamon Crown conspicuously darker than back (black or blackish) Crown sooty black - - nigricapillus p. 44. Crown clove brown - later encei p. 42. Crown appreciably darker than back (usually between olive and sepia brown) - querulus p. 47. Tail feathers not at all or but slightly edged on inner webs with rufous or cinnamon Back greenish or greenish olivaceous Back greenish, crown intensely black bangsi p. 45. Back greenish olivaceous, crown bistre brown platyrhyncJms p. 45. Back grayish olivaceous or hair brown Back grayish olivaceous; inner webs of tail feathers usually not edged with rufous olivascens p. 48. Back hair brown; inner webs of tail feathers usually slightly edged with rufous - tresmarice p. 49. Tail feathers not edged on either web with rufous; no rufous edgings on wings; crown dull black - nigriceps p. 49. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. Genus Myiarchus Cabanis. 1845. Myiarchus Cabanis, in Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1845, p. 152. Type Muscicapa ferax Gmelin. Typical Myiarchus is characterized by a rounded and proportionately deep bill; the depth at angle of the gonys nearly or quite equaling its width at the same place. It includes the majority of the species in this paper, viz., M. ferox panamensis, M. crinitus, M. c. residuus, M. mex- icanus, M. m. magister, M. cinerascens, M. c. pertinax, M. nuttingi, M. n. inquietus, M. brackyurus, and M. yucatanensis. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 29 Myiarchus ferox panamensis (Lawrence). PANAMA FLYCATCHER, 1860. Myiarchus panamensis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. VII, p. 284. May, 1860. Type locality. Lion Hill, Panama. Type in American Museum of Natural History (Lawrence collection). Breeding range. From nearly or quite to the southern border of Costa Rica (specimens examined from David, Chiriqui) through Panama (including San Miguel Island) into northern Columbia at least to Santa Marta. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Humid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Larger than ferox; upper parts paler, more greenish olive. Description of fresh plumage. Crown olive, usually a little darker than back but often the same color; back greenish olive; upper tail coverts vary from hair brown to broccoli brown; tail coverts and outer webs of tail feathers edged with drab or Isabella color; outer web of outer tail feather hair brown or drab, distinctly paler than inner web: rest of tail feathers plain dusky, slightly paler at tip; wing coverts, edges of secondaries and tertials hair brown (palest on tertials) and commonly tinged with slight shade of greenish; chin, throat and breast, ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts sulphur yellow. Measurements. Averages of seven adult males from Panama and Chiriqui: Wing, 93.1 (87-96); tail, 90.3 (85-93); culmen, 19.1 (18-20); tarsus, 23.4 (22.5-24.5). Averages of five adult females from Panama and Chiriqui: Wing, 91 (89-93); tail, 89 (87-91); culmen, 19.4 (18-21); tarsus, 23.7(23-24.5). General Notes. My iarclius ferox was described from Cayenne, Guiana, and the few specimens at hand from that and adjacent sections of South America appear to show that it is smaller with a smaller bill than pana mensis, and the upper parts browner and less greenish. Birds from Chiriqui average a little larger than those from Panama. The series in the Bangs Collection from San Miguel Island, Panama, are not distin guishable from mainland birds in the same condition of plumage. Like M. nigriceps the present species is South American and only enters the area included within the limits of this paper at the northern extremity of its range. It has no near relative in North America. Myiarchus crinitus (Linnaeus). GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 1766. Muscicapa crinita Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., I, 12th ed., p. 325. Based on the Muscicapa cristata, ventre luteo of Catesby, Car. I, p. 52, t. 52. Type locality. Catesby says "It breeds in Carolina and Virginia" and 30 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. gives no more definite type locality; but as in the case of most of Catesby's species the Carolina birds probably served for his description. Breeding range. Throughout eastern North America from New Brunswick and Manitoba south to northern Florida and to Bexar County, Texas. Migrates through eastern and southern Mexico and Central America to Panama and the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia. Zonal distribution. Upper and lower Austral and Transition (in breed ing season). Specific characters, Size large; under side of neck and breast rather dark olive-gray; back distinctly greenish olive; inner web of outer tail feather mainly or entirely rufous. Description of fresh plumage. Top of head olive with a brownish shade; back greenish olive; upper tail coverts hair brown margined with tawny-ochraceous; wing coverts pale grayish drab, sometimes tinged with greenish yellow; tertials edged with dull grayish white, sometimes tinged with greenish yellow; basal part of outer web of all but outer primary edged with deep cinnamon rufous; outer webs of tail feathers thinly margined on basal half with tawny ochraceous; inner webs of tail feathers, except middle pair, mainly or entirely bright cinnamon-rufous (almost orange-rufous) with a more or less distinct but narrow line of dusky along shaft in the majority of specimens; chin, throat and breast olive gray; abdomen and under tail coverts clear bright yellow between naples yellow and sulphur yellow of Ridgway. Description of young in first plumage. Crown dull olivaceous-sepia brown; back dingy greenish olive; upper tail coverts hair brown broadly bordered and tipped with russet-cinnamon; tail as in adult but with inner webs of middle pair of tail feathers mainly cinnamon-rufous; wing coverts light buffy cinnamon; primaries and secondaries narrowly edged with cinnamon-rufous; tertials bordered with dull yellowish white, slightly tinged with buffy cinnamon; chin, throat and breast french gray; abdomen and under tail coverts primrose yellow. Myiarchus crinitus residuus Howe. FLORIDA GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 1901. Myiarchus crinitus residuus Howe, Cont. N. Am. Orn., I, p. 30. May 21, 1902. Type locality. Ishtopoga Lake, Florida. Type No. 1233, adult male, Howe-Shattuck Collection. Breeding range. Peninsular part of Florida. Probably not migratory. Zonal distribution. Lower Austral. Subspecific characters. Wing averages a little shorter and bill much larger than in M. crinitus. Nelson North American Mainland My iar elms. 31 COMPARATIVE AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS OF MYIARCHUS CRINITUS AND M. CRINITUS RESIDUUS. Name Sex No. of specs Wing Tail Culinen Tarsus M. crinitus $ 10 106.1 (103-1 14) 92.7 (89-97) 19.3 ( 18- 20) 21.7^21-22) <. 9 10 P8.7 ( 98-102) 86.9 (83-93. 19.1 ( 18- 20) il 4(21-22, M. c. residuus $ 5 102 4 101-105) 91.8 (90-93 21 3 (20.5-22.5) 21.7(20-23) General Notes. As first pointed out by Mr. Bangs, the Great Crested Flycatchers of southern Florida are readily distinguished from birds occupying other parts of its range by the much greater size of their bills. This character appears so constant and is so marked that it seems to be worthy of recognition by name, although not accompanied by any other equally well marked differences. Unfortunately the birds from the Carolinas are most like those from New England, so that Mr. Bangs in his Myiarchus crinitus boreu* (Auk, XV, p. 179, April, 1898) renamed the type form. The name afterwards given by Mr. Howe to the bird of southern Florida must therefore be recognized. The amount of variation in color of this species aside from that due to seasonal wear and fading is not great, though occasional specimens have a lighter or more yellowish green shade on the back. The main variation is in the tail markings. Only sixteen out of sixty-six specimens of true M. crinitus have the inner web of the outer tail feather entirely rufous. The other fifty specimens have a narrow dusky line along the inner side of the shaft, varying from a thin barely appreciable line to a well marked band covering one-fourth the width of the web. This dusky line on in side of shaft of outer tail feather is present in seven out of eight of the birds from southern Florida. There appears to be no geographic sig nificance in this marking, as it occurs throughout the range of the species and also in both sexes. Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup)* MEXICAN CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 1852. Tgrannula mexicana Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p, 51. Published October 28, 1852. Type locality. "Mexico." Type sent to the Darmstadt Museum from *As explained in the notes under Myiarchus cinercuscen^ the name mexi canus is probably a synonym of cinerascens but is used here in conformity with present custom until the type can be examined. In case mexicanus proves to be a synonym of cinerascens then Myiarchus cooperi Baird, Birds of N. Am., p. 180, 1858 (Type from "Mexico" Ver- reaux Collection, No. 9100 U. S. National Museum) becomes available for this species. 32 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. Mexico by Mr. Wollweber but no definite locality mentioned. Breeding range. From the Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas, south along the tropical and subtropical parts of eastern Mexico to Yucatan, Cozumel Island, Belize, northeastern Guatemala, and Honduras (Ceiba). Migratory only in northern part of its range. Zonal distribution Lower Sonoran, Arid and Humid Tropical. Specific characters. Crown olive; back brownish olive; wings and tail (on both webs) strongly margined with rufous. Description offrexh plumage. Top of head olive with a greenish shade, feathers indistinctly streaked with darker centers; back dull brownish olive, slightly grayer than crown; back of neck slightly grayer than back, forming an indistinct collar; upper tail coverts dingy raw-umber brown, sometimes edged with dull rusty; wing coverts broadly edged with dull brownish white: tertials edged with white, tinged with pale greenish; pri maries, except first, edged along middle with dark rufous; chin, throat and breast ashy gray, palest on chin; abdomen and under tail coverts deep primrose yellow sometimes slightly washed with gray (especially in Yucatan and Cozumel specimens); outer web of outer tail feather vary ing from plain drab to lighter more grayish brown; inner web of outer feather with a band of dusky along shaft from near base to tip, usually a little broader in middle where it occupies from one-fifth to over one- half the width of web; other tail feathers, except middle pair, similar, but dusky band decreasing toward middle of tail. Measurements. Averages of seventeen adult males from northeastern Mexico: Wing, 102.4 (98-106); tail, 95.4 (90-98); culmen, 21.3 (20-23); tar sus, 23.5 (22.5-25;. Averages of five adult females from northeastern Mexico: Wing, 95.7 (94-98); tail, 90 (88-91); culmen, 19.9 (19-21.5); tarsus, 22.4 (21-23). General Notes. In worn or faded plumage much of the greenish wash on upperparts is lost and the coloration closely resembles that of magister. Specimens from the State of Vera Cruz average larger than those from the Rio Grande while those from Yucatan and Cozumel Island are smaller than from any other part of their range. Cozumel birds are also slightly darker than those from elsewhere. This form reaches the borders of the tableland along river valleys but does not in habit the tableland proper. Its range comes in contact with that of magister only through the low gap in the elevated continental area at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. A large proportion of specimens have the dusky line along shaft on inner web of outer tail feather appreciably broadest in the middle and narrowing toward each end, but in some in dividuals it is nearly the same width most of its length and in a few cases becomes a little broader near the tip. A typical specimen in the Bangs Collection taken by Mr. W. W. Brown, January 16, 1902, at Ceiba, Honduras, is the southernmost record of this species with which I am familiar. This was perhaps a winter straggler. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 33 Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ridgway. ARIZONA CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 1884. Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, p. 90. Type locality. Camp Lowell, near Tucson, Arizona. Type No. 86,005, adult male, U. S. National Museum. Breeding range. From northwestern Chihuahua and southern Arizona through western Mexico at least to the border of Chiapas. A partial winter migration of northern birds extends as far as Guatemala, but they are resident throughout a large part of their range. Zonal distribution. Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Generally similar to and in some cases difficult to distinguish in coloration from pale or faded specimens of true mexicanus, but upper parts averaging grayer and less greenish; throat and breast slightly paler ashy, and abdomen a trifle clearer or brighter yellow; size averages decidely larger. Description of first plumage. Crown light seal brown; back dark hair brown; upper tail coverts, broad border to outer webs and most of the inner webs of tail feathers dull, dark cinnamon rufous; lesser wing coverts tipped and tertials edged with pale vinaceous-buff; greater wing coverts, secondaries and primaries broadly edged with dull rusty rufous, paler than on borders of tail feathers; chin, throat and breast pearl gray becoming darkest on breast; abdomen and under tail coverts pale prim rose yellow. Measurements. Averages of twenty-three adult males: Wing, 108.9 (103-114); tail, 100.3 (93-106); culmen, 23.2 (22-25); tarsus, 25.4 (24.5-26). Averages of fifteen adult females: Wing, 106.7 (100-110); tail, 98.1 (94-102); culmen, 23 (22-25); tarsus, 25.1 (24-26). General Notes. Size is the only character by which magister can be distinguished in a great majority of cases. Specimens from the type region in southern Arizona are considerably larger than those from the more southerly part of their range. Among the series from various sec tions of the range, the one from the Tres Marias Islands averages the smallest thus paralleling the relatively smaller size of the series of typi cal mexicanus from Cozumel Island, off the coast of Yucatan. The types of both "cooperi" and magister, are larger than average birds of the forms they represent. Myiarchus cinerascens (Lawrence). ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER. 1851. Tyrannula cinerascens Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., V, p. 121. September, 1851. Type locality. Western Texas. Breeding range. From the Dalles, Oregon, Cheyenne, Wyoming, and 34 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. central southern Texas south to northern Lower California, ' central Sonora and at least to Zacatecas on the southern part of the Mexican tableland. Winter range. Migrates over all of Lower California and the rest of Mexico (except the southeastern tropical parts) at least to Guate mala. Zonal distribution. Upper and lower Sonoran. Specific characters. Upper parts grayish brown; crown a little darker than back; inner webs of tail feathers mainly rufous but tipped more or less broadly with dusky on outer feather. Description of fresh plumage. Top of head grayish bistre brown, usually a little darker than back; back dark hair brown, becoming paler and grayer in worn plumage; back of neck sometimes paler or more ashy than back; upper tail coverts dark hair brown, sometimes edged slightly with raw umber or russet (never in worn specimens); wing coverts and tertials broadly, and secondaries narrowly edged with grayish white; primaries (except first) edged with rufous; primaries, secondaries, tertials and top of tail feathers clove brown, palest on ter tials; underparts from chin over breast and wash over fore-part of ab domen pale cinereous gray, becoming whitish in faded plumage; abdo men and under tail coverts primrose yellow (becoming whitish in faded plumage); basal half or three-fourths of outer web of outer tail feather distinctly whitish, latter color replaced on distal end by dusky line bordering shaft and widening toward end of feather in proportion to ex tent of same color on inner web of feather; inner web of outer feather cinnamon rufous from base to middle of feather, the rufous replaced along shaft at varying distances beyond this to within one-fifth of length from tip by dusky line gradually broadening to include entire tip and sometimes extending back as narrow border some distance along inner side of feather; extent of dusky tip varies from narrow border to half an inch or more; tips of other tail feathers except middle pair with similar pattern but amount of dusky decreasing inward. Female. Dusky on inner web of outer tail feather not rarely restricted to narrow wedge shaped line along shaft on terminal part of feather much as in M. nuttingi; but such birds are readily distinguishable by their much greater size. Young in first plumage (Pecos River, northwest of Comstock, Tex., August 1, 1902). Top of head dull rusty brown; back dull hair brown; upper tail coverts and tail mainly light cinnamon rufous, including middle pair of feathers; outer web of outer feather paler, except tip; narrow dusky shaft lines on distal third of all tail feathers and broad dusky band along basal two-thirds of shaft except on middle pair; underparts pale ashy whitish to breast; abdomen and under tail coverts yellowish white. Measurements. Averages of ten adult males from western Texas: Wing, 101.5 (99-103); tail, 95.2 (93-98); culmen, 18.9 (17.5-20); tarsus, 23.7(23-24). Averages of ten adult females from western Texas: Wing, 94.7(91-98); tail, 87.9 (82-93); culmen, 17.9 (16.5-19); tarsus, 22.7 (21-24). Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 35 General Notes. In "The Auk" for October, 1892, p. 394, was recorded the supposed occurrence in Arizona of Myiarchus nuttingi based upon three specimens, all females, in the Biological Survey collection one from Rillito Creek, near Tucson, one from Oracle, and another from Prescott. After a detailed study of the large series of MyiarcJius cine rascens and its near relatives in the Biological Survey and National Museum collections, it has become evident that all the supposed speci mens of M. nuttingi from the United States are really females of cine rascens. The error in identification arose from the previously unknown fact that a considerable percentage of the females of cinerascens have the dusky area restricted at the tips of the inner webs of the outer tail feathers, sometimes being almost entirely absent and thus producing the. exact tail pattern of nuttingi. Myiarc7ius nuttingi is a much smaller species than cinerascens and is represented in the National Museum collection by the type only. There are two specimens in the Biological Survey collection, one from Nenton, Guatemala, and one from Ocozucuautla, Chiapas, the latter probably the most northerly actual record for the species. The broad area lying be tween the breeding range of M. cinerascens and that of M. nuttingi is occupied as shown below by M. nuttingi inquietus (Salvin and Godman). I have carefully measured a series of M. cinerascens from the type region in western Texas, another from southern Arizona, another from northern California and Oregon, and still another of winter migrants from southern Mexico and northern Guatemala and the averages show close uniformity in size throughout its range, The size, when compari son is made between specimens of the same sex, is so much greater in cinerascens that the species may be at once distinguished from nuttingi by this character alone. The identification of specimens of cinerascens as nuttingi was due to the almost precise similarity of the patterns of color on the outer tail feathers between these specimens and the type of nuttingi. On ex amination of the series of cinerascens at hand I find that among 113 males there is not a single specimen that lacks a definite dusky tip to the outer tail feather, although sometimes reduced to a narrow dusky border. On the other hand among 60 specimens of females, 15 of them showed a marked reduction of the dusky at tip of inner web'of outer tail feather and a corresponding extension of the rufous. Several of these, in addition to the three specimens cited from Arizona, have the dusky so reduced on this feather that the rufous covers practically all* of the inner web to the tip as in nuttingi. These were taken on the Santa Cruz River west of the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona, at Owens lake, Inyo County, and Mountain Spring, San Diego County, California, Alpine, mouth of Nueces River and Boquillas, Texas. Others with the dusky much reduced and forming merely a slender wedge-shaped line next the vane on the terminal part of the feather were taken at Baird, California, Santa Cruz River, Arizona, and a winter spe'cimen at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. Every gradation is shown in this series be tween the pattern on the outer tail feather of typical cinerascens and 36 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. nuttingi but they are all females, typically cinerascens in size and general coloration, and occur sporadically practically throughout the range of the species. From the frequency of this variation of the females it ap pears that there is a tendency toward the extension of the rufous at the expense of the dusky tip of the outer tail feather among them which is not shared equally by the males. While this variation appears to have no geographical significance, yet it evidently, judging from the specimens examined, occurs most frequently in southern Arizona. All of the 105 males examined have the tip of the outer tail feather suf ficiently typical to enable one to identify them by this character without trouble, although there is considerable variation in the extent of the dusky on the tip. In some cases the feather is entirely rufous on the inner web to within one-fifth of its length from the tip, where the dusky begins next the vane and broadens rapidly into a narrowband occupying the tip of the feather and sometimes extending down a little along the inner border. In other cases the dusky begins at varying distances along the shaft to within one-third of its length from the base and extends outward in a gradually widening line to occupy the terminal 5 to 15 millimeters of the feather and may or may not extend back along the inner edge of the feather sometimes nearly or quite halfway to the base. When the dusky extends back along the inner edge of the feather the outer end of the rufous on this vane forms a narrowing point on the middle of the web. In other specimens it is cut squarely off by the in ward extension of the dusky near the end of the feather. This variation occurs throughout the range of the species. Myiarchus nuttingi inquietus (Salvin and Godman) replaces M. cineras cens to the south in Mexico, and the material at hand appears to show that they are distinct species. - Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax (Baird). CAPE ST. LUCAS FLYCATCHER. 1859. Myiarchus pertinax Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 303. Type locality. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. Type No. 12,944, U. S. National Museum. Breeding range. Cape region of Lower Calfornia north at least to Pichilinque Bay. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Arid Tropical and border of Lower Sonoran. Subspecific characters. Similar to cinerascens but grayer above and more whitish below; size smaller; bill larger. Description of first plumage. Grown warm sepia brown; back hair brown; upper tail coverts dull cinnamon rufous; middle pair of tail feathers strongly margined with same; outer webs of rest of tail feathers except outer one similarly margined; outer web of outer feather whitish Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 37 on basal half and becoming drab on distal third; inner webs of all but middle pair plain cinnamon rufous except for a slender dusky line along shafts near tips; wing coverts tipped with whitish and narrowly edged with dull cinnamon; tertials edged with whitish; secondaries broadly edged with cinnamon shading into broad edgings of light cinnamon rufous on primaries; chin, throat and breast pale pearl gray; abdomen and under tail coverts white with the faintest tinge of yellowish. Measurements. Averages of three adult males; wing, 94,6; tail, 89.3; culmen, 19.6; tarsus, 23.3. General Notes. There is some difficulty in distinguishing specimens of pertinax from faded ones of cinerascens, but the larger bill of pertinax and its smaller size are usually sufficiently marked to distinguish them. In fairly fresh plumage pertinax is distinctly grayer on the upper parts. The exact limits between the ranges of the two forms is still undetermined. Myiarchus nuttingi Ridgway. NUTTING'S FLYCATCHER. 1882. Myiarchus nuttingi Ridgway, Proc. U. S. National Museum, V, p. 394. Type locality. L& Palma, Costa Rica. Type No. 87,391, U. S. National Museum. Breeding range. Costa Rica (La Palma): Honduras (on Nicaraguan boundary 180 miles from Pacific Coast); Guatemala (Nenton); Mexico (Ocozucuautla, Chiapas). Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Arid and Semi- Arid Tropical. Specific characters. Size small, wing not over 88 mm. ; back rather light olivaceous brown; inner web of outer tail feather usually almost wholly rufous. Description of fresh plumage. Crown olive brown with slightly darker shaft lines, and borders of feathers with a shade of bistre brown; back varying from slightly grayish to yellowish olive, usually with less greenish than in brachyurus; upper tail coverts dark broccoli brown shaded and slightly edged with dark raw umber; wing coverts and ter tials broadly edged with dingy brownish white, palest on tertials; primaries edged with dark rusty; outer web of outer tail feather light drab; inner web usually plain rufous except a fine line of dusky along shaft near tip, but sometimes with dusky line along shaft much as in inquietus;ch\n, neck and breast dull gray, palest on throat; abdomen and under tail coverts between primrose and sulphur yellow. Upper- parts of worn specimens, like the type, are dull grayish, olive brown. Measurements. Averages of two adult males: Wing, 86.5 (85-88); tail, 84 (81-87); culmen, 17.2 (17-17.5); tarsus, 22 (21-23). Adult female (one specimen): Wing,, 85; tail, 84; culmen, 17; tarsus, 22. General notes. This species has a close general resemblance to 38 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. brachyurus and apparently occupies about the same range, for both have been taken along the Pacific coast region from Costa Rica to Chiapas, Mexico. Its smaller size, less greenish upperparts and slightly darker underparts are the main characters. The small bill of nuttingi at once distinguishes it among the specimens of brachyurus at hand. In the original description of nuttingi the specimens cited as belonging to that species, with the exception of the type, all proved to belong to an other species which Mr. Ridgway afterwards described as brachyurus, thus leaving the type the unique representative of nuttingi in the National Museum collection until two others were secured by Mr. Gold man and myself in Chiapas and Guatemala. Through the lack of definite knowledge of just what nuttingi represented, quite a number of erroneous citations of this species have been made, and its range unwar rantably extended far beyond its real limits. Attention is called to this in the notes upon M. cinerascens. A specimen in the Bangs collection, taken on the boundary line be tween Nicaragua and Honduras, 180 miles from the Pacific coast, differs from typical birds in having a well marked dusky line along the shaft on the inner web of outer tail feather, and less conspicuously the same on other tail feathers, as in typical inquietus. The size and color, however, show that this is nuttingi, and these tail markings merely due to in dividual variation. Myiarchus nuttingi inquietus (Salvin and Godman). GODMAN'S FLYCATCHER. 1889. Myiarchus inquietus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Cent. -Am., II, p. 88. March, 1889. Type locality. Acahuizotla*, Guerrero, Mexico. Type in British Museum. Breeding range. Arid tropical and subtropical parts of southwestern Mexico from central western Chihuahua and southern Sonora to Isthmus of Tehuantepec and inland to southern Puebla. No definite migration, but strays in winter to Guatemala. Specimens examined from: Sonora (Nacosari, Alamos); Chihuahua (Batopilas, Hacienda San Rafael, El Carmen, Durasno);Sinaloa(Culiacan); Durango, (Chacala); Tepic (Acaponeta); Zacatecas (San Juan Capistrano); Jalisco (La Barca) ; Michoacan (La Salada, Zamora) ; Morelos. ( Yecapixtla) ; Puebla (Tehuacan); Guerrero (Acahuizotla, Dos Arroyos, El Rincon, Acapulo, Papayo, El Naranjo, La Lagunilla, Rio Balsas); Oaxaca (Huilotepec, Tehuantepec City, Santa Efigenia, Chihuitan); Chiapas (Gineta Mountains); Guatemala (Nenton). *This is a small plantation on the road between Acapulco and Chil- pancingo. The spelling of the name Acaguisotla given in the original description is erroneous for the owners of the place spell it as given above. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 39 Zonal distribution. Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical. Description of fresh plumage. Crown grayish bistre brown, a little darker than back: back grayish olive brown, becoming much like cinerascens in faded plumage: upper tail coverts light sepia brown, strongly edged and often distinctly colored throughout with tawny olive or rusty olive; primaries, secondaries, tertials and top of tail dark hair brown; wing coverts and tertials edged with dull brownish white, bleaching to dull whitish; primaries (except first) narrowly edged along middle with rusty rufous; chin, neck and breast pale cinereous ashy, little if any darker than, in winter specimens of cinerascens; abdomen and under tail coverts sulphur yellow; outer web of outer tail feather in some specimens uniform pale hair brown and" in others edged more or less with whitish; inner web of this feather cinnamon rufous with a line of dark hair brown (varying someVvhat in shade) along shaft beginning on basal third of feather and gradually widening to occupy from one- fourth to entire width of inner web at tip; same pattern repeated with decreasing amount of dusky inward on other feathers except middle pair. Description of first plumage ( 9 Rio Balsas, Guerrero, Mexico, June 3, 1903). Much like same plumage of M. cinerascens but darker; top of head sepia brown with a light wash of dull tawny; back dull, dark hair brown; wing coverts and tertials edged with lighter, varying from pinkish buff to ochraceous buff; upper tail coverts dark cinnamon rufous with dusky shaft streaks; tail cinnamon rufous with bases of middle pair of feathers dusky and a narrow shaft line of same extends thence toward end of feathers gradually broadening to occupy most of feather near tip, but completely bordered by rufous; outer web of outer feather dusky, edged broadly along middle two-thirds with pale buffy whitish; outer web of other tail feathers with broad dusky band along shaft and narrower edging of rufous; inner webs of all except middle pair plain rufous. Underparts from chin over breast pale cinereous ashy ; abdomen and under tail coverts pale yellowish white. Measurements. Average of ten adult males*: Wing, 91.2 (88-93); tail, 88.4 (85-92); culmen, 18 (17.5-21); tarsus, 22.4 (22-23). Averages of five adult females*: Wing, 86.8 (85-88); tail, 84.8 (81-87); culmen, 17.2 (17-18): tarsus, 21.5 (21-22). General notes. Up to the present time, except for the brief notes published with the original description, this bird has remained compara tively unknown. During the spring of 1903, Mr. Goldman and I secured specimens at the type locality and elsewhere throughout this region, which added to specimens already in the Biological Survey and National Museum form an excellent series covering a wide range in western and southern Mexico. Instead of being, as the describers suggested, "a small resident form of the migratory M. crinitus of eastern America, which being isolated in the Sierra Madre del Sur, has acquired distinc- *Specimens from southwestern Mexico, mainly from the region about the type locality. 40 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. tive characters," it is a common resident of western Mexico from Batopilas in western Chihuahua to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The specimens from the Isthmus and adjacent part of Chiapas are distinctly intergrades showing that inquietus is merely a northern subspecies of Myiarchus nuttingi, which latter does not appear to range north of Chiapas. Nine specimens, representing both sexes, from the Pacific Coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and thence to the border of Chiapas, have the brown line along the inside of the shaft of the outer tail feather con siderably reduced, often to half or less the amount found in typical birds. They are also rather smaller than typical birds and their color is other wise like that of nuttingi, This combination of exactly intermediate characters in the birds of this section with the occurence of undoubted nuttingi a little farther down in Chiapas and Guatemala appears suf ficiently conclusive evidence to warrant placing inquietus as a subspecies of nuttingi. In general coloration these two forms appear to be practi cally identical so that they are to be separated only by size and pattern of color on the outer tail feathers. M. n. inquietus is intermediate in size between nuttingi and cinerascens and there is a close resemblance in the color of the upper parts of slightly faded specimens of inquietus and cinerascens. In freshly as sumed fall plumage the upper parts of both these species are darker than at any other time. At such times inquietus may be distinguished by its darker and browner upper parts and the richer yellow of the ab domen as well as by the tail pattern. A careful examination of the large series of inquietus and cinerascens now available has failed to reveal any evidence of intergradation. Birds from the river valleys of western Chihuahua and Sonora differ from cinerascens in size and color almost equally with those from Guerrero. The breeding range of M. inquietus appears to be complementary to that of cinerascens, but during the winter cinerascens migrates over the range of inquietus. These two birds have evidently been confused by different authors under the name of cinerascens so that without the specimens for verifi cation it will be impossible to satifactorily place some of the winter cita tions for western and southern Mexico. Summer records within the demonstrated range of either can be more readily handled. Myiarchus brachyurus Ridgway. SHOUT-TAILED FLYCATCHER. 1887. Myiarchus brac7iyurus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 334. Type locality. Ometepe, Nicaragua. Type No. 91,057, U. S. National Museum. Breeding range. Costa Rica (San Lucas, Bahia de Salinas) ; Nicara- Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 41 gua (Ometepe, San Juan del Sur); Mexico (Tonala, Chiapas). Not mi gratory. Zonal distribution, Arid and Semi- Arid Tropical. Specific characters, Generally similar to M. nuttingi but larger and heavier with much stouter, heavier bill and proportionately shorter tail. Description of fresh plumage. Crown dark olive shaded with greenish and a slight buffy suffusion on borders of feathers in some specimens; back lighter olive with a greenish shade (latter nearly or quite absent in worn plumage); back of neck sometimes a little grayer than back; upper tail coverts dark broccoli brown edged and sometimes suffused throughout with dark rusty rufous; primaries, except first one, edged along middle with dark rufous; wing coverts and tertials edged with dull whitish or brownish white with shade of greenish on coverts in some specimens; outer web of outer tail feather pale drab; inner web uniform rufous, sometimes with a narrow inconspicuous line of dusky along shaft; other tail feathers, except middle pair, similar; chin, neck and breast ashy gray palest on chin; abdomen and under tail coverts deep primrose yellow. Measureme7its. Averages of two adult males: wing, 96 (93-99); tail, 86 (85-87); culmen, 21 (21); tarsus, 23.5 (23-24). Averages of five adult females: wing, 94.4 (93-96); tail, 85.2 (8.1-87); culmen, 20.7 (19.5-21); tarsus, 22.6 (22-23). General notes. In general coloration this species differs but slightly from M. nuttingi but may be easily distinguished by differences in size and proportion, and especially by the much larger bill, and more rusty upper tail coverts, Although resembling crinitus somewhat in size and pattern of color on outer tail feathers yet the much paler colors above and below readily distinguish them from that species. Like other members of the genus this species gradually fades in spring until the upper parts lose the greenish cast and become dull olive brown. Myiarchus yucatanensis Lawrence. YUCATAN CHESTED FLYCATCHER. 1871. Myiarchus yucatanensis Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, p. 235. Based on the Myiarchus mexicanus Lawrence (nee Kaup) Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IX, p. 202, June, 1869. Type locality. Merida, Yucatan. Type in American Museum of Natural History (Lawrence Collection). Breeding range. Peninsula of Yucatan and Cozumel Island. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Arid or Semi-Arid Tropical. Specific characters. Crown bistre brown; upper tail coverts hair brown, slightly if at all edged with russet; inner webs of all but middle 42 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. and often outer pair of tail feathers broadly edged with well defined band of cinnamon buff. Description of fresh plumage. Crown bistre brown with or without a slight olivaceous shade; back olive; upper tail coverts hair brown with or without slight edging of russet; tail feathers edged externally on basal half with drab, sometimes thinly bordered with dull rusty; pri maries (except outer pair) and part of secondaries distinctly edged with rusty rufous; wing coverts broadly tipped with drab or broccoli brown; tertials broadly edged with grayish white; chin, throat and breast rather dark ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts straw yellow; outer web of outer tail feather drab, varying in shade but usually much lighter than inner web and sometimes edged with whitish; inner webs of all but outer and middle pair of tail feathers with a well defined border of cinnamon buffy covering from one-third to one-half the web; inner web of outer tail feather sometimes plain dusky but more often slightly and sometimes distinctly bordered with cinnamon buffy. Measurements. Averages of four adult males: Wing, 84.7 (83-87); tail, 84(81-85); culmen, 17.5(17-18); tarsus, 21.8(21-22.5). Averages of two adult females: Wing, 78.5 (78-79); tail, 79 (78-80); culmen, 17; tarsus, 21.7(21.5-21.7). General notes. As already noted by Mr. Sclater (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XIV, p. 260), the present species appears to be most nearly related to the Myiarchus stolidus group of the West Indies. On the mainland it has no close relative nearer than northern South America. The proportions of wing and tail vary considerably, and in the series of seventeen specimens examined (mostly not sexed) nine had the tail equalling or longer than the wing and eight had the tail shorter than the wing. Subgenus Onychopterus Reichenbach. 1850. Onychopterus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., t. Ixv. Type Tyran- nus tuber culifer D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye. This group is characterized by a flattened and proportionately broad bill; the depth at the angle of the gonys being decidedly less than its width at same place. The species in the present paper belonging to this subgenus are M. lawrencei with its subspecies and M. nigriceps. Myiarchus lawrencei (Giraud). LAWRENCE'S FLYCATCHER. 1841. Muscicapa lawrencei Giraud, Sixteen Birds of Texas, t. 2, f. 1. Type locality. "Texas. " The type, No. 47,690 U. S. National Museum, agrees in size and other characters with birds of northeastern Mexico, whence it probably came. Breeding range. From near Monterey, Nuevo Leon, in northeastern Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 43 Mexico, south in foothill country to the state of Vera Cruz and eastern San Luis Potosi, and thence generally distributed in tropical and sub tropical parts of eastern Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. At the Isthmus they spread across to the Pacific coast and occupy suitable areas on both coasts in southern Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, and at least part of Guatemala. They do not occur in the coast belt of northern Tabasco and Campeche, nor the Peninsula of Yucatan, where they are replaced by M. I. platyrhynr.hu*. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Arid Tropical in northern, Humid Tropical in southern part of range. Specific characters. Crown decidedly darker than back usually clove brown; back brownish olive; tail feathers strongly edged externally with rufous and inner border of inner webs usually distinctly edged with vinaceous-buffy or cinnamon-buffy. Description of fresh plumage. Crown clove brown, sometimes more or less washed with olive, but always much darker than back; back olive, always with a brownish shade, but often with a slight greenish tinge; upper tail coverts broccoli brown edged and often suffused with russet or cinnamon-rufous; secondaries and all but first primary and outer borders of tail feathers strongly edged with dark rusty rufous; wing coverts usually with broad edging of cinnamon er russet varying to isa- bella color; chin, throat and breast ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts rich sulphur yellow; inner webs of tail leathers usually with a distinct and often broad border of reddish-buffy, broadest on inner rec- trices and often present on middle pair; occasionally this buffy border nearly or quite absent, especially in specimens from southern part of range. I Description of young in first plumage. Crown seal brown; back dark sepia brown; upper tail coverts dark hair brown broadly edged with russet; tail feathers broadly bordered on both sides by light cinnamon- rufous; wing coverts, tertials, primaries and secondaries strongly edged with rusty vinaceous-cinnamon not very different from color on border of tail feathers; chin and throat light gray shading into olive gray on sides of neck and breast; abdomen and under tail coverts primrose yel low, deepest on middle of abdomen. Measurements of typical specimens from Tamaulipas and Nnevo Leon. Averages of six adult males: Wing, 87.7 (82-90); tail, 84.7 (77^89); cul- men, 17.1 (16.5-18); tarsus, 21 (20-22). Averages of five adult females: Wing, 83.8 (80-88); tail, 80.2 (76-84); culmen, 16.8 (16-18); tarsus, 20.2 (20-21). General notes. Typical Myiarchus lawrencei, characterized by its large size and the amount of rufous edgings on both webs of tail feathers, is found only in northeastern Mexico from Monterey, Nuevo Leon, to northern Vera Cruz. South of this there is a steady decrease in size to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This decrease in size is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of rufous bordering the inner webs of the tail feathers. Birds from south of the Isthmus to Guatemala are de cidedly smaller than those from the northern part of the range, and 44 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. agree closely in this character with nigriccipillus from Costa Rica, but the colors of upperparts are most like those of typical lawrencei, with which I have placed them. The birds from southern Vera Cruz to Guatemala occupy a belt between the ranges of querulvs on one hand and plntyrhynchus on the other, and the occurrence of intergrades with these forms and with nigricapilluK to the south renders the exact deter mination of many specimens from this region extremely difficult. In cases of this kind one is forced to name specimens arbitrarily or leave them undetermined. The amount of rufous margination to inner webs of tail feathers sometimes covers half the web in specimens from north eastern Mexico, and in southern Vera Cruz and southward individuals occur in which there is little or no trace of it, though they are not nu merous. Some specimens from Jalapa and other localities farther south in Vera Cruz have the buffy border on inner webs of tail feathers much restricted and sometimes indistinct. The backs in winter specimens throughout its range in northeastern Mexico vary from dull olivaceous to olivaceous brown. Resident birds from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, and from other points on the Pacific slope south of Tehuantepec in Chiapas are more like typical lawrencei in size and color than those from the southern part of its range on the. Gulf coast. Myiarchus lawrencei ntgricapillus (Cabanis). COSTA RICAN FLYCATCHER. 1861. Myiarchus nigricapillus Cabanis, Journal fur Ornithologie, 1861, p. 250 (in text). Type locality. Costa Rica. No type nor specific locality mentioned. Breeding range. Central America from southern Guatemala to Costa Rica. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Humid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Crown blacker than in true lawrencei; back darker olive; size smaller. Description of fresh plumage. Crown brownish black, sometimes tinged with olive: back dark olive, slightly less grayish than in true lawrencei; upper tail coverts dark broccoli brown edged with dark russet or rusty rufous; wing (except first primaries) and tail feathers edged externally with dark russet or rusty rufous; wing coverts bordered with cinnamon or russet; chin, throat and breast dull ash gray, averaging darker than in lawrencei; abdomen and under tail coverts rich sulphur yellow; inner border of tail feathers usually with narrow edging of cinnamon buffy, this border occasionally covering one-fourth of web. Measurements of specimens from Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Averages of four adult males: Wing, 82 (80-83); tail, 77.2 (75-79); culmen, 16.1 (16-16.5); tarsus, 20.2 (20-20.5). Averages of four adult females: Wing, 76.5 (75-78); tail, 69.5 (66-72); culmen, 16. (16); tarsus, 19.6(19-2,0). Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 45 General notes. Birds from Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, of which I have examined a considerable number, agree closely in size and color. The Hondurus birds, however, average a little smaller than those from Costa Rica. There is the usual variation in amount of ru fous edgings to outer borders of wings and tail. Myiarchus lawrencei bangsi subsp. nov. BANGS 'S FLYCATCHEK. Type. No. 8758, adult male, Collection of E. A. and O. Bangs. From Boquete, Panama. Collected January 26, 1901, by W. W. Brown, Jr. Breeding range. Panama. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Humid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Crown intensely black; back greenish; inner webs of tail feathers without buffy borders. Description of fresh plumage. Crown intensely black; back dark greenish olive; upper tail coverts dark hair brown slightly edged with dull russet; tail bordered externally with dull russet; inner webs of tail feathers plain dusky; wing coverts bordered with isabella color lightly edged with cinnamon; tertials narrowly edged with grayish white; pri maries (except two outer ones) finely edged with russet; secondaries more broadly edged with same; chin, throat and breast dull ashy or olive gray; abdomen and under tail coverts between a rich primrose yel low and sulphur yellow. Measurements. Adult male (type): Wing, 84; tail, 81; culmen, 15.5; tarsus, 21. Adult female (topotype): Wing, 78.5; tail, 73; culmen, 16; tarsus, 20. General notes. The intensely black crown and greener back serve to distinguish the present form from any of the other subspecies of M. lawrencei. The tail is also blacker and less bordered with rufous than in nigricapillus, and the bill appreciably smaller. The two specimens from Boquete are the only ones I have seen of M. I. bangsi, but they are so different from the numerous specimens of nigricapillus at hand that I have no doubt of their representing another subspecies. Citations of nigricapillus from Panama undoubtedly refer to the present bird. Myiarchus lawrencei platyrhynchus (Ridgway). COZUMBL FLYCATCHER. 1885. Myiarchus platyrhynchus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Ill, p. 23. February 26, 1885. Type locality. Cozumel Island, off coast of Yucatan. Type No. 102,738 U. S. National Museum (skinned from alcohol and much decol orized). 46 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. Breeding range. Cozumel Island, Peninsula of Yucatan,- and coast region of Campeche and Tabasco, to the Grijalva River. Not migra tory. Zonal distribution. Arid and Semi-arid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Most like olivascens, but upper parts darker; back more greenish, and tail coverts, tail and wings darker and more strongly edged with russet or reddish cinnamon; bill averages broader. Description of fresh plumage. Crown dark brownish more or less heavily washed with olive; back slightly greenish olive; upper tail coverts broccoli brown edged and sometimes shaded with russet or red dish cinnamon; tail feathers edged externally like upper coverts; all but two outer primaries narrowly and secondaries more broadly edged externally with russet like tail; wing coverts broadly tipped with dark Isabella brown; chin, throat and breast ashy gray; inner webs of tail feathers usually plain dusky, but occasional individuals have narrow buffy edges along inner borders of inner feathers. Worn specimens lose nearly or quite all the greenish shade on back and the rusty edgings to wings and tail. Measurements of specimens from Cozumel Island: Averages of five adult males: Wing, 81 (79-83); tail, 77.7 (74-82); culmen, 17 (16.5-17.5); tarsus, 20.2 (20-20.5). Averages of two adult females: Wing, 75 (75); tail, 69 (69); culmen, 16 (16); tarsus, 18.5 (18-19). Mainland specimens average about the same. General notes. A series of 33 specimens in the Biological Survey and National Museum collections, from various localities covering the range given above, show conclusively that the birds from this region and especially from Yucatan which were formerly referred to lawrencei and later to olivascens are identical with platyrhynchus, described by Mr. Ridgway from Cozumel Island. This form occupies the comparatively arid region of northern Yucatan and the adjacent coastal area to the exclusion of true lawrencei, which belongs to the more humid interior bordering the Cordillera. Among the entire series only a single specimen, and it is from Cozu mel Island, has a buffy border to inner webs of inner tail feathers. In view of their wide separation, necessarily distinct origin and dif ferent environment, the close general similarity between platyrhynchus and olivascens is interesting. It is another of the many cases in which great similarity exists between widely separated forms of a species with one or more decidedly more differentiated forms occupy ing the interven ing area. The greater humidity of the habitat of platyrhynchus accounts for the somewhat darker colors of this form in comparison with the paler and grayer colors of olivascens. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 47 Myiarchus lawrencei querulus subsp. nov. QUERULOUS FLYCATCHER. Type. No. 185,220, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From Los Reyes, Michoacan, Mexico. Collected February 17, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Breeding range. Southern end of Mexican tableland from central Jalisco, Michoacan, Hidalgo and state of Mexico south through Colima, Guerrero, part of Puebla and Oaxaca to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, where it passes into true lawrencei. Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Arid Tropical to Upper Sonoran. Subspecific characters. Color most like platyrhynchus but size larger (almost equalling lawrencei from northeastern Mexico), and inner borders of tail feathers usually more or less edged with buffy. Description of fresh plumage. Crown nearly clove brown, with a slight wash of olive, distinctly darker than back; back slightly grayish olive but darker and more greenish than in olivascens; upper tail coverts dark hair brown, more or less bordered and shaded with cinnamon; outer edges of tail feathers thinly bordered with russet; wing coverts tipped with Isabella color; secondaries and all but outer primaries narrowly edged with russet; chin, throat and breast clear ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts rich straw yellow; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually narrowly bordered with ochracepus buffy. Young in first plumage. The same as in lawrencei, but paler, especially on crown and underparts. Measurements. Averages of ten adult males: Wing, 86.1 (83-90); tail, 83.3 (80-86); culmen, 17.3 (17-18); tarsus, 19.6 (19-20). Averages of five adult females: Wing, 81.6 (78-87); tail, 79.2 (76-83); culmen, 17(16.5-17.5); tarsus, 19.4(19-20). General notes. Specimens of the present form have hitherto been con fused with the smaller and paler olivascens, but the Biological Survey series from all parts of western and southern Mexico make it plain that there are two recognizable forms on the mainland north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The southern one, querulus, occupies an area lying between the more arid home of olivascens and the still more humid one of true lawrencei. One of the unexpected characters of querulus is its large size almost the same as of lawrencei of northeastern Mexico, and considerably exceeding that of olivascens or of the representatives of lawrencei where their two ranges come in contact. Its large size also separates it at once from platyrhynchus. It is paler than lawrencei and with less strongly marked rufous borders to wings and tail. Some spec imens, especially from Hidalgo and certain other tableland localities, sometimes lack the buffy inner edging to the tail feathers, but their large size and general coloration distinguishes them. 48 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway. OLIVACEOUS FLYCATCHER. 1884. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, p. 91. Type locality. Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca. Type No. 57,655 U. S. National Museum. Breeding range. Southern Arizona and thence south in western Mex ico, west of the Sierra Madre to northern Tepic. Migrates from northern part of its range south throughout southwest ern Mexico to Chiapas and inland through Michoacan and Guerrero. Resident in southern part of breeding range. Zonal distribution. Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Decidedly smaller than true lawrencei; upper parts grayer and rectrices only slightly if at all edged with pale cinna mon. Description of fresh plumage. Crown olive brown, but slightly darker than back; back grayish olive with but slight if any indication of green ish: upper tail coverts hair brown usually but not always edged with pale cinnamon; outer edges of tail feathers, secondaries and all but two outer primaries edged with slightly darker shade of cinnamon; wing coverts vary from drab to Isabella color; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually plain dusky but sometimes with a slight buffy edge along inner border; chin, throat and breast ashy gray; abdomen and under tail coverts varying from sulphur yellow to straw yellow. Measurements of specimens from southern Arizona: Averages of ten adult males: Wing, 81.5 (76-85); tail, 77.9 (73-81); culmen. 16.6 (16-17); tarsus, 18.9 (18-20). Averages of ten adult females: Wing, 76.4 (75-78); tail, 72.5 (70-75); culmen, 16.1 (15-17); tarsus, 18.1 (17.5-19). General notes. The type of olivascens came from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, close to the border of Chiapas, where the resident birds are nearly typical lawrencei both in size and color. The type of olivascens is in winter plumage and agrees in every way with birds from northwestern Mexico and southern Arizonia. From this it is practically certain that this individual was a winter visitant from the north. The birds of southern Arizona may be considered typical of the form. M. olivascens is apparently not numerous in winter south of Guerrero. The Bangs collection contains one specimen taken on April 4, at Patzcuaro, Michoacan, which was probably a migrant. Among a series of over fifty specimens at hand only a few have indications of a buffy border along the inner edge of the tail feathers, and most of these are intergrades from along the southern border of its range where it merges into querulus. There is also a gradual increase southward in size. Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. 49 Myiarchus lawrencei tresmariae subsp. nov. TRES MARIAS FLYCATCHER. Type. No. 156,810, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From Maria Madre Island, Tepic, Mexico. Collected May 5, 1897, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Breeding range. Tres Marias Islands, Tepic Ty., Mexico. Not mi gratory. Zonal distribution. Arid Tropical. Subspecific characters. Palest and grayest of the forms of lawrencei, with slight buffy borders on inner webs of inner tail feathers; bill pro portionately longer and broader than in olivascens. Description of slightly worn plumage. Upperparts hair brown, only slightly darker on crown; upper tail coverts drab thinly edged with pale cinnamon; tail feathers thinly edged externally with same; inner pri maries and secondaries very finely edged externally with same; wing coverts tipped with drab; chin, throat and breast dingy ash gray, duller than in olivascens; abdomen and under tail coverts straw yellow; inner webs of inner tail feathers usually with narrow border of buffy ; bill larger and broader than in olivascens. Measurements. Adult male (type); Wing, 79; tail, 75; culmen, 18; width of culmen, 9; tarsus, 21. Average of seven adult females: Wing, 76.1 (73-30); tail, 74.4 (70-79). culmen, 16.8 (16-18); width of culmen, 9.1 (9-9.5); tarsus, 19.6(19-20.5); General notes. The present form only needs comparison with olivas cens, from which it is easily distinguished by the characters mentioned. Myiarchus nigriceps Sclater. BLACK CROWNED FLYCATCHER. 1860. Myiarchus nigriceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 68. Type locality. Pallatanga, Ecuador. Type in British Museum. Breeding range. Over a large part of northern South America from the valley of the Amazon to Panama (including San Miguel Island). Not migratory. Zonal distribution. Mainly Humid Tropical but ranging above this to 9500 feet in Peru (Biologia Cent. -Am., II, p. 96). Specific characters. Crown slaty black; back olive greenish; wings and tail of adult without rufous edgings. Description of fresh plumage. Crown slaty black; back olive greenish; upper tail coverts hair brown slightly edged with tawny olive; tail feathers edged externally with hair brown varying to isabella color; outer web of outer feather drab, paler than inner web; inner webs plain dusky; outer primaries without external edging; inner primaries with 50 Nelson North American Mainland Myiarchus. or without a fine grayish edging; secondaries narrowly edged with light drab often tinged with greenish; tertials dingy whitish sometimes in clining to drab; wing coverts drab; inner borders of wing feathers sal mon buffy; chin, throat and breast ash gray; abdomen and under tail coverts canary yellow varying to sulphur yellow. Description of young in first plumage. Crown dull sooty black; back dingy olive: upper tail coverts sepia brown edged with dark russet; wing coverts, tertials and secondaries rusty cinnamon, palest on tertials; inner primaries thinly edged with russet; inside of wing feathers bordered with salmon buffy; tail feathers narrowly bordered on both webs by cinnamon rufous; chin, throat and breast ashy gray; abdomen and un- , der tail coverts primrose yellow. Measurements. Averages of ten adult males from northern Colombia: Wing, 81.7 (80-83); tail, 76.3 (74-78); culmen, 17.1 (17-18); tarsus, 19.6 (18.5-20.5). Averages of five adult females from northern Colombia: Wing, 77.2 (73-83); tail, 72 (68-76); culmen, 16.6(16-17); tarsus, 19.4(18-20.5). General notes. The adults of this species in size and general style of coloration resemble M. nigricapillus and M. bangsi, except that they completely lack the rufous edgings to wings and tail found in those birds. The first plumage of nigriceps is much like the young of law- rencei but the upper parts are darker and the rufous borders to the tail feathers are decidedly narrower. Whether the ranges of this species and M. bangsi overlap or are complementary remains to be determined. Myiarchus brunneiceps Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 327, June, 1861, from Lion Hill, Panama, is a synonym of M. nigriceps. M. nigriceps is a wide ranging South American species with M. law- rencei and subspecies as its nearest relatives in North America. VOL. XVII, PP. 51-52 MARCH 10, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW BATRACHIAN FROM SARAWAK, BORNEO. BY THOMAS BARBOUR. Among a small collection of Batrachians taken in Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. W. T. Hornaday, there are two specimens of an apparently un- described species of toad. This species is nearly related to Nectes subasper Tschndi, from Java. Nectes obscurus sp. nov. Differing from N. subnsper in the size of the tympanum ; the size of the nostrils; the width of the upper eyelid; and in the distinctness of the metatareal tubercles. Head rather small ; snout oblique and obtusely angular; nostrils very small, opening upward and slightly outward ; upper eyelid wide; space between the eyes rather broad ; tympanum distinct but small, less than one-half the diameter of the eye ; fingers slender, the first a very little shorter than the second ; toes long and slender, united by a rather nar row membrane ; subarticular tubercles distinct ; two large metatarsal tubercles. When the hind limb is carried forward along the body, the tarso-metatarsal articulation reaches a considerable distance beyond the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces and sides covered with round and con ical warts of unequal size, the largest evidently porous and arranged in two irregular lines on the dorsal surface. The lower surfaces are cov ered with rather fine granules of unequal size. Color (alcoholic specimens), olivaceous above, lighter below; the hind legs banded and mottled with a darker color. Type No. 2396, Barbour collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 4-Pnoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904 (51) VOL. XVII, PP. 53-54 MA&CH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON HAPLOMYLOMYS, A NEW SUBGENUS OF PEROMYSCUS. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. The genus Peromyscus, as at present recognized, contains a larger number of species than any other North American genus of mammals. It has a comparatively wide range, and, although subject to numerous minor variations, preserves its essential characters with remarkable uni formity. Thus far only two sub- generic names have been proposed for subordinate groups within the genus Baiomys, erected by True in 1894 * for the tiny species P. taylori, and Megadontomys, pro posed by Merriam in 1898 f for the largest species of the genus P. thomasi. Both of these are well characterized, but represent abej.*- rant types rather than assem blages of species. Baiomys con tains only two well-marked spe cies (each possibly divisible into i -i >. T -n/r ^ FIG. 1. A. Upper molars of Peromuscus several subspecies) and Megadon- ( Peromyscu v S ) felipensis . B . u PP er mo- tomys is represented by Only the \*.vsofPeromyscus(Haplomylomys)caU- type species and two closely re- fornicus ' (About> lated forms. All the other species are at present retained in *Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 758, 1894. fProc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XII, pp. 115-116, April 30, 1898; see also Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXIX, p. 27, 1902, where Megadontomys is given generic rank. 5 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904 (53) 54 Osgood Haplomylomys, a New Subgenus of Peromyscus. the restricted genus Peromyscus, typified by the common P. lencopus of the eastern United States. A small group containing two well-known species and numer ous subspecies found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico seems also worthy of subgeneric recognition. Although not differing as a group in any external characters that are diagnostic, it is sharply defined by peculiarities of the molar teeth, which are so con stant and, comparatively speaking, so pronounced as to be of considerable significance. The important forms of this group are P. eremicus and P. califomicus, characterized b} 7 a less complex tuberculation of the molar teeth than in Peromyscus proper or in Megadontomys. In the ordinary type of Peromyscus there is a small accessory tubercle between the primary outer tubercles of the first and second upper molars. In unworn teeth these tiny tubercles are scarcely notice able, except as viewed in profile. When the crowns of the molars become worn, however, they appear as narrow enamel loops with closely appressed sides, lying between the more or less open primary loops. These small tubercles are not present in the group heretofore loosely called the ' eremicus ' group. They are also absent in Baiomys, which, however, is otherwise peculiar. The} 7 are developed to various degrees in various species, in some being difficult to observe, except in teeth that have been sub jected to considerable wear. Apparently they are least promi nent in P. crinitas and its close allies. The appearance of partly worn teeth is shown in the accom- pan} 7 ing reproduction of photographs of actual specimens. For purposes of illustration, two of the larger species were selected. In essential characters their teeth do not differ from those of the type species of their respective groups. The new subgenus may be characterized as follows : Haplomylomys subgen. nov. Type. Peromyscus eremicus (Baird), from Fort Yuma, California. Characters. Size medium or small ; pelage usually very soft and silky ; tail longer than head and body, subterete, rather thinly haired; soles of hind feet naked (at least in median line) to calcaneum, 6-tuberculate and paved with minute imbricate scales ; skull with cranium rather large and rostral region relatively weak ; first and second upper molars with three salient and two reentrant outer angles at all stage? of wear; small secondary tubercles never present between outer primary tubercles ; lower molars correspondingly simple. VOL. XVII, PP. 55-77 MARCH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THIRTY NEW MICE OF THE GENUS PEROMYSCUS FROM MEXICO AND GUATEMALA. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. The mice of the genus Peromyscus, so well represented in the United States and so well known for their numerous specific and subspecific variations, reach their highest development south of our borders in Mexico. This is the region of their greatest abundance, both in actual numbers and in specific types. Some are closely related to forms found in the United States, but the majority are entirely different. The thorough work of E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman in this region has resulted in the acquisition of very large numbers of specimens of this genus, and now for the first time it is possible to learn the number and diversity of their specific and sub- specific forms. Specimens of Peromyscus, from Mexico and Guatemala alone, to the number of nearly 3,400, are now in the collection of the U. S. Biological Survey. This is unquestion ably in excess of the combined number in all other collections in the world, and it is therefore not surprising that a compara tively large number of new forms should be found among them. The descriptions herewith are presented in advance of a revision of the entire genus, now in preparation, in which it is hoped that all the known forms may be fully discussed. I take pleasure in making acknowledgments to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, to whom I owe the opportunity of elaborating this G PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904 (65) 56 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. rich material and to whom I am indebted for much valued criticism and advice. It was also my privilege to be somewhat associated with Dr. Merriam during his preparation of a pre liminary paper on the same group several years ago,* an expe rience which is now of the utmost value to me. During the work I have been greatly assisted by Mr. Nelson, and the ad vantage of having at my disposal his intimate knowledge of the physiographic conditions of Mexico has been much appreciated. Subgenus Peromyscus Gloger. Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus subsp. nov. Type from Escalon, Chihuahua, Mexico. Adult female, No. 57,635, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, November 27, 1893, E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. sonoriensis, f but smaller ; tail shorter ( usually less than 75) ; color more vinaceous. Color. Type, in full winter pelage : Upper parts vinaceous buff, uni formly sprinkled with dusky; a narrow lateral line of vinaceous buff ; lanuginous ear tufts conspicuous, mixed white and buff; under parts creamy white ; ears chiefly whitish with a wide dusky area on flexure ; tail sharply bicolor ; feet white, ankles with traces of dusky and buffy. Skull. Similar to that of sonoriensis, but somewhat smaller ; nasals averaging wider, particularly at their posterior ends. Measurements. Type: Total length, 145; tail vertebrae, 61; hind foot, 21. Average of seven adult topotypes: 161; 69; 21.4. Skull of type: Greatest length, 25.4; basilar length of Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8 x 1.9 ; nasals, 9.8 x 2.5 ; bony palate, 3.5 ; palatine slits, 5.7 x 2 ; diastema, 6.7 ; postpalatal length, 9.1 ; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks. This is the common short-tailed mouse of northeastern Mexico. The limits of its range have not yet been thoroughly worked out, but it is represented from numerous localities in Mexico east of the Sierra Madre and extends north to western Texas. It is easily distin guished from P. texanus of the same region by numerous characters, among which may be mentioned the following : Size smaller ; tail shorter ; color more vinaceous ; pelage softer; subauricular spots more prominent and nearly always extensively white; nasals broader and flatter; pre- maxillse less swollen laterally ; braincase smaller. Its vinaceous color and small size distinguish it from sonoriensis. which is found chiefly west of the Sierra Madre. * These Proceedings, Vol. XII, pp. 115-125, April 30, 1898. tNos. fffff and f Hf U. S. N. M., from Santa Cruz River, Sonora, have been used to represent P. sonoriensis. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 57 Peromyscus sonoriensis fulvus subsp. nov. Type from Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult male, No. 68,655, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 12, 1894, E. \V. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. sonoriensis, but color darker and more rufes- cent; skull with anterior part of z} r goma heavier and more deeply notched by infraorbital foramen. Color. General color of upper parts russet, deepening in middle of back to mars brown and Front's brown ; under parts creamy white; ear tufts prominent, buffy or pale creamy ; tail sharply bicolor, brown above, white below; feet and forelegs white ; outer side of ankles brownish. Skull. Similar to that of P. sonoriensis but more angular ; anterior part of zygoma heavier and more deeply notched by infraorbital foramen ; similar to that of P. labecula but smaller and shorter; zygomata not so heavy nor so broadly expanding anteriorly; nasals rather short and broad. Measurements. Type: Total length, 167; tail vertebrae, 68; hind foot, 22. Average of 10 adults from Chalchicomula, Puebla: 162 (150-183); 71.5 (65-78); 22. Skull of type: Greatest length, 25; basilar length of Hensel, 19.5; zygornatic width, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 4 ; inter- parietal, 8x2.1; nasals, 10; bony palate, 3.7; palatine slits, 5.6x2; diastema, 6.5; postpalatal length, 8.7; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks. P. s. fulvus is the southernmost representative of the well- known sonoriensis group of small short-tailed mice. It is found from Oaxaca north to Puebla and parts of Vera Cruz and Hidalgo. Its near relatives are P. s. blandus and P. s. labecula.* In general terms, blandus is small and vinaceous, fulvus is medium sized and rufescent, and labecula is large and more inclined to duskiness. The intergradation of all three and their connection with typical sonoriensis are scarcely to be doubted. Peromyscus texanus mesomelas subsp. nov. Type from Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Adult male, No. 58,210, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, January 20, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Most similar to P. t. mearusi ; color darker; tail shorter; hind foot larger; a small pectoral spot present; adolescents with an in tense black dorsal stripe. Color. Adult: General effect of upper 'parts pale Prout's brown, pro duced by fawn ground color with a liberal mixture of dusky ; sides prac tically unicolor with back; no definite dusky markings about head; under parts creamy white except a small but distinct pectoral spot of fawn color; ears dusky with whitish edges; feet white, ankles dusky * Elliot, Field Col. Mus., Zool. Ser., Ill, pp. 143-144, March, 1903. 58 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. brownish ; tail bicolor. Immature : Similar in general to adult, but more sooty; sides dark mouse gray, tinged with fawn and bordered by a nar row fawn-colored lateral line; a broad stripe in median dorsal region in tense black ; ankles sooty ; tail indistinctly bicolor. Skull. Similar to that of P. t. mearnsi, but with braincase averaging slightly larger and wider ; nasals rather long and palatine slits usually corresponding. Measurements. Type: Total length, 169; tail vertebrae, 76; hind foot, 23. Skull of type : Greatest length, 26.5 ; basilar length of Hensel, 20.2 ; zygornatic width, 13.6 ; interorbital constriction, 4 ; interparietal, 8.6 x 2.3 ; nasals, 10.4 ; bony palate, 3.8 ; palatine slits, 5.2 x 2 ; diastema, 6.9 ; post- palatal length, 9.1 ; upper molar series, 3.7. Remarks. Although this form is very well characterized, there seems to be no doubt that it is connected, through P. t. mearnsi, with P. texanus and others of the same group. Specimens from Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, are quite evidently intermediate, and a series from Metlaltoyuca, Puebla, while distinctly referable to mesomelas, shows some tendencies toward mearnsi. P. mesomelas is also related to P. ajfinis, which is a much paler form and not apt to be confused with it. Like mearnsi and affinis, it has short and relatively harsh pelage somewhat different from that of most other Mexican species. Peromyscus texanus castaneus subsp. nov. Type from vicinity of Yohaltun, Campeche, Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 107,980, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection, December 19, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. t. mesomelas, but smaller and more ferruginous colored; under parts without pectoral spot; adolescents without black dorsal stripe ; skull and teeth small. Color. Type, in fresh pelage: General color of upper parts between Prout's brown and burnt umber, clearer on sides, darker on back ; ground color rich dark fawn ; ho definite lateral line; under parts pure white; feet white ankles brownish. Topotype No. 107,982, in slightly worn pelage: Sides and upper parts nearly uniform cinnamon rufous with scarcely any dusky ad mixture and only a narrow line on back somewhat deeper colored than rest of upper parts. Immature: As in adult but grayer. Skull. Rather small and light; braincase relatively narrow; nasals and palatine slits short; molar teeth small; otherwise similar to P. t. mesomelas. Measurements. Average of 10 adult topotypes : Total length, 163 (156- 169) ; tail vertebrae, 73 (68-79) ; hind foot, 21.5 (20-22). Skull of type: Greatest length, 25.3; basMar length of Hensel, 19; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x2.3; nasals, 9.3; bony palate, 4 ; palatine slits, 4.2 x 1.9 ; diastema, 6.2 ; postpalatal length, 9.5 ; upper molar series, 3.5. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 59 Remarks. P. L castaneus is nearly the same color as P. cozumelee, which is closely related. P. cozumelse differs chiefly in larger size and heavier teeth. No specimens from the humid tropical region between Orizaba and Yohaltun are at hand, but castaneus is not sufficiently different from mesomelas to warrant full specific rank. P. affinis is a related form of the adjacent arid tropics, and much paler than either castaneus or mesomelas. Peromyscus melanotis zamelas subsp. nov. Type from Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico (altitude 6700 feet). Adult female, No. 98,197, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 23, 1899, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar in general to P. melanotis but coloration more sooty ; size small ; tail short ; skull not peculiar. Color. Sides dark cinnamon rufous, densely clouded with sooty ; broad stripe from top of head to base of tail intense black ; orbital ring and base of whiskers black ; sides of face suffused with sooty ; a cinnamon rufous patch below eye continuous with a narrow lateral line of the same color ; feet white; tail sharply bicolor, black above, white below; under parts white subdued by plumbeous under-color. Skull. Practically as in melanotis; size quite small; molar teeth par ticularly small. Measurements. Type: Total length, 160; tail vertebrae, 63 ; hind foot, 20. Skull of type : Greatest length, 25.9 ; basilar length of Hensel, 19.3 ; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x2.2; nasals, 11; bony palate, 3.8; palatine slits, 5.3x2.1; diastema, 7; post- palatal length, 8.5; upper molar series, 3.3. Peromyscus attwateri pectoralis subsp. nov. Type from Jalpan, Queretaro, Mexico. Adult male, No. 81,236, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 30, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. attwateri, but richer colored and having a prominent buffy pectoral spot; tail longer; size medium (hind foot 21- 23); superficially similar to P. eremicus ; color darker and more vinaceous ; pelage slightly less silky ; tail longer and more hairy; soles of hind feet naked or with slight hairiness on heel ; ankles usually white ; skull rather heavy ; molar teeth with small accessory tubercles of subgenus Pero myscus. Color. Type, in fresh fall pelage: Ground color of upper parts pale ochraceous buff with a thick sprinkling of dusky, producing an effect nearly the shade of wood brown ; sides of head behind eyes grayish ; a narrow blackish orbital ring; a distinct buffy ochraceous pectoral spot usually present ; feet, and in most cases ankles, white ; under parts white ; tail dusky above, white below. 60 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Skull. About as in P. allwateri ; somewhat similar to that of P. levipes but smaller, with smaller teeth; lachrymal region less swollen; nasals rather long and broad ; zygomata somewhat compressed anteriorly, not elbowed squarely ; premaxillae usually ending beyond nasals; interpari- etal rather large; audital bullpe quite small, smaller than \nlevipesor eremicus. Measurements. Type: Total length, 210; tail vertebrae, 114; hind foot, 22. Average of 10 adults from various localities: 200; 112; 21.5. Skull of type: Greatest length, 27; basilar length of Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 13.7 ; interorbital constriction, 4.2 ; nasals, 9.9 ; bony palate, 3.7 ; palatine slits, 4.9 x 2; diastema, 6.3; postpalatal length, 9.4; upper molar series, 3.8. Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides subsp. nov. Type .from Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Adult male, No. 57,729, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 15, 1893, E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. atlwateri, but smaller and paler; skull small and light; audital bullae very small ; ears small; soles of hind feet naked. Color. Upper parts mixed pinkish buff and dusky, producing the gen eral effect of pale broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish buff; underparts pure creamy white without trace of pectoral spot; facial region between eye and ear grayish; feet and ankles white; tail dusky above, white below. In some specimens, doubtless the younger ones, the general effect is gray, while in others a delicate shade of pinkish buff predomi nates. Skull. Similar in general to that of attwateri but decidedly smaller ; audital bullse very small ; nasals short ; interorbital constriction rela tively wide; rostrum depressed. Measurements. Type and one topotype : Total lengths, 180 ; 195 ; tail vertebrae, 102; 111; hind feet, 20; 21. Skull of type: Greatest length, 24; basilar length of Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital con striction, 3.9 ; interparietal, 8.3 x 3; nasals, 8.5 ; bony palate, 3.5; pala tine slits, 4.5 x 1.5; diastema, 5.8; postpalatal length, 8.5; upper molar series, 3.5. Remarks. This form is readily distinguishable from both attwateri and pectoralis by its pale color, small ears, and very small skull. Its resem blance to P. eremicus, particularly in immature and worn pelages, is re markable. The only external characters by which it may be distin guished are its longer, slightly more hairy tail and pure white ankles. Neither of these characters, however, is to be depended upon, as the tail in eremicus is often quite hairy, and the dusky on the ankle frequently so little developed as to be scarcely apparent. The molar enamel pattern, except in extremely worn teeth, is always diagnostic, eremicoides having the small accessory cusps and eremicus being without them. Specimens examined. Total number 10, from localities in Mexico as follows: Coahuila, Jimulco, 4; Durango, Inde, 4, Mapimi, 2. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 61 Peromyscus polius sp. nov. Type from Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico. Old female, No. 98,226, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 26, 1899, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Somewhat similar to P. boylei rowleyi, but decidedly larger and grayer colored ; skull large and stoutly built, with large teeth and relatively small audital bullse. Color. General color of upper parts grayish broccoli brown, produced by a ground color of pinkish buff mixed with dusky ; lateral line clear pinkish buff; head slightly more grayish than body, particularly on cheeks ; a narrow dusky orbital ring ; lanuginous tuft at base of ear occa sionally tinged with white ; under parts pure white ; feet and ankles white ; tail bicolor. Skull. Similar in general to that of rowleyi, but larger ; molar teeth de cidedly larger ; palatine slits longer ; audital bullse actually about same size, relatively smaller ; otherwise not peculiar. Measurements. Average of 8 adult topotypes : Total length, 218.5 (210-234); tail vertebrae, 117 (111-120); hind foot, 25.8 (25-26). Skull of type : Greatest length, 29.9 ; basilar length of Hensel, 22.9 ; zygomatic width, 14.8; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10.5 x 2.8; nasals, 11.6; bony palate, 4.4 ; palatine slits, 6 x 2 ; diastema, 7.4; post- palatal length, 10 ; upper molar series, 4.7. Remarks. This species nearly equals P. drfficilis in size, but its shorter tail and ears readily distinguish it without recourse to the skull, in which the audital bullse are scarcely more than half the size of those of difficUis. Its real relationship is undoubtedly with rowleyi and attwateri. It is appar ently an isolated species, and is not the general Mexican representative of this group, for practically typical rowleyi occurs as far south at least as central Zacatecas. Its pure white ankles, as well as its large size and pale color, afford convenient characters for readily recognizing it. Peromyscus gratus gentilis subsp. nov. Type from Lagos, Jalisco, Mexico. Adult male, No. 78,937, U. S. Na tional Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 27, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. gratus but paler ; sides of head much more fulvous; molar teeth slightly smaller. Color. New pelage: Upper parts pale ochraceous buff lightly mixed with dusky ; middle of back with a slight concentration of dusky tipped hairs ; top of head, ear tufts, etc., with a predominance of buffy ; sides of head nearly clear ochraceous buff, with a slight tinge of grayish be tween eye and base of ear ; eyelids black ; under parts white ; hands and feet white; ankles dusky; tail bicolor, blackish above, white below. Worn pelage : Upper parts varying from clear bright ochraceous buff on back and rump to grayish buft about head and shoulders, sometimes with 62 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. a fine mixture of cinnamon tipped hairs throughout ; under parts white ; tail dusky brownish above, white below. Skull. As in typical P. grains, having the same large braincase, short depressed rostrum, and relatively large audital bullse; molar teeth slightly smaller. Measurements. Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 201 (194- 210); tail vertebrae, 111.7 (103-120); hind foot, 23.8 (23-24.5). Skull of type: Greatest length, 27.2; zygomatic width, 14; nasals, 9.5; inter- orbital constriction, 4.4 ; upper molar series, 4. Remarks. Apparently there are two forms of the P. grains type found in Mexico, one very dark with dusky grayish head and cheeks, the other much paler with less dusky or grayish and more ochraceous on the head and cheeks. The extreme of the dark form is shown in a series from Zamora, Michoacan. Typical grains from Tlalpam, Mexico, is unques tionably referable to the dark form, although not so extreme as the specimens from Zamora. The light form, which is therefore named, is most extreme in specimens from Lagos, Jalisco. Various degrees of in- tergradation are shown by specimens from a number of localities. Peromyscus amplus sp. nov. Type from Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult female, No. 70,158, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, November 12, 1894, E. VV. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Most similar to P.felipensis, but very much paler; pelage long and soft; color very uniform, with scarcely any dark dorsal area; skull with somewhat inflated braincase. Color. Type : General effect of upper parts uniform clay color produced by a ground color of ochraceous buff and a fine ' peppery' mixture of dusky ; lateral line rather broad, ochraceous buff; forehead and orbital region from posterior base of whiskers to ear grayish ; anterior base of whiskers buffy ; under parts creamy white with a well-developed ochrace ous buff pectoral spot ; feet white, ankles dusky ; tail white below, dusky brownish above. Skull. Very similar to that of felipensis, but braincase slightly higher and more inflated; anterior part of skull depressed; audital bullae large. Measurements. Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 248 (235-260); tail vertebrae, 136 (128-145); hind foot, 27 (26-28). Skull of type : Greatest length, 30.4 : basilar length of Hensel, 23 ; zygomatic width, 10.4 ; interorbital constriction, 4.5 ; interparietal, 10.4 x 3.7 ; nasals, 11.3; bony palate, 4.6; palatine slits, 6 x 2.3; diastema, 7.9 ; postpalatal length, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.8. Remarks. P. felipensis, to which amplus is related, is essentially a black mouse, whereas the predominating color of amplus is ochraceous buff, and except in conditions of fresh new pelage there is scarcely any black. The pelage has a peculiar quality about it which baffles description, but which differs to a certain extent in having less gloss or luster than in most Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 63 species. In this respect it approaches a similar condition frequently found in specimens of the melanophrys type. It is easily distinguished from melanophrys by the absence of any definite supraorbital ridge and by its larger audital bullse. Its relationship to difficilis is by no means remote, but its skull differs in the same respects as that of felipensis. Specimens examined. Total number, 65, from localities in Mexico as follows : Oaxaca, Coixtlahuaca, 16, Marques, 5, Tamazulapam, 13 ; Puebla, Chalchicomula, 9 ; Tlaxcala, Apixaco, 2 ; Vera Cruz, Maltrata, 5, Perote, 1 5. Peromyscus bullatus sp. nov. Type from Perote, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Adult female, No. 54,405, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, June 3, 1893, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Related to P. truei and P. difficilis ; audital bullse greatly inflated, larger than in any other known species of the genus; external ears very large ; tail shorter than head and body. Color. Very similar to that of P. truei, but richer, more tawny ; sides and ground color of upper parts tawny ochraceous; middle of back with considerable dusky producing a broccoli brown effect ; top of head and nose broccoli brown ; sides of head between base of ear and eye distinctly grayish; a narrow dusky orbital ring; under parts pure creamy white; feet white with a dusky patch on ankle; tail bicolor. Skull. Similar in general to that of P. truei ; smaller than in P. difficilis ; audital bullse very much inflated, actually as well as relatively larger than in any other known species of the genus ; braincase rounded and some what inflated, much as in truei ; interorbital constriction relatively wider than in difficilis; nasals and palatine slits rather long; molar teeth large, actually larger than those of truei and nearly equalling those of difficilis. Measurements. Type : Total length, 200 ; tail vertebrae, 93 + ; hind foot, 23; ear from notch (measured dry), 25. Skull of type: Greatest length, 28.9; basilar length of Hensel, 22; /ygomatic width, 14.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10x3; nasals, 10.4; bony palate, 4.2; palatine slits, 5.8 x 2 ; diastema, 8.3; postpalatal length, 10; upper molar series, 4.3; greatest diameter of audital bullse, 6.5. Remarks. The relationships of this rather remarkable mouse are clearly with P. truei and P. difficilis. Its short tail * and light color are sufficient to distinguish it from difficilis at a glance, and its enormous audital bullse separate it at once from truei. The external ears are also very large, slightly exceeding those of difficilis as well as of all other species. There is only the one specimen in the collection, in spite of the fact that its habitat is in the state of Vera Cruz, where reasonably thorough collecting has been done. *The tail of the type is not quite perfect, having lost the extreme tip, but it is very evident that it was naturally much shorter than that of difficilis. 7 Puoc. BIOL. Sue. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. 64 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus spicilegus evides subsp. nov. Type from Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult male, No. 71,426, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, February 28, 1895, E.W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Color as in spicilegus except upper side of hind foot, which has a wedge-shaped dusky area extending: from ankles nearly to base of toes; skull larger and heavier; teeth much larger. Color. Upper parts rich tawny, very slightly mixed with dusky, the dusky somewhat concentrated medially ; a narrow black orbital ring and small spot at base of whiskers; under parts creamy white with a small pectoral spot of tawny; tail blackish above, white below ; forearm sooty to wrist, hands white; ankle and proximal half of foot sooty except on sides. Skull. As in spicilegus but larger; molar teeth decidedly heavier. Measurements. Average of 5 adult topotypes: Total length, 211; tail vertebrae, 106; hind foot, 25. Skull of type: G reatest length, 29 ; basilar length of Hensel, 22; KygOmatic width, 14.4; interorbital constriction, 4.6; interparietal,9.3 x3.2; nasals, 11.5; bony palate, 4.7 ; palatine slits, 5.6; diastema, 17; postpalatal length, 9.1; upper molar series, 5. Remarks. P. spidlegus and closely related forms are represented in the Biological Survey Collection by a large number of specimens from nearly all the mountainous parts of Mexico. Among these there is much local and individual variation, and there seems to be no strongly marked ten dency to differentiation into forms occupying general areas. The small series from Juquila are markedly larger than spicilegus, and this differ ence in size is emphasized by the skull and teeth. A large series from Los Reyes, Michoacan, appears to be intermediate between spicilegus and evides. Peromyscus spicilegus simulus subsp. nov. Type from San Bias, Tepic, Mexico. Adult male, No. 88,088, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, April 18, 1897, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar in general color to P. spicilegus ; skull smaller and with decidedly shorter nasals. Color. About as in P. spicilegus ; general color of upper parts cinnamon rufous with a darker dorsal area ; under parts white, usually with a small rufous pectoral spot; feet white, ankles dusky; tail usually bicolor, but sometimes not perfectly so. Skull. Somewhat similar to that of spicilegus, but smaller and more angular; nasals and rostra] part of skull decidedly shorter; parietal nar rower and less shelf-like; premaxillse not exceeding nasals; zygomata rather heavy and 'squared' anteriorly; molar teeth very small; bony palate short. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 65 Measurements. Average of 3 adult topotypes: Total length, 208; tail vertebrae, 111; hind foot, 23. Skull of type: Greatest length, 26.3; basilar length of Hensel, 20.3; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital con striction, 4.1 ; nasals, 9.4; bony palate, 3.6; palatine slits, 5.6 x 2; dias- tema, 7; postpalatal length, 9.4; upper molar series, 3.8. Remarks. P. fpic&egut is essentially a mountain animal, and is not usually found except at considerable elevations. Apparently the form from the lowlands of Tepic is its only coast representative. This is well characterized by cranial characters, although it does not differ markedly in color, being possibly a shade darker, but in this respect easily within the variation of the typical form. Specimens from Plomosas, Sinaloa, though referable to spicilegns, show some tendency toward simulus. Specimens examined. Total number, 10, from localities in Mexico, as follows: Tepic, Navarrete, 2, Kosario, 2, San Bias, 6. Peromyscus melanophrys zamorse subsp. nov. Type from Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 120,288, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, January 20, 1903, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. melanophrys, but averaging slightly larger and darker; a large tawny pectoral spot present;* skull comparatively broad and heavy, teeth large. Color. Similar in general to that of P. melanophrys, but apparently somewhat darker, the difference in this respect being very slight if any. Adults with a broad band of tawny across pectoral region between fore legs. Upper side of tail more nearly black than in melanophrys. Skull. Similar to that of melanophrys, but slightly larger and heavier; braincase fuller and broader; audital "bullae larger; supraorbital beads less trenchant and forming -ridges rather than shelves anteriorly; molar teeth larger; other characters similar. Measurements. Type: Total length, 260; tail vertebrae, 141 ; hind foot, 29. Average of 7 young adult topotypes: Total length, 259; tail verte- brie, 144 ; hind foot, 28.4. Skull. Two adults : Greatest length, 31.3-32 ; basilar length of Hensel, 25-25.9; zygomatic width, 16.5-16.9; nasals, 12-12; upper molar series, 4.7-4.8; palatine slits, 66 x 2.7-7 x 2.6. Remarks. All the adult specimens of this form thus far examined have the tawny pectoral marking highly developed. The majority of the series from Zamora are adolescents and exceptionally dark. Even those * The constancy of this character may be doubted, as it is of such irreg ular occurrence in this genus. In the present case, while not diagnostic, it seems to be a character of importance. Of 76 specimens of melanophrys and consobrinus, 4 only have pectoral spots, and these are small and in distinct. Of 19 typical specimens of zamorse, all have well-marked pec toral spots except 2 plumbeous young, which have only traces. 66 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. that have not passed beyond the plumbeous juvenile pelage are decidedly darker than comparable specimens of typical melanophrys. Two adults, however, show only very slightly darker shades than melanophrys. Speci mens from Zimapan, Hidalgo, are questionably referred to this form, but in cranial characters they approach consobrinus. Four specimens from Querendaro seem to be typical zamone. Specimens examined. Total number, 43, from localities in Mexico as follows: Hidalgo, Zimapan, 24 (aberrant); Michoacan, Querendaro, 4; Zamora, 15. Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus subsp. nov. Type from Berriozabal, Zacatecas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 79,626, U. 8. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 10, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. melanophrys, but tail slightly shorter; skull with larger audital bullse and other slight peculiarities. Geographic distribution. Southern part of Mexican tableland in the Sonoran zone. Color. As in melanophrys. Topotype No. 58,028, in full winter pelage (Dec.), has the upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous thickly lined with black to the edge of a narrow tawny lateral line ; orbital ring black, sharply contrasting with a grayish area about it which extends from the base of the whiskers around the eye to the anterior base of the ear ; under parts creamy white with a very small tawny pectoral spot ; tail bicolor, white below, dusky above ; feet creamy white, ankles dusky. Skull. Similar to that of melanophrys but somewhat shorter; nasals shorter and slightly broader; auditai bullse larger; braincase more bulg ing and less elongate. Measurements. Type: Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 131 ; hind foot, 26.5. Average of 5 adult topotypes: Total length, 256; tail vertebrae, 135 ; hind foot, 27.5. Skull of type : Greatest length, 30.8 ; basilar length of Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width, 16.3; interorbital constriction, 4.9; nasals, 11.1; upper molar series, 4.7; palatine slits, 6.6x2.5; bony palate, 4.4. Remarks. This is not a strongly marked subspecies, but its characters, such as they are, have great constancy throughout its range. It is appar ently the form of the Mexican tableland, but its distribution maybe con tinuous with that of zamoTveand thence with true melanophrys. Specimens from Zimapan, Hidalgo, appear to approach consobrinus in cranial char acters but retain the coloration of zamorx. Specimens examined. Total number 22 from localities in Mexico as follows: Aguas Calienles, Chicalote, 1; Guanajuato, Silao, 3; Jalisco, Colot- lan, 1; San Luis Potosi, Ahualulco, 1, Hacienda La Parada, 3; Zacatecas, Berriozabal, 12, Monte Escobedo, 1. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 67 Peromyscus xenurus sp. nov. Type from Durango, Duningo, Mexico. Adult female, No. 94,518, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 1, 1898, E. VV. Nel son and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar in size and proportions to P. melanoplmjs ; ground color more nearly fawn than tawny ; pectoral spot well developed ; tail black except a narrow ventral line of white; hind feet clouded with dusky. Color. Type, in fresh pelage except on rump : Ground color of upper parts grayish fawn color, gradually becoming more grayish anteriorly, so that with the strong mixture of black through it all the effect from the middle of the back forward passes from mixed fawn color through drab to hair brown ; the rump, which is still in worn pelage, is fawn color; lower cheeks bright fawn color blending with gray, which covers most of the face from the base of the ears forward to the nose ; under parts white except patch of bright fawn color extending from bases of forelegs across breast ; hind feet clouded with dusky brown to base of toes, which are creamy white ; tail black all around except a narrow stripe of white on the under side occupying scarcely more than one-fifth of the entire surface of the tail except distally, where, the diameter of the tail being very slight, it nearly covers the under side. Skull. Similar in general to that of P. m. consobrinus ; nasals noticeably shorter; anterior palatine foramina shorter; postpalatal notch shorter and wider. Measurements. The type and one adult topotype : Total length, 246-248 ; tail vertebrae, 142-140; hind foot, 28-28. Skull: Greatest length, 30 basilar length of Hensel, 23.8; zygomatic width, 115.5; interorbital width, 4.9; nasals, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.9; palatine slits, 5.7 x 2.3. Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from any other of the mdanophrys group by the combination of large pectoral spot, dusky hind feet, and peculiar tail with only a narrow line of white on the under side instead of the usual equal division of the light and dark. It is the north ernmost form of the melanophrys group, and at present is only known from two specimens from one locality, so there is doubtless much to be learned in regard to its distribution. Peromyscus zelotes sp. nov. Type from Querendaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Old female, No. 50,430, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 8, 1892, E. W. Nelson. Characters. Size about the same as P. levipes (hind foot, 23) ; tail slightly longer than head and body ; ears relatively about same size as in melanophrys ; color almost exactly as in P. melanophrys ; skull similar in general to that of P. melanophrys but much smaller. 68 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Color. Similar to that of P. rnelaiwphrys, but facial region more suffused with tawny and the gray very much reduced; somewhat similar to P. kvipes but paler throughout ; no trace of a pectoral spot. Skull. Similar in general to that of P. melanophrys but much smaller; audital bullte slightly smaller ; nasals shorter, interorbital space relatively wider; supraorbital beads obsolete; postpalatal notch narrow. Measurements. 'Ty\K (old $): Total length, 218; tail vertebrae, 115; hind foot, 23. Skull: Greatest length, 28.3; basilar length of Hensel, 21.6; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital width, 4.9 ; nasals, 10.6; upper molar series, 4.6 ; palatine slits, 5.6 x 2.4. Remarks. This species appears to be closely related cranially to P. melanophrys, but differs markedly from the other forms of the group in its small feet and short tail. It requires no serious comparison with P. kvipes, which has a widely different skull, with low shallow brain- case, posteriorly compressed nasals, small bullae, etc. Besides three from the type locality, one rather imperfect specimen from Tula, Hidalgo, seems referable to zelotes. It is somewhat brighter colored and differs slightly in cranial characters. Peromyscus banderanus vicinior subsp. nov. Type from La Salada, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult male, No. 126,503, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 23, 1903, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Distribution. Known from three localities in the State of Michoacan to the eastward of the range of typical P. banderanus. Characters. Darker than P. banderanus; skull narrower and anterior palatine foramina differently shaped ; otherwise similar. Color. Slightly darker and more vinaceous than in banderanus in worn or summer pelage ; decidedly darker in winter pelage, with a definite dusky median dorsal area; markings about eyes, whiskers, and ankles, sooty black instead of brown as in banderanus; upper side of tail sooty instead of brownish. Skull. Similar to that of banderanus, but braincase averaging slightly narrower ; anterior palatine foramina more nearly elliptical, being widest in the middle and narrowing toward each end. Measurements. Type: Total length, 216; tail vertebrae, 107 ; hind foot, 27. Average of 3 young adults from La Huacana, Michoacan, 233 ; 117; 24.5. Skulls of two adults :* Greatest length, 31-32; basilar length of Hensel, 23.3-24.1; zygomatic width, 14.3-14; interorbital width, 5-4.8; nasals, 11.8-12.4; interparietal, 3.7 x 10. 2-4.5 x 10.2; upper molar series, 4.6-4.4 ; palatine slits, 6 x 2.3-5.8 x 2.3. Remarks. This is an interior form of banderanus, only slightly charac terized but not entirely negligible. Two specimens taken in FebTuary at Los Reyes, Michoacan, present the fullest and newest pelage and show a * Measurements mentioned first are those of the type. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 69 considerable departure from typical banderanus. The small series from La Salada have uniformly narrow skulls, noticeably narrower than in banderanus, but specimens from Los Reyes and La Huacana indicate that this is not a stable character. It seems, however, to be worth mentioning. Specimens examined. Total number, 15, from localities in Mexico as fol lows: Guerrero, Acahuizotla, 3 ; Michoacan, La Huacana, 4, La Salada, 6, Los Reyes, 2. Peromyscus banderanus angelensis sp. nov. Type from Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico. Adult female, No. 71,442, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 13, 1895, K. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to typical P. banderanus, but slightly larger; skull with supraorbital bead nearly obsolete instead of being well developed. Color. Almost exactly as in P. banderanus; possibly averaging a trifle darker. Skull. Larger than in banderanus; braincase less elongate and inter parietal shorter; nasals longer; supraorbital edges reduced to simple shelves, much as in P. melanophrys, without an elevated bead bounded by a sulcus on the inner side ; molar teeth slightly larger than in bander- auus ; audital bullre about as in banderanus and aztecus, much smaller than in mrlannphrys. l^feasurements.Type: Total length, 235; tail vertebrae, 123 ; hind foot, 26.5. Average of 7 adult topotypes, 235 (222-258); 120 (112-128); 27 (26.5-28). Skull. Two adults: Greatest length, 31.3*-33.4; basilar length of Hensel, 23.4-24.9; zygomatic width, 15-15.4; interorbital width, 5.2-5; nasals, 11.7-12.8; interparietal, 3.6 x 10.6-3.4 x 11.2; upper molar series, 4.6-4.6; palatine slits, 6 x 2.4-5.7 x 2.4. Remarks. The naked soles of this form decide its affinities with ban deranus, and its color is also in accord, but its skull with the supraorbital beads nearly obliterated suggests that of P. aztecus. Close examination of detailed characters of the skull, however, leaves scarcely any room for doubt that its proper position is with banderanus. Specimens examined. Total number, 22; 20 from the type locality and 2 from Pluma, Oaxaca. Peromyscus mexicanus teapensis subsp. nov. Type from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico. Adult female, No. 100,022, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 25, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. m. totontepecus, but sides brighter and more contrasted with dark area in middle of back ; skull with thicker, heavier rostral region. * Measurements mentioned first are those of the type. 70 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Per omy soils. Color. Type: Sides rich chestnut shading into a well-defined blackish area in median dorsal region ; a narrow black orbital ring and spot at base of whiskers; under parts slate color overlaid with creamy white (no pectoral spot in type, but of frequent occurrence among series of topo- types) ; tail black except a few irregular spots of yellowish white on under side; fore feet white; hind feet white except a dark brown area extending, and decreasing in width, from ankles down nearly to base of toes. Skull. Similar to that of totontepecus, but with broader nasals and gener ally heavier and more thickened rostral region; anterior palatine for amina usually wider; infraorbital part of zygoma rather heavier than in totontepecus, but not squarely 'elbowed' as in mexicanus ; teeth about as in tolonlepecus, wider and heavier than in mexicanus. Measurements. Average of 10 adults from the type locality: Total length, 245 (234-254) ; tail vertelme, 129 (121-136) ; hind foot, 28 (27-28.5). Skull of type: Greatest length, 33; basilar length of Hensel, 24.6; zygomatic width, 16.2; nasals, 12.7; interorbital constriction, 5.4; pala tine slits, 6x2.9; upper molar series, 4.5; bony palate, 4.7; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 11.9. Remarks. Represented by a series of 17 specimens containing a good percentage of adults and showing very little variation. Two specimens from Montecristo, Tabasco, are decidedly paler, much as in true me.vi- canus. The form is not strongly marked, but ranks well with the others of the same group, which is a difficult one. The vicinity of Teapa, visited by Nelson and Goldman in the spring of 1900, is already well known for the dark, rich color of the animals found there. The pres ent subspecies is no exception. Peromyscus yucatanicus badius subsp. nov. Type from Apazote, Campeche, Mexico. Adult female, No. 108,016, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 28, 1900, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. yucatanicus but darker colored. Color. Decidedly darker than P. yucatanicus, having a median dorsal area with a strong ail mixture of black and more or less black on the sides except a narrow lateral line which is cinnamon rufous like the general ground color; under parts faintly suffused with yellow; a narrow black orbital ring ; hairs of tail blackish brown above, white below ; under side of tail beneath hairs chiefly yellowish white, but somewhat irregularly blotched with dusky ; feet white. Skull. As in P. yucatanicus. Measurements. Average of 10 topotypes : Total length, 193.4; tail vertebrae, 96.7; hind foot, 23.5. Skull of type: Greatest length, 28.2; basilar length of Hensel, 20.7; zygomatic width, 14.1; interorbital con striction, 4.7; interparietal, 9.2x3.1; nasals, 10.4; bony palate, 4.2; Osgood -Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 71 palatine slits, 5.3x2.2; diastema, 7; postpalatal length, 9.9; upper molar series, 4.1. Remarks. This slight form doubtless owes its dark color to its habitat in a more humid region than that of true yacatanicus. Its range is probably limited to the region of the base of the peninsula of Yucatan, as its nearest relatives known from west of that region are the larger and quite different forms of the mexicanus group. Specimens examined. Total number 19, all from the type locality. Peromyscus allophylus sp. nov. Type from Huehuetan, Chiapas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 77,657, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, February 21, 1896, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Size medium (hind foot 25) ; tail shorter than head and body; ears moderate, scantily haired ; coloration dark ; tail dusky black ish, unicolor, covered with small imbricate scales, much as in Oryzomys ; proximal third of soles of hind feet finely haired ; skull rather long and narrow ; teeth very small. Color. Sides mummy brown, deepening toward middle of back, causing a rather distinct median dorsal line of blackish brown ; under parts yellow ish white over slate-color, the latter showing through ; tail dusky black ish, unicolor; a black orbital ring and antorbital spot; feet whitish, scantily haired ; ankles dusky. SkuU. Rather long and narrow ; braincase elevated ; infraorbital notch scarcely evident; nasals rather short, slightly exceeded by premaxillse ; no supraorbital ridge ; palatine foramina rather large, longer than bony palate; audital bullee small, smaller than in aztecus or mexicanus; molar teeth very small ; interparietal small. Measurements. Type: Total length, 202; tail vertebrae, 95 ; hind foot, 25. Skull: Greatest length, 29.8; basilar length of Hensel,22.5; zygo- matic width, 14.5 ; interorbital constriction, 5 ; nasals, 1 1 ; bony palate, 4 ; palatine slits, 6x2.4; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 10.5; upper molar series, 4. Remarks. It is difficult to be certain what are the affinities of this pe culiar species. But for the size of its ears and shortness of its tail, it might well pass for an Oryzomys of the 0. chapmani group. Its dark, scaly tail immediately suggests Oryzomys, and the character and color of its pelage bear out the resemblance. Its skull, however, is that of an ordinary type of Peromyscus without any striking characters. It seems probable that its closest relationship is with the mexicanus group, though it might easily be a northern member of some Central American group not yet known. It agrees in some respects with the description of P. gymnotis Thomas, from Guatemala. Another species from southern Chiapas agrees with this description much more closely, however, and for present purposes has been assumed to be identical with true gymnotis. 8-Pnoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. 72 Osyood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Peromyscus lophurus sp. nov. Type from Todos Santos, Guatemala. Adult male, No. 77,219, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 30, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Most similar to P. Upturns, but smaller and paler ; tail long and covered with comparatively long soft hairs, and terminating in a distinct pencil ; pelage soft and ' woolly ' and rather dull and lusterless ; skull with large interparietal and short nasals. Color. Type: General effect of upper parts between wood brown and fawn color, with a small dusky area in middle of back ; lateral line pale ochraceous buff; under parts white; no pectoral spot; tail sepia brown, unicolor; forearm dusky to wrist, fore feet white; hind feet dusky brownish to base of toes ; toes white ; orbital ring dusky black, rather narrow, but expanded into a distinct spot in front of eye. Skull. Similar to that of lepturus, but smaller and with rostral part decidedly shorter ; molar teeth actually about same size, relatively larger ; interparietal very large. Compared to that of P. levipes, the skull of lophurus is shorter, with shorter nasals and heavier infraorbital region; the teeth are decidedly heavier and longer and the interparietal larger. Measurements. Average of 4 adult topotypes: Total length, 208; tail vertebrae, 105; hind foot, 24.5; ear from notch, 16. Skull of type: Greatest length, 27.5; basilar length of Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width, 14.7; interorbital constriction, 4.3; interparietal, 10 x 4.5 ; nasals, 10; bony palate, 4; palatine slits, 5.4 x 2; diastema, 6.5 ; postpalatal length, 9.6; upper molar series, 4.7. Remarks. This very distinct species may be easily recognized by its crested tail and usually by the absence of white on the under side of the tail. All the specimens from Todos Santos have unicolor tails, but 2 from Calel are quite distinctly bicolor, and among 4 from San Cristobal, 2 have unicolor and 2 imperfectly bicolor tails, indicating that this character is not invariable. The character of the pelage differs somewhat from most of the smaller species of Peromyscus in being dull and soft without the usual gloss, and although rather short it is fine and slightly ' woolly.' Specimens examined. Total number, 15, from localities as follows: Pinabete, Chiapas, Mexico, 5; San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico, 4; Calel, Guatemala, 2 ; Todos Santos, Guatemala, 6. Peromyscus simulatus sp. nov. Type from Jico, Vera Cruz, Mexico (altitude 6000 feet). No. 55,028, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 12, 1893, E. W. Nelson. Characters. A miniature of P. Idphurus (hind foot 21); dark markings lightly more intense ; skull and teeth very small ; tail clothed with long, soft hairs and crested as in lophurus; audital bullse relatively large. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 73 Color, Almost exactly as in P. lophurus ; dark markings of feet and face slightly more intense; tail chiefly brown, but with a narrow line of white on under side. Skull. Size very small; similar in general to that of P. lophurus, but with more inflated braincase and depressed rostrum ; audital bullse rela tively larger ; interorbital constriction relatively wider ; teeth very small. Measurements. Type: Total length, 169; tail vertebrae, 87; hind foot, 21; ear from notch, 14.3. Skull: Greatest length, 24.4; basilar length of Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4.3 ; in- terparietal, 8.2 x 3 ; nasals, 9 ; bony palate, 3.5 ; palatine slits, 4.6 x 1.7 ; diastema, 6; postpalataHength, 8; upper molar series, 8.9. Remarks. This small species is not closely related to any know r n spe cies except P. lophurus, of which it is almost an exact miniature. Its skull is even smaller than that of P. melanotis, which occurs in the same region. It has, however, no relationship whatever to melanotis. Its small size, crested tail, and dark brown feet are amply sufficient to dis tinguish it from all other known species. Peromyscus melanocarpus sp. nov. Type from Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude 8000 feet). Young adult, No. 68,610, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Col lection, July 8, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. megalops, but smaller and darker colored ; hind feet slightly darker ; fore feet decidedly more so, the blackish ex tending to base of digits; tail usually dusky all around or with only traces of paleness beneath ; pelage long and soft. Color. Ad. tf No. 68,627, July 17 : General effect of upper parts dark blackish mummy brown, slightly darker along middle of back ; actual color of subterminal zone of hairs cinnamon rufous, which is almost lost in the general effect by the many black-tipped hairs and the dark plum beous undercolor which shows through the thin subterminal zone; under parts deep black ieh slate washed with creamy white, producing an effect which varies from olive gray to slate gray ; pectoral region usually rich cinnamon rufous; an intense black line extending from nostrils through base of whiskers and eye; tail covered with short, bristly, blackish hairs scarcely paler below than above; scales of tail usually dusky all around, sometimes with slight irregular patches of paler; fore and hind feet dusky brownish to base of toes. Skull. Apparently very similar to that of megalops; nasals slightly shorter and more compressed posteriorly ; superficially similar to toton- tepecus, but differing as follows : nasals shorter and nearly always ending in advance of the orbits about on a plane with the infraorbital foramen ; frontal wider and with decidedly greater development of supraorbital shelves ; braincase wider ; anterior palatine foramina much longer ; molar teeth larger. 74 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Measurements. Type (not quite adult): Total length, 241 ; tail vertebrae, 125; hind foot, 27. Ad. J 1 from Totontepec, Oaxaca: 262; 132; 30. Skull of type: Greatest length, 31.6; basilar length of Hensel, 24.3; zygomatic width, 15.2; nasals, 12; interorbital constriction, 5.4; pala tine slits, 7.3; upper molar series, 5. Remarks. This mountain species is about the size of P. m. totontepecus, with which it ranges to some extent, but is much more closely related to megalops&nd auritus, as indicated by its cranial characters and its more bristly tail. Its most diagnostic character, however, is the extent of dusky brownish on the fore feet, which is almost unique. In some specimens the ends of the toes and the outer side of the metacarpus are the only parts not occupied by the dark color. The pelage is long and lax like that of many other mountain forms. The type was taken at 8000 feet altitude. Five additional specimens from Totontepec on the north slope of the same mountain at 6500 feet altitude are also in the col lection. P. lepturus, which also occurs on Mt. Zempoaltepec, is smaller than melanocarpus and differs in numerous cranial characters, among the most obvious of which are : Braincase smaller and narrower, interorbital constriction narrower, nasals shorter, supraorbital beads less developed. Peromyscus altilaneus sp. nov. Type from Todos Santos, Guatemala (altitude 10,000 feet). Adult male, No. 76,856, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, Decem ber 30, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. melanocarpus, but smaller and with shorter and less hairy tail ; fore feet entirely white ; hind feet with much more white than in melanocarpus; skull slightly smaller and more slender ; similar to guatemalensis but much smaller. Color. As in melanocarpus, but tail blotched with yellowish white below, much as in mexicanus : fore feet and part of forearm white; hind foot with a V-shaped dusky mark extending from ankle about half way to the base of the toes, remainder of foot white ; pectoral spot strongly developed in type. Skull. Similar to that of melanocarpus, but slightly smaller throughout ; nasals relatively more expanded anteriorly ; braincase slightly higher and more inflated and rostral region more depressed ; anterior palatine foram ina shorter; infraorbital plate very narrow. Measurements. Type: Total length, 228; tail vertebrae, 115; hind foot, 28. Skull: Greatest length, 31; basilar length of Hensel, 24; zygomatic width, 14.6; interorbital constriction, 5; nasals, 11.5; bony palate, 4.8; palatine slits, 6 x 2.7 ; diastema, 8.2; postpalatal length, 11.2; upper molar series, 4.6. Remarks. The type of this species is the only specimen known at pres ent. Its only close relationship is with P. melanocarpus, to which it is very similar except in regard to the color of the wrists and fore feet. From P. lepturus it differs in darker color, strongly developed pectoral Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 75 spot, shorter, less hairy tail, and in the following cranial characters : Parietals larger and wider, with suggestions of a bead at orbital edges; braincase more inflated ; infraorbital plate much narrower ; audital bullse smaller; teeth smaller. It resembles guatemalensis superficially, but is so decidedly smaller as to require no serious comparison with that species. Subgenus Haplomylomys Osgood. Peromyscus goldmani sp. nov. Type from Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Adult female, No. 96,340, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 19, 1898, E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar in general to P. eremicus anthonyi ; size larger (hind foot 24 in type) ; pelage somewhat coarser; color more fulvous and more uniform ; heel slightly hairy ; tail long and cylindrical, covered with short hairs; skull relatively heavy and rather elongate. Color. Entire upper parts and sides ochraceous buff finely mixed with black, much darker and richer than in anthonyi and without the grayish cast usually so characteristic of the eremicus group; under parts creamy white with a small ochraceous buff pectoral spot. Skull. Larger, longer, and narrower than in eremicus or anthonyi ; brain- case relatively much narrower ; nasals longer and more compressed pos teriorly ; interorbital constriction narrow ; bony palate rather short. Measurements. Type: Total length, 217 ; tail vertebrae, 117 ; hind foot, 24. Skull of type : Greatest length, 27.3 ; basilar length of Hensel, 21.1 ; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.6 x 3.2; nasals, 9.6; bony palate, 4.2; palatine slits, 5 x 2.1; diastema, 6.6; postpalatal length, 10 ; upper molar series, 4. Remarks. The color of this species is more like that of P. spicilegus than P. e. antlionyi, but its skull and teeth show it to be a member of the eremicus group. Peromyscus eremicus phaeurus subsp. nov. Type from Hacienda La Parada, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Adult female, No. 50,438, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, August 20, 1892, E. W. Nelson. (Geographic distribution. Middle portion of the Mexican tableland in the States of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Nuevo Leon. General characters. Similar to P. eremicus but darker, with tail uniform blackish brown above and below instead of decidedly bicolor as in eremicus or indistinctly bicolor as in some specimens of P. e. anthonyi. Color. Similar in general to eremicus, but shades of buff deeper and entire upper parts much more heavily mixed with black ; under parts except tail white; pectoral spot not present; tail blackish brown above and below, this most evident in winter pelage, when the hairiness of the tail is best developed ; feet white, ankles dusky. 76 Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. Skull. Practically as in eremicus and anthonyi. Measurements. Average of 9 adults: Total length, 189 (176-195); tail vertebrae, 98 (92-103); hind foot, 21. Remarks. This form is the southernmost representative of the eremicm group. Its range is practically continuous with that of eremicus, which extends from west Texas down through Chihuahua, but it is cut off by mountain ranges from anthonyi, which, curiously, it most closely resem bles. The extreme form of anthonyi from southern Sonora occasionally has the distal third of the tail black all around, and thus very much re sembles phteurus. This is probably an accidental parallelism, as is also shown by some specimens of fraterculus which are strikingly likeowtfionyi, although there is even greater isolation in this case. Specimens examined. Total number, 27, from localities in Mexico, as follows: Coahuila, Sabinas 2, Saltillo 2; San Luis Potosi, Ahualulco, 2, Hacienda la Parada, 7, Jesus Maria, 7; Nuevo Leon, Doctor Arroyo, 5; Zacatecas, Canitas, 2. Subgenus Baiomys True. Peromyscus musculus nigrescens subsp. nov. Type from Valley of Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 76,827, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 9, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. musculus and P. m. brunneus, but darker and more sooty ; skull slightly characterized. Color. Upper parts mixed Vandyke brown and sooty blackish, slightly more sooty on middle of back ; under parts cream buff, to roots of hairs in middle of belly, on tips only at sides; tail dusky above, paler below 7 . Skull. Slightly smaller and more elongate than in P. musculus and P.m. brunneus; braincase narrower; rostrum longer; palatine slits longer and bony palate correspondingly shorter; interorbital space narrower. Measurements. Average of 10 adult topotypes: Total length, 115.5 (113-120); tail vertebrae, 43 (40-45); hind foot, 15(14.5-16). Skull of type: Greatest length, 20.1; basilar length of Hensel, 15.2; zygomatic width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.4; nasals, 8; interparietal, 6.4 x2.1 ; palatine slits, 4.3; bony palate, 2.8 ; upper molar series, 3.2. Remarks. This very dark colored mouse is represented by large num bers of specimens from southern Oaxaca, Chiapas, and parts of Guatemala- Peromyscus allex sp. nov. Type from Colima, Colima, Mexico. Adult female, No. fffff , U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 7, 1892, E. W." Nelson. Characters. Color as in P. musculus; size decidedly smaller; skull small, light, and slender. Color. Exactly as in P. musculus. Osgood Thirty New Mice of the Genus Peromyscus. 77 Skull, About equal in size to that of P. laylori ; braincase narrower and more elongate ; decidedly smaller than in P. musculus : nasals very short ; audital bullse very small ; molar teeth small. Measurements. Type : Total length, 113; tail vertebrae, 47; hind foot, 14 ; ear from notch (dry), 9.7. Average of 6 topotypes : 104; 44; 13.4. Skull of type: Greatest length, 18.4 ; basilar length of Hensel, 14.6; zygomatic width, 9.6 ; interorbital constriction, 3.2; nasals, 6.3 ; inter- parietal, 5.5 x 1.3 ; palatine slits, 3.7 ; bony palate, 3 ; upper molar series, 3. Remarks. This diminutive species occurs with P. musculus at Colima, the type locality, and at other localities in western Mexico. It is repre sented chiefly from the States of Colima and Jalisco, but its range has not been thoroughly worked out and it seems quite possible that it may be found over a considerable area. Apparently it is closely related to P. paulus,* the description of which indicates an animal of about the same size but of different color. * Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIX, pp. 598-599, November 12, 1903. VOL. XVII, PP. 79-82 MARCH 21, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW MAMMALS FROM MEXICO. BY E. A. GOLDMAN. The mammals described below -were collected by E. W. Nelson and myself in the course of field work for the Biological Survey in southern Mexico. The wood rats all belong to the ferruginea * group, of which Neotoma tenuicauda is also a member. The Liomys is an additional species of the pictus group. For the opportunity to describe these new forms I am indebted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam, under whose supervision the field work has been carried on. Neotoma picta sp. nov. Type, from mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico (altitude, 10,000 feet). Adult male, No. 70,050, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, December 20, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 7179. Characters. Size medium ; color rich orange-rufous to ferruginous of Ridgway; tail long and slender, covered with short hairs; ears rather small. Closely related to N. tenuicauda but slightly larger; color very much brighter. Somewhat similar to JV. ferruginea, but smaller and brighter colored ; outer sides of forearms and hind legs not dusky as in N. ferruginea. Color. Type: Ground color of upper parts rich orange-rufous (vary ing in some specimens to ferruginous) of Ridgway, brightest on cheeks, shoulders, and along sides, darkened on face, top of head, and along back * Specimens from Volcan Santa Maria, Guatemala, which agree well with the original description of Neotoma ferruginea, have been assumed to be nearly typical and used for comparison. 9 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904 (79) 80 Goldman Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. by a rather abundant sprinkling of black-tipped hairs ; under parts nearly pure white (in some specimens suffused with salmon), the plumbeous basal color showing through indistinctly; axillae orange- ru fous ; ears covered with short dusky hairs; tail indistinctly bicolor (occasionally concolor), dusky above, paler below; fore feet yellowish white; hind feet to toes irregularly clouded with dusky or pale fulvous, the toes white. Skull. The skull indicates close relationship to N. tennicauda, but is slightly larger and the nasals are longer. Compared with N. ferruginea, the skull is smaller, with narrower frontal region. Measurements. Type : Total length, 368 ; tail vertebrae, 180; hind foot, 37. Average of eight adult females from the type locality : Total length, 344 (338-355) ; tail vertebrae, 170 (166-182) ; hind foot, 34 (33-35.5). Skull of type: Greatest length, 43.3; basilar length of Hensel, 35 ; zygomatic breadth, 23; length of nasals, 17.4; interorbital breadth, 5; palatal length, 8.6; diastema, 11.9; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.7. Specimens examined. Total number, 31, all from the State of Guerrero, as follows: Mountains near Chilpancingo (type locality), 16; Omilteme, 15. Remarks. Neotoma picta appears to be more closely related to N. tcnni- cauda than to any other known form, but its remarkable color is alone sufficient to distinguish it from that species. Neotoma isthmica sp. nov. Type from Huilotepec, 8 miles south of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 100 feet). Adult female, No. 73,187, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, May 5, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Gold man. Original number 7843. Characters. Size rather large ; color orange-rufous to ferruginous ; tail long, moderately stout, thinly haired and coarsely scaly ; ears medium. Similar to N. ferruginea, but much brighter colored and without dusky forearms and hind legs; skull narrower and heavier. In color closely resembling N. picta, but larger, with stouter, more coarsely scaly tail, and differing in cranial characters. Color. Type (in worn pelage) : Upper parts in general between orange- rufous and ferruginous of Ridgway, fading to grayish fulvous on outer sides of forearms and hind legs; face, top of head, and back thinly sprin kled with blackish hairs ; under parts, including upper lip, lower sides of face, and inner sides of fore and hind legs, soiled white; tail indistinctly bicolor, brownish above, paler below ; fore feet pure white; hind feet to toes clouded with dusky (in some specimens pure white), the toes white. Skull. Similar to that of N. ferruginea but narrower, heavier, and more arched across anterior roots of zygomata. Compared with N. picta the skull is larger, longer, heavier, relatively narrower, and more arched across anterior roots of zygomata; frontal region flatter posteriorly; braincase less smoothly rounded. Measurements. Type : Total length, 395; tail vertebras, 198; hind foot, 38. Average of nine adult males and females from the type locality : Goldman Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. 81 Total length, 368 (355-390); tail vertebrae, 182 (166-198); hind foot, 37 (35-39). Skull of type : Greatest length, 48.4 ; basilar length of Hensel, 38.4 ; zygomatic breadth, 23.7 ; length of nasals, 19 ; interorbital breadth, 6.2; palatal length, 8.3; diastema, 12.9; upper molar series on alveolus, 9. Specimens examined. Total number, 19, all from the state of Oaxaca, as follows: Huilotepec (type locality), 16; Jucbitan, 3. Neotoma parvidens sp. nov. Typt from Juquila, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 5000 feet). Adult female, No. 71,586, U. 8. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, Feb ruary 27, 1895, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 7587. Characters. Size very small ; color ferruginous ; tail rather short and slender, covered with short hairs ; ears small. Closely resembling N. picta in color hut very much smaller; skull smaller and lighter, with narrower nasals and smaller teeth. Color. Upper parts ferruginous (varying along sides in some specimens to orange-rufons) of Ridgway, becoming brownish fulvous over outer sides of forearms and hind legs; face, top of head, and back (in some specimens the sides also) rather thickly sprinkled with black-tipped hairs ; underparts, including upper lip and part of cheeks, nearly pure white, the plumbeous basal color showing through indistinctly ; axillae orange- rufous ; ears covered with short dusky hairs ; tail dusky above, paler below ; fore feet and toes of hind feet yellowish white ; hind feet to toes irregularly clouded with dusky (in two out of five specimens, pure white). Sk'ilt. Similar in general form to that of N. tenuicauda, but smaller, lighter, and usually more arched ; interorbital breadth relatively greater ; rostrum usually moredecurved, nasals narrower and more wedge-shaped ; teeth relatively much smaller. Measurements. Type: Total length, 295; tail vertebrae, 141 ; hind foot, 31. Average of five adult males and females from the type locality: Total length 300 (282-317); tail vertebrae, 149 (141-157); hind foot, 31 (30-32). Skull of type: Greatest length, 40.5; basilar length of Hensel, 32.5; zygomatic breadth, 20.7; length of nasals, 15.2; interorbital -breadth, 5.3; palatal length, 7.3; diastema, 11.3; upper molar series on alvelous, 7.4. Specimens examined. Five, all from the type locality. Neotoma tropicalis sp. nov. Type from Totontepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (altitude, 6500 feet). Adult male No. 68,593, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, July 17, 1894, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 6468. Characters. Size small ; tail rather short, slender, and thinly haired ; ears rather small. In color closely resembling N. tenuicauda but brown ish of upper parts encroaching on under parts; skull somewhat similar 82 Goldman Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Mexico. to that of iV. tenuicauda, but nasals longer and narrower and premaxillae longer. Color. Upper parts dark brown, becoming brownish fulvous on cheeks, shoulders, and along sides, this color encroaching on under parts poste riorly, leaving a narrow, whitish area along the median line of the belly ; rest of under parts, except a salmon colored band across pectoral region in the type, dull whitish (the plumbeous basal color showing through) ; ears faintly edged with whitish ; tail nearly unicolor, dusky above, slightly paler below; fore and hind feet clouded with dusky, the toes of hind feet whitish. Skull. Somewhat like that of A 7 , tenuicauda, but nasals more wedge- shaped, much longer and narrower, reaching plane of lachrymals ; ascend ing branches of premaxillae very long, reaching beyond plane of lach rymals; frontal region broader and flatter posteriorly; teeth smaller. Compared with that of N. parvidens, the skull is larger and flatter, braincase larger and more smoothly rounded ; nasals and ascending branches of premaxillae longer ; teeth larger. Measurements. Type: Total length, 325; tail vertebrae, 156; hind foot, 34. Skull of type : Greatest length, 41.3 ; basilar length of Hensel, 33 5 ; zygomatic breadth, 22.2; length of nasal*, 16.5; interorbital breadth, 5.8; palatal length, 7.9; diastema, 11.2; upper molar series on alveolus, 8.3. Specimens examined. Two, from the type locality. Liomys parviceps sp. nov. Type from La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Adult female, No. 126,477, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection, March 19, 1903, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original number 16,194. Characters. Size very small; color reddish; tail of moderate length. Similar to L. plantinarensis but less fulvous ; skull smaller; tail slightly longer; hind foot shorter, 6- instead of 5-tuberculate. Color. Upper parts grizzled brownish fulvous ; under parts, fore and hind feet, white; fulvous lateral line rather faint; ears edged with whitish ; tail distinctly bicolor, brownish above, whitish below. Skull. Smallest of the known species of the genus. Similar to that of L. plantinarensis, but smaller and flatter ; braincase less expanded ; inter- parietal smaller; rostrum less decurved ; nasals more arched anteriorly, notched posteriorly as in L. plantinarensis. Measurements. Type: Total length, 202; tail vertebrae, 110; hind foot, 24. Average of five adult males and females from the type locality: Total length, 204 (197-214); tail vertebrae, 105 (102-110); hind foot, 24 (24). Skull of type : Greatest length, 28.3 ; basilar length of Hensel, 20 ; zygomatic breadth, 13; length of nasals, 11.5; interorbital breadth, 6.7; interparietal, 3.2 x 8.3; upper molar series on alveolus, 4.2. Specimens examined. Total number, 16, from the following localities: La Salada, Michoacan (type locality), 11; Rio Balsas, Guerrero, 5. VOL. XVII, PP. 83-90 APRIL 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE VEGETATIVE VIGOR OF HYBRIDS AND MUTA TIONS.* BY O. F. COOK. Under what has been termed a kinetic theory of evolution f it has been held that the condition most favorable to evolutionary progress is that found in natural species containing numerous individuals, widely distributed and freely interbreeding. The individual diversity of members of large assemblages of organ isms is greater than when interbreeding is confined to narrow limits, but under persistent close breeding uniformity or u fixity " of type is followed, eventually, by very pronounced and abrupt variations, and by a decline of reproductive power. On the other side of the evolutionary highway corresponding phenomena abound. Interbreeding among the normally diverse members of a species m nature strengthens the organism and aids in distributing variations throughout the species, but when individuals from small, close-bred groups are crossed their char acters may prove antagonistic, and not to be combined or aver aged in the offspring, as discovered by Mendel. When still more remote types are brought together the resulting hybrids are often abnormally diverse, and may have characters possessed by neither of the parents. Because pronounced variations are thus obtainable both by narrow inbreeding and by wide cross breeding these extreme stages have been thought to have great * Read before the Biological Society of Washington, November 28, 1903. t Science, N. S., 13 : 969, 1901 ; Popular Science Monthly, 63 : 18, 1903. 10 PBOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904 (83) 84 Cook Hybrids and Mutations. evolutionary significance, but the degenerative character of or ganisms which have suffered such abnormally abrupt changes is rendered obvious by their inability to propagate their kind. The partial or complete sterility, both of hybrids and of " sports " or " mutations," as the variations of inbred plants are now called, has long been a matter of common knowledge among breeders of plants and animals, but current evolutionary theories do not associate the two groups of phenomena as belonging to corresponding sidepaths of the evolutionary thoroughfare. The failure to recognize this relationship is to be explained partly by the general carelessness in applying such terms as " hybrid " to a great variety of evolutionary conditions,* and partly by the fact that in spite of their declining reproductive power, both mutations and hybrids often show striking vegetative vigor. ECONOMIC VALUE VERSUS REPRODUCTIVE FERTILITY. To recognize and, if possible, to account for this paradox is of practical as well as of theoretical importance, since the propa gator, like the biologist, commonly reasons that the more rapid and vigorous the growth of the young plant, the earlier and the larger the harvest. Indeed, this calculation is generally correct, since a large proportion of our domesticated species are not valued for their reproductive efficiency, but for one or another of their vegetative parts. Even in our horticultural crops, such as apples, pears, cherries, plums, berries, oranges, pineapples, and bananas, which we think of as being planted for their fruits, it is not the seed itself which is utilized or desired, but the fleshy pulp. The decline of reproductive fertility, or tendency toward seedlessness, is not looked upon as a disadvantage, if the plant can be propagated asexually, but often lends special value to a new variety, particularly if correlated with vegetative vigor. The great economic value of a seedless grape or orange need not obscure, however, the obvious fact that the plant itself is degenerate, and would have no prospect of self-perpetuation under natural conditions.f Neither should the utility of some * Popular Science Monthly, 63 : 225, 1903. f Mr. Walter T. Swingle notes that in some of the asexually propagated cacti of Arizona vegetative vigor might more than compensate for seed lessness, so that nearly sterile hybrids or mutations would have a distinct advantage over the parental types. Cook Hybrids and Mutations. 85 degenerate plants prevent our appreciating the worthlessness of others, or keep us any longer from realizing that methods of breeding calculated to increase the commercial importance of one plant may be utterly destructive to another. A seedless cherry might bring a fortune to its discoverer, but a vigorous and beau tiful seedless coffee tree found recently in Costa Rica is of use only in adding emphasis to the fact that all the known variations of this plant which have appeared in cultivation are less fertile than the normal type of the species, and hence are described properly as degenerative, in the original, pr.ictical sense of this term, and in its evolutionary sense as well. The evolutionary significance of the degeneracy of a large proportion of the domestic varieties of plants and animals has also been obscured by theories that their " improved " characters have been given to them by selection. It is true that the changes have taken place along with a process of selection, but nobody has furnished any tangible reason for believing that the selection causes the changes or can cause them. Neither has it been shown that the new conditions of growth are of much evolutionary significance. The important and practical difference between nature and domestication seems to be that the latter implies narrow inbreeding and the artificial preservation of varieties which in nature would either not appear at all or which would not be able to survive. The continued popularity of the selective theory and the con sequent disregard of the degenerative character of domestic varieties are due, in large measure, to the fact that so many of them possess a vegetative vigor as great or greater than that of the wild type of the species. A sterile hybrid, the mule,* fur nishes a popular symbol of strength and hardiness, and scores of similar instances might be enumerated. One of the most striking is Burbank's hybrid walnut tree, which grows several times as fast as either of its parents, but produces no fertile seeds. *An authentic instance of the fertility of a female mule was encoun tered last year in the vicinity of Tapachula, in the Soconusco district of the State of Chiapas, Mexico. The colt was alive at birth and appar ently normal, but did not survive. 86 Cook Hybrids and Mutations. PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF VIGOR OF HYBRIDS. A physiological explanation of the vigor of sterile hybrids has been sought by supposing that the bodily energy which in other plants or animals goes into reproductive parts and pro cesses here gives a reinforcement of growth, as often occurs after castration. This idea might find some application with the adult organism, but the unusual vigor is often apparent far in advance of the reproductive stage, and even in very young indi viduals. A nursery of the coffee mutation called u Maragogipe " affords a striking contrast by the side of one planted with the parent "Arabian " type, and a similar precocity of vegetative vigor is found in many hybrids. The diminution of repro ductive efficiency is not, evidently, the only difference, and further facts must be taken into consideration if we are to gain a suggestion of how the body of an organism may gain in vigor after the power of perpetuating the type has declined. THE STIMULATION OF GROWTH BY CROSSING. The general antithesis between growth and reproduction does not suffice to explain the vigor of sterile hybrids, but by con sidering the cytological phase of these processes a somewhat more promising clue may be found. Growth consists, among the higher plants and animals, of a long series of cell divisions, while reproduction requires, on the contrary, a conjugation or union of cells. It has long been supposed that the chief result of fertilization is to stimulate the cell divisions upon which the growth of the new individual de pends, and that inbreeding produces defective organisms, because this stimulation is inadequate. Darwin says, for example, that u crossing, by itself, does no good " unless the individuals crossed differ somewhat in characteristics or conditions of growth. Crosses between organisms of a moderate degree of diversity are more vigorous and more fertile than if either of the parent stocks is inbred, but it appears that the limit of fertility is reached much sooner than that of vegetative vigor. This fact corre sponds with what has been learned from the microscopical study of cells that the processes of growth or cell division are much simpler than those involved in reproduction by means of the conjugation of cells. It might be supposed, therefore, that Cook Hybrids and Mutations. 87 the vegetative vigor of hybrids is the same phenomenon as the vigor of more normal crosses in spite of their reproductive de cline. KINETIC INTERPRETATION OF VIGOR. It is not possible, however, to content ourselves with this opinion as complete and final, because it does not take into ac count the vegetative vigor of mutations, or variations here sup posed to be induced by inbreeding, which has been thought to weaken the vegetative as well as the reproductive energies of the organism. Viewed from the standpoint of some of the cur rent theories of evolution, the association of the vegetative vigor of mutations with that of normal crosses and hybrids is certainly not obvious, but the difficulty disappears if we view the ques tion from another standpoint and perceive that the additional vigor may be interpreted in both cases as a phenomenon attend ing vital motion. Evolutionary progress is accomplished both by new variations and by the combination of those already exist ing.* Normal crosses and abnormal hybrids and mutations may both be thought of as more vigorous than uniform inbred stocks because they have moved into new positions in the field of de velopment. Variation and cross-fertilization serve the same purpose, and under normal conditions of interbreeding both re sult in increased vigor and prepotency. The important evolu tionary function of cross-fertilization is the mutual communica tion of variations. Continued variation, change, and diversity are the general tendencies, not uniformity and stability of char acters. Organisms are not subject to simple inertia, but, like bicycles and gyroscopes, main tain their equilibrium only when in motion. Plants often receive an increased impetus of growth by re moval to new soils, or by changes of the constituents of the soils through what are significantly called " fertilizers." It is also known that they sometimes respond notably to the presence of small quantities of minerals not used by them, or even to those directly injurious, just as arsenic, prussic acid, and other active poisons serve in medicine as tonics. As a result of a similar stimulation of growth by mineral salts applied to the eggs of some of the lower animals, Professor Jacques Loeb was able to *" Stages of Vital Motion," Popular Science Monthly, 63: 14, 1903. 88 Cook Hybrids and Mutations. induce a parthenogenetic development which was widely re ported two or three years ago as " artificial fertilization." Cross-fertilization and self-fertility, like most terms, are rela tive. Many plants have been accounted self-fertile because they can propagate without crossing for a few generations. Thus Wallace has suggested that widely distributed plants are self- fertile, the stimulation of new conditions serving, as it were, as a substitute for crossing. This is doubtless true within limits, but should not be taken to mean that complete autogamy is maintained in this manner.* The effects of new substances and new external conditions, while perhaps to be best understood from the evolutionary standpoint, have not the evolutionary significance often ascribed to them, since the increased vigor and other modifications obtained are neither permanent nor hereditary. Perhaps for lack of a rational explanation of the known benefits of change of descent or of external conditions, both agriculture and medicine are still practiced largely on the theory that there is some particular food, tonic, fertilizer, or climatic treatment which is best for each plant, animal, or dis ease. When it is appreciated that even the best is best only while it is recent or new, kinetic systems of farming, feeding, and curing may be elaborated, which shall increase agricultural productiveness and human health by properly determined suc cessions or alternations of diets, tonics, climates, or soils. The rotation of crops, the interchange of seed between different regions, the application of fertilizers, and the breeding of new varieties, more vigorous and resistant, are different methods of attaining the same practical results, and the utility of the sev eral expedients may be found to rest on a single biological law. The vegetative vigor of hybrids and mutations is not a difficulty, then, in a kinetic theory of evolution, but affords a strongly corroborative series of phenomena. The defective reproduction is the abnormal fact, and this appears to be defi nitely associated with a lack of normal interbreeding. The organism may be prospered in its growth by any change not *Mr. Swingle suggests also that the heteroecism of the parasitic rust- fungi may be a phenomenon of the same kind. The diverse forms which the same rust assumes on its different hosts may be looked upon as a further adaptive substitute for interbreeding. Cook Hybrids and Mutations. 89 too violent, and its vigor may be increased even by the degen erative variations which follow upon the absence of normal inter breeding. When thus halted or hindered the vital mechanism but turns aside the further because it has lost the equilibrium of normal motion. It is not necessary to regard variation as abnormal, but the variations which appear under narrow inbreeding and wide cross-breeding are abnormal in their amplitude, like fluctuations of temperature in disease. That even completely sterile muta tions and hybrids may enjoy exceptional vigor does not change the fact of abnormality, but shows merely that the evolutionary disorder affects the reproductive rather than the vegetative parts. Both in hybrids and in mutations the tendency to sterility some times appears so early that the plants do not produce flowers, or there may be a progressive sterilization of the essential organs of the flowers, as in the so-called " doubling " which has appeared independently in so many mutations of cultivated plants. Others may form apparently normal blossoms in profusion, but set no fruits ; fruits may develop without seeds ; seeds may be produced which will not germinate, or seedlings may grow, but never mature. There are all possible stages from normal fertility to complete sterility, as there are endless gradations between normal shape and monstrous deformity. The present interpretation of the facts has at least the merit of simplicity, since it permits us to suppose that the same evolu tionary vigor appears in normal variations and crosses, and in abnormal mutations and hybrids, and that the same evolutionary debility affects the two latter conditions. The vigor is due nei ther to sterility nor to selection, but to variation ; the sterility is not explained by normal variation, nor by selection, except as selection implies the absence of normal interbreeding, and the consequent weakening of heredity. Physiology in the narrower sense, the science of nutrition and other bodily functions, does not explain either the vigor or the debility, but in the broader view evolution itself becomes a physiological process, since it affects not merely the form and structure, but determines also the quality and efficiency of the organism, in quite as practical and definite a manner as do food- supply and other external conditions. VOL XVII, PP. 91-98 APRIL 9, I9C4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE . BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW PLANTS FROM NEVADA. BY AVEN NELSON. For two or three years past, Mr. F. Beveridge Kennedy, Pro fessor of Botany, Nevada State University, has been very in dustriously studying the flora of his state. While his attention has been given to its economic aspects in particular, yet the her barium he is building up must add much to our knowledge of its species. He has very kindly permitted me, from time to time, to study many of these collections. Among the choice things secured there are several numbers that seem to be novel ties. Following are the diagnoses as I make out them out. Unless otherwise stated the types are deposited in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Arabis pedicellata sp. nov. Perennial from a thick woody or sub-fleshy root; the base of the stem also persisting as a caudex; caudex thick (1-2 cm.), leafless but rough with the dense covering of the dead persistent petioles, in length from a mere crown to nearly 1 dm. (according to the age of the plant); stems one or more from the crown, lightly pubescent or nearly glabrous above, stem proper or leaf-bearing portion but slightly surpassing the crown- leaves; leaves canescent with a dense indument of soft stellately branched hairs; those of the crown large and numerous, narrowly oblong or ob- lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, often 1 dm. long, tapering into a much 11 PROG. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (91) 92 Nelson Neva Plants from Nevada. shorter somewhat margined petiole; those of the stems small, oblong- lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, sessile by an auricled base; inflorescence naked, at length very open, 10-15 cm. long; pedicels spreading, at length at right angles to the rachis, becoming 3 dm. or more in length; pods sim ilarly spreading, as long as the pedicels, tapering into a beak-like style one fourth as long as the pod, sessile on an enlarged receptacle, flattened parallel to the partition, faintly 1-nerved; sepals oblong, erect, greenish with scarious pink margins, half as long as the petals, the lateral pair noticeably spurred at base, the other pair only slightly gibbous; petals purple, broadly spatulate, with nearly flat blade and cuneately tapered to a short narrow claw; stamens free; stigma small, circular; seeds imma ture. The generic position of the plant seems somewhat doubtful. I call it an Arabis because of its duration, its branched pubescence, its gibbous sepals, its nearly flat broad petals, its flat 1-nerved pods. But some of these characters are also ascribed to some of the species of Streptanthux. In fact this plant has somewhat the appearance of a Streptanthus es pecially in its beaked pods, sessile on an enlarged receptacle. In this respect it reminds one of S. longirostris Wats., but one may well ques tion if that species were not better left in Arabis where Dr. Watson originally placed it. However, if that species remains a Streptanth'us, it is possible that the species here described must become Streptanthus pedicettatus. Founded upon Kennedy & True's No. 705, Hunter Creek Canyon (near Reno, Nev.), May 16, 1903. Viola senecta sp. nov. Grizzly-white, with rather long, dense, tangled-hirsute pubescence; stems short, slender, from a thickened branched root; leaves ovate, sub- acute, more or less irregularly toothed, 1-3 cm. long, abruptly or cuneately tapering into the rather long slender nearly glabrous petiole; stipules scarious, mostly entire, linear-lanceolate, somewhat ciliate-pu- bescent; scapes shorter than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, sparsely ciliate; petals yellow, glabrous, obovate-spatulate, 7-8 mm. long; the lower a little longer, with orbicular blade, abruptly in- flexed at base, enclosing two anthers, scarcely at all spurred; connective of anthers produced into a greenish ovate appendage. This is probably V. prcemorsa in so far as Nevada specimens cited in literature are concerned. It seems to have characters that demand its separation. The type was collected by Prof. F. H. Hillman, "near Peterson's Ranch", Nev., April 20, 1895, Mirabilis glutinosa sp. nov. Stems several from a branched woody caudex, 2-4 dm. high, more or less branched from the base up, somewhat pubescent especially above, N"ew Plants from Nevada. 93 the hairs flattened or crinkled and more or less glandular-glutinous; leaves renit'orm, orbicular or broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse at apex and mostly broadly rounded, 1-3 cm. long, short petioled or the uppermost nearly sessile; involucre campanulate, 5-lobed, 1-flowered, short-pedun- cled (3-12 mm.); its lobes short-ovate, subacute; pubescence of leaves and flowers similar to that of the stems and peduncles; perianth white, campanulate-funnelform, 10-12 mm. long, its very broad segments cleft into two equal oval lobes; fruit fig-shaped, glabrous, somewhat slriate. This species has usually been considered only a form of M. californica Gray. Dr. Coville in his Report upon the Death Valley Expedition (Contrib. Nat, Herb., 4:177) points out the fact that there are two forms which may be distinct. It seems quite probable there are three forms, as there seems to be no good reason for asserting that M. ICCTIS (Benth) and M. calif or tiica, are the same. The former came from "Magdalena Hay" and was described as glabrous and as having very unequal involu- cral bracts. This may well be different from M. californica in spite of the fact that it apparently has escaped subsequent collection, It may have happened, too, that the locality at which '"H. M. Ship Sulphur" secured the specimens is incorrectly given, as has often happened when large quantities of material are secured in an important expedition. As to the distinctness of M, californica and the species now proposed there can be no question. M. glutinoxa may at once be known by its subspherical obtuse leaves, its short rather obtuse involucral lobes, and its white flowers. Apparently very few of the flowers ever open but are self-fertilized in the bud. On close examination of the involucre and perianth attention is attracted to the large number of acicular hairs or lines (raphides) in the epidermis both on the outside and inside of these structures, I take as the type L. N. Goodding's No. 967, from Karshaw, Meadow Valley Wash, Nev., May 27, 1932. Wholly typical are the following: Goodding, No. 778, St. George, Utah; G. IL True, No. 75S f Pyramid Lake, Washoe Co., Nev. Sidalcea crermlata sp. HOT. Perennial from a thick woody root; stems few to several from the crown, nearly simple, more or less decumbent, 3-5 dm, high, green and seemingly glabrous but with some small scattered simple or forked hairs; leaves spafsely appressed pubescent, the hairs simple or forked; the radical orbicular, 2-5 cm. broad, crenulately toothed, the teeth somewhat paired, OR petioles 3-5 times as long as the biade; stem leaves more dcaply cleft aad the uppermost parted into linear divisions; stip ules linear, 7-10 ram. long, subglabrous as are also the petioles; raceme slender and at length open; the rachis green, granular-glandular; bracts linear, paired, 5-8 ram. Jong, pedicels at length equalling the calyx; calyx cleft nearly to the base into lanceolate segments, about 6 mm. long, minutely glandular-pubescent arid with occasional longer forked 94 Nelson New Plants from Nevada. hairs; petals orbicular, emarginate and slightly erose-dentate, 12-15 mm. long, with a short claw; stamineal column rather short; styles not sur passing the anthers; carpels smooth, easily splitting along the dorsal line, deeply notched but not lacerate on the ventral side. Rather too nearly allied to 8. neo-mexicana Gray but easily distin guished from it. 8. neo-mexicana may always be known by its almost hispid hirsuteness which is especially noticeable on the stems, petioles, leaf-veins and calyx. The typical form of this species too is mostly much larger, and often with a single stem from a conical root. It also has a longer stamineal column from which the styles are noticeably exserted. Mr. Goodding's No. 1091, Juab, Utah, June 10, 1902, is taken as the type. Nearly typical are the following by Prof. Kennedy; No. 673, Simon's Creek, Elko Co., Nev., and No. 811, Stampede, same county. Sidalcea nervata sp. nov. Perennial; stems singly from the small woody root, usually somewhat branched above, glabrous below, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubes cent above; leaves apparently glabrous but with short forked hairs above and a minute stellate pubescence below, strongly nervosely veined below; the basal long-petioled, orbicular, 6-8 cm. broad, 0-8 lobed, the lobes with 2-3 broad teeth; becoming more deeply divided upwards, the uppermost cleft to the base into linear lobes; stipules narrowly linear: inflorescence densely stellate-pubescent, rather few-flowered; calyx cleft below the middle, the lobes triangular-lanceolate; petals broadly obovate, emarginate, about 2 cm. long, half as broad, pubescent on the short united claws; carpels glabrous, distinctly rugose-reticulated on the dorsal angles, slightly depressed. A perfectly distinct species allied to S. wegana Gray from which its relatively few, much larger flowers will at once distinguish it. It may also be distinguished by its smaller calyx, less acuminate calyx-lobes, short pedicels which are distinctly exceeded by the slender bracts. The inflorescence never presents that crowded spicate appearance of 8. ore- gana with its numerous small flowers. I take as the type my No. 4101, Evanston, Wyo., distributed some years since as 8. oregana. What seems to be the same is Prof. Kenne dy's No. 564, Little Lakes Canyon, Elko Co., Nevada. Somewhat more pubescent and probably showing its variation and distribution are Mr. M. E. Jones's Nos. as follows; 5597, Soldier Summit, Utah, distributed as 8. glaucescens; 6207, Salubria, Idaho, distributed as 8. campestris. Sphceralcea parvifolia sp. nov. Stems several or many from a rather large woody root, erect, rather slender, only 2-4 dm. high, at first densely stellate-canescent but gradu- Nelson New Plants from Nevada. 95 ally denuded and becoming bright green with only scattered stellate hairs; leaves small, suborbicular with truncate or subcordate base, 1-2 cm. broad, irregularly crenulate, scarcely lobed, rather thick and slight ly rugose, densely stellate-canescent, ultimately more or less denuded and greenish above; the thyrsoid raceme seemingly nearly naked, but the (3-flowered) clusters axillary to the reduced leaves which above are mere bracts; pedicels slender, variable, often longer than the calyx, densely stellate-pubescent as is also the calyx and fruit; calyx about 6 mm. long, cleft below the middle, its lobes triangular-lanceolate: petals rhomboid-obovate, inequilateral with oblique summit, scarcely emarginate, about 12 mm. long; fruit slightly depressed, white with the dense pubescence, only 5 mm. broad and not so high; carpels wholly muticous, the back and rounded dorsal angles subcartilaginous and the sides altogether smooth and membranous, 2-ovuled and often 2-seeded. This was recently distributed as 8. ambigua but without any justifi cation it would seem. It is altogether a much smaller plant in every way and the smooth-sided carpels would take it quite out of that section of Gray's revision (Proc. Am. Acad., 22:292) and of the revision as ex tended by Dr. Robinson in Syn. PI. i l :315. For equally good reasons it cannot well go into the section with S. Emoryi with which it also has some affinities. Collected by L. N. Goodding at Calientis, Nevada, May 22, 1902, No. 916. Sphaerostigma tortuosa sp. nov. Perennial from the enlarged crowns of slender rhizomes; stems usual ly several from the crown, spreading or erect, glabrous, somewhat stri- ate, 1 dm, (more or less) in length, the longer ones inclined to be naked near the base; leaves entire, glabrous, narrowly oblong or linear-oblan- ceolate, 1-3 cm. long, tapering into a slender petiole about as long as the blade, numerous on the crowns and in the lower portion of the inflores cence; flowers numerous, crowded at the summit of the gradually elon gating raceme, usually also some among the crown leaves; calyx tube obconic, about 4 mm. long, equalled by the lanceolate reflexed seg ments; petals white, broadly obovate, as long as the calyx-lobes; sta mens subequal, with oblong anthers, about as long as the petals and the slender style; stigma small, capitate; capsule linear, 1 cm. or more in length, angled with rounded cartilaginous ribs, strikingly contorted and entangled in the leafy raceme and among the leaves of the crown; seeds oblong, obtuse at apex and pointed at base. This fine species was collected by Prof. P. B. Kennedy at Truckee Pass, Virginia Mts., Washoe Co., Nevada, June 16, 1902. Phacelia monosperma sp. nov. Biennial; stem simple, erect, rather stout, 3-4 dm. high, appressed- 96 Nelson New Plants from Nevada. puberulent with some longer scattered hairs; leaves pinnatifid or those above nearly entire, oblong in outline, petioled, with short matted pu bescence and some longer scattered white hairs; inflorescence of nearly straight, slightly divergent secund spikes, softly hispid, and giving the whole plant the appearance of certain Asperifolm; sepals similar, linear- oblong, in fruit 5-7 mm. long, hispid-ciliate; corolla campanulate, bare ly as long as the sepals, its rounded lobes shorter than its tube, color in doubt, appendages narrow, somewhat united at the base of the filament; stamens well exserted, the filaments sparsely long-bearded on the ex- serted portion; the very slender style cleft to the middle; capsule ovate, pointed, somewhat compressed, included; seed solitary (only one matur ing), conical-oblong, brown, beautifully retriculate-pitted, 2-3 mm. long, slightly carinate ventrally. In its solitary seed it resembles P. platyloba Gray, which is a some what viscid heterosepalous annual; in its pubescence and some other characters P. Jiispida Gray which is a diffusely branched annual. The type was collected by Prof. F. H. Hillman, June 30, 1893, on Alum Creek in the Sierra foothills. Mertensia nevadensis sp. nov. Perfectly glabrous throughout; roots large and ragged, the crown clothed with the brown dead bases of the leafstalks of former years; stems 1-2 dm. high, slender, simple; crown leaves numerous, large for the plant, oblong, obtuse or subacute, 6-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, on slender petioles nearly as long as the blade; stem leaves smaller, becom ing sessile and lanceolate above; inflorescence terminal, crowded; the short pedicels slender; calyx about 4 mm. long, its entire lanceolate segments about 3 mm. long; corolla tubular, its limb but slightly di lated, about 15 mm. long (tube 9 mm. ; throat 4 mm.; the obtuse rounded lobes only 2 mm.); stamens equal, inserted on the margin of the throat; the filaments broader than the anthers and about as long; throat-crests conspicuous, tipped with brown, broad and noticeably saccate; corolla tube glabrous within but at the base a ring of 10 very minute paired nectariferous pits, one pair on each of the 10 principal nerves of the tube; style about equalling the stamens. The only species that this seems comparable with is M. oUongifolia Don. but to this it only bears some resemblance in its floral characters. It differs from that species in its large elongated root; its larger (not succulent) leaves; its fewer-flowered more open inflorescence. Type collected by Messrs. Kennedy and True (No. 711) who report it as common in Hunter Creek Canyon, near Reno, Nevada, May 16, 1903. Pentstemon violaceus (Brand) Nelson, obscurely puberulent throughout; stems several from the scarcely Nelson New Plants from Nevada. 97 woody branched crown, 1-2 dm. high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long; the upper sessile, the lower tapering into a slender petiole; thyrsus narrow, obscurely glandular or viscid; calyx short, not more than 2-3 mm. long; the sepals broadly oval or obovate, obtuse but some times with a small apiculation; corolla 12-15 mm. long, moderately and gradually dilated, the limb very short and but slightly 2-lipped, its lobes obtuse; anthers horse-shoe shaped, the lower half of the cells remain ing closed and saccate, minutely denticulate-ciliate on the margins of the dehiscence; the sterile filament glabrous and not dilated. Most nearly allied to P. Roezli Regel but with broader leaves, narrower inflorescence (not at all paniculate) and very different sepals and corolla. This is very probably Pentstemon Roezli molaceus T. S. Brand. I there fore use his varietal name and give the additional description as above. Secured by Prof. Kennedy at Newcomb Lake, June 8, 1901, No. 15. Pentstemon Kennedy! sp. nov. Perennial from a somewhat woody branched root-like caudex, glab rous and inclining to glaucous, 2-4 dm. high; stems mostly simple and singly from the crowns, erect; leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate; the basal tapering gradually into a slender petiole; the mid-stem sessile by the narrowed base; the upper becoming linear and bract-like; inflores cence narrow; calyx about 1 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, scarious-mar- gined below, the somewhat acuminate upper half tinged with purple: corolla about 3 cm. long, somewhat ventricose, violet-blue (possibly va rying to purple); anthers glabrous, dehiscent from base to apex but not confluent, slightly if at all divaricate; sterile filament glabrous and but slightly dilated. This is one more segregate from the P. ylaber group, Difficult as it is to say what are valid specific characters, it becomes almost necessary to designate as distinct those forms which the collector and the amateur refuse to unite. On the other hand it seems like folly, in most cases at least, to separate forms upon details which require the compound micro scope for detection. A difference that is reasonably constant and suffi ciently characteristic to attract the attention of a trained observer in the field cannot well be ignored. Usually, as in this case, less obvious details will be found to confirm the field impressions. In separating this form from P. glaber Pursh, it may tend to clearness to recall the following characters of the latter: Leaves oblong-lanceolate below to ovate-lanceolate above; sepals short, not more than one-sixth as long as the corolla, orbicular-ovate, mostly abruptly short-acuminate, noticeably erose on the scarious sides; anthers more or less short-hirsute; the cells becoming divaricate or explanate: sterile filament dilated, usually somewhat emarginate, stiffly short hir sute near the apex. The excellent specimens that are taken as the type (No. 736) were collected by Prof. Kennedy at Truckee Pass, Virginia Mts., Washoe Co.. Nevada, June 6, 1903. 98 Nelson New Plants from Nevada. Lagophylla Hillmani sp. nov. Annual, about 2 dm. high; stems slender, erect, simple or with a few slender ascending or erect branches, sometimes branched from the base, obscurely granular-glandular pubescent with a few scattered long white hairs; leaves linear, thinly strigose and minutely scabrous; heads termin ating naked peduncles, rather large for the genus, 6-8 mm. high; in volucre strigose-hispid, some of the hairs tipped with black glands as are also some of those on the peduncles; rays 5-6, light-yellow (?), the lingule broadly oblong, 5-7 mm. long, cleft nearly to the middle into ob long obtuse lobes; disk flowers about 25, apparently all sterile; akene narrowly oblong-obovate, closely enwrapped by the scarious, ciliate-pu- bescent inflexed base of the involucral bracts, the upper half of which is plane and narrowly lanceolate; bracts between the ray and disk not numerous. Not very closely allied to any species known to the writer. In aspect intermediate between Lagophylla and Layia but by reason of the rays, the complete absence of pappus and the abortive disk achenes will have to be considered a species of Lagophylla. Collected by F. H. Hillman, between Truckee and Lake Tahoe, Sept., 1894. VOL. XVII, PP. 99-100 APRIL 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A DECADE OF NEW PLANT NAMES. BY AVEN NELSON. Atriplex Serenana. Atriplex bracteosa S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:115, 1874; not A. bracteosa Trautv., Act. Hort. Petrop I 1 :!!?, 1870. Atriplex Watsoni. Atriplex decumbentt S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 12:275, 1877; not A. decumbent Roem. & Schult., Syst., 6:289. Atriplex pacifica. Atriplex microcarpa Deitr., Syn. PI., 5:536, 1852; not A. microcarpa Waldst. & Kit., PI. Rar. Hung., 3:278, t. 150, 1812. Atriplex matamorencis Atriplex oppositifolia S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:118, 1874; not A. oppositifolia D. C., Rapp., 1:12, nor A. oppositifolia Will., Prosp., 21. Exact dates not at hand but both publications earlier than Watson's. Besides these there is A. patula oppositifolia Moq., Enum. Chenopod. 54, 1840. Atriplex joaquinana. Atriplex spicata S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 9:108, 1874; not A. spicata Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 2:24, 1812. 12 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (99) 100 Nelwm A Decade of New Plant Nume*. Viola Kelloggii. Viola purpurea Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. (II) 1:55, 1873; not V. jntr- pvreaStev., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., 2p:310, 1856. Castilleja exilis. Castilleja stricta Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard., 1:354, 1900; not r/w Lindl. and E. conopseum R. Br., there is no epiphytic orchid known to occur in Florida which has not also been reported from Cuba and other parts of Tropical America, while the same may be said of many of the terrestrial species; a fact which 17 PKOC. HIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (115) 116 Ame* Addition* to Orchid Flora of Florida. shows quite plainly that the West Indies must be reckoned with to a large extent in the study of our semi-tropical orchid flora. The following list contains six species hitherto unrecorded as natives of the United States. Two of them, however, on account of inadequate material are here reported on provisional, though reasonably sure, determinations. One, Liparis Plata, was re ceived in 1903 from Lee County, Florida, where it was collected by the late James E. Layne. No data accompanied the speci mens, which were in a fresh state, one of them pushing up a flower shoot that failed to reach maturity. The other spe"cies, Pdexia setacea, was collected by Mr. A. A. Eaton in Dade County. When received, Mr. Eaton's plants were partly frozen so that the flowers ceased developing. From the buds, however, analyses were made that showed characters on which the following de termination is based. Of the remaining species, three were collected by me on the west coast of Florida and one by Mr. Eaton near Miami, on the east coast. lonopsis utricularioides Li mil. On low trees near pools of water. Found only in " Gobbler's Head," near Naples, Lee County, the flowers just opening. March 12 (0. A.}. Epidendrum strobiliferum Rchb. f. On the lower limbs of Persea carolinensis Nees., in " Palm Hammock," near Marco. Only one station ; the plants in fruit. March 19 (0. A.}. Epidendrum anceps Jacq. Common on deciduous trees, almost everywhere, not infrequently form ing the main epiphytic orchid flora round muddy " lakes " in cypress swamps ; Lee County, March 15-21 (0. A.). Pelexia setacea Lindl. In humus, in the dense shade of hammocks, fourteen miles south of Cutler, Dade County, Dec. 10, 1903 {A. A. Eaton}. My specimens agree per fectly with P. setacea, except for the spur, but the immaturity of my mate rial may well account for discrepancies in this respect, as the spur must lengthen considerably as the flower develops. Liparis elata Rchb. f. Lee County, July, 1903 (/. E. Layne). Ame* Addition* to Orchid Flora of Florida. Sauroglossum cranichoides n. comb. 117 (Pelexia cranichoides Grisebach, Cat. Plant. Cubensium, 1866, p. 269 ; Spiranthe* storeri Chapman, Flora of the Southern United States, 1897, p. 488 ; Beadlea storeri Small, Flora of the Southeastern United States, 1903, p. 319.) In humus in the deep shade of Breckell Hammock, near Miami, Dade County, Dec. 23-28, 1903 (A.A.Eaton). This is undoubtedly the species described by A. W. Chapman as Spiranihes storeri in 1897, and later placed by Dr. J. K. Small in a new genus as Beadlea storeri. Tracings of the floral organs and of the plant, taken from the type material of Beadlea in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Gardens, agree perfectly with the specimens collected by Mr. Eaton and with Pelexia cranichoides Grisebach. Dr. Small described Beadlea as without callosities at the base of the lip, but this was an oversight, as later investigations showed the presence of two callosities, much the same as in Spiranthes. In referring the species in question to Pelexia, A. H. R. Grisebach must have interpreted the char acters of that genus rather loosely, as the flowers on the plants which he described lack the characteristic spur of Pelexia and do not agree with it in several other important respects. The nearest affinity of Sauroglossum cranichoides seems to be S. datum (Rich.). From both species Sauro- glfmsum elatum Lindl. is distinct, so that it seems best to revive the first specific name of this plant, which would eliminate the likelihood of con fusion and give as a new combination Sauroglossum nitidum (Veil). VOL. XVII. PP 119-120 JUNE 9. 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THREE NEW ORCHID SPECIES. BY OAKES AMES. The three species of orchidaceous plants described below have been for some time the cause of much perplexity, as I have been unable to refer them to species hitherto published. The Den- drobium was given to me by Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, Eng land, who received it from New Guinea, where it was collected by Micholitz. The only information concerning the specimen referred to the color of the flowers and to the probability of there being a variety characterized by ' ' purple ' ' veins on the perianth. The two Epidendrums were collected in Mexico by Mr. C. G. Pringle and are interesting additions to a complex genus. To Mr. R. A. Rolfe, who kindly examined the speci mens and on finding them worthy of specific rank described them, I owe my best thanks. Dendrobium Micholitzii Rolfe. " Densely tufted ; pseudobulbs erect, slender at the base, somewhat thickened upwards and quadrangular, 3-4 inches long, diphyllous at the apex; leaves oblong or obvate-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, 11-2} inches long; flowers terminal, several, from the axils of a cluster of imbricating oblong bracts, creamy yellow with a greenish orange blotch on the lip, sometimes with purple veins on the flower ; pedicels slender, 8-10 lines long ; dorsal sepal oblong lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long ; lateral pair tri angular, acute, prolonged behind into a stout obtuse somewhat curved menturn 4g-6 lines long ; petals linear, acute, 2 J lines long; lip 5-6 lines long, the basal part oblong and somewhat curved, the apex dilated into an obovate obtuse limb, bearing a small oblong crest in the centre; column stout, scarcely over line long. German New Guinea, Micholitz. IS-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904, (119) 120 Ames Three New Orchid &pecies. " An interesting addition to the small section Bolbodium, allied to D. pumilum Eoxb., but far larger in all its parts, and the pseudobulbs dis tinctly quadrangular upwards, as in the Burmese D. quadrangulare Parish, which, however, has smaller flowers and a proportionately shorter mentum. The remaining species is the Philippine D. hymenanthum Rchb. f." Type in herbarium of the Ames Botanical Laboratory. Epidendrum Pringlei Rolfe. " Densely tufted; pseudobulbs ovoid-oblong, 7-10 lines long, 1-2-leaved ; leaves linear-oblong, subobtuse, coriaceous, 2-3 inches long ; scapes slender, erect, 2^-4 inches long, 1-2-flowered ; bracts ovate, apiculate, 1 line long; pedicels 6-8 lines long ; sepals broadly lanceolate, acute, 5 lines long, reflexed ; petals linear-lanceolate, acute, 5 lines long, reflexed ; lip free from column, very shortly stalked, limb dilated into a transversely oblong or suborbicular blade, about 5 lines long by 7 broad, thickened at the base into a two or three-keeled callus from which three slender nerves extend toward the apex ; column 2 lines long, broadly clavate. Mexico, State of Morelos, near Cuernavaca, on tops of mountains, at 8,000 ft. altitude ; C. G. Pringle, May 12, 1898. " A species of the Encycimm section, nearly allied to E. haslatum Lindl., but more slender and smaller in all its parts. The sepals and petals are somew r hat fleshy, and appear to have been dusky brown in colour, while the limb of the lip is membranaceous and white. Of known species it can only be compared with the one mentioned, but it is well characterised by its very slender habit." Type in herbarium of the Ames Botanical Laboratory. Epidendrum oaxacanum Rolfe. " Stems erect, subterete, leafy, 1|-2| ft, high ; leaves oblong, subobtuse, coriaceous, 3-4 inches long, f-1 inch broad ; inflorescences terminal and axillary on the upper part of the stem, somewhat branched, aggregated into a loose head 2^-3 inches long, covered with lanceolate-oblong imbricat ing striate sheaths at the base ; bracts triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, 1^-2 lines long; pedicels 5-7 lines long, slender; dorsal sepal narrowly spatulate-lanceolate, subobtuse, lateral pair rather broader, all more or less convolute, 5-6 lines long; petals narrowly spatulate-linear, subobtuse, 5-6 lines long ; lip adnate to the column, limb three-lobed, 5 lines broad ; front lobe ovate-oblong, obtuse, with three prominent erect keels ; side lobes spreading, broadly oblong, obtuse, with about five thickened veins ; lobes about 2 lines long; disc bearing a pair of broadly oblong crests near the base of the side lobes; column clavate, 4 lines long. Mexico; State of Oaxaca, Sierra de San Filipe, at 7,500 ft. altitude ; C. G. Pringle, Nov. 19, 1894, n. 5830. "An interesting addition to the small section Acropleuranthium, charac terised by having both terminal and axillary inflorescences, of which E. exasperatum Rchb.f. and E. Wallisii Rchb. f. have hitherto been the known representatives. It is very distinct from either and from the dried speci mens appears to have yellowish green flowers." Type in herbarium of the Ames Botanical Laboratory. VOL. XVII, pp. 121-122 J UNE 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS THK BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BLIND EEL, OF THE GENUS ANGUILLA. BY HUGH M. SMITH. [Contribution from U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.] On July 31, 1902, during a cruise of the schooner Grampus to the tile-fish grounds lying on the inner edge of the Gulf Stream, the writer collected at the surface, 60 miles south of Nomaiis Land, a small eel which represents a hitherto un known species of Angwlla, and is here diagnosed and figured. Anguilla caeca Smith, new species. Similar to the common eel, Anguilla chrisypa Rafinesque, but with the head and snout somewhat broader, the mandible longer and more project ing, the eyes completely covered by skin and the body uniformly black. Body cylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly, the depth contained 2.7 times in length of head ; head about .12 total length ; mouth large, lower jaw strongly projecting ; teeth small, in a band in each jaw, a small patch also on vomerine; anterior nostrils tubular, posterior nostrils simple pits in front of eye ; a large pore on each side half-way between nostrils, and a row of large pores on each side of lower jaw; branchial aperture vertical, about length of base of pectoral, extending below base of pectoral ; pectoral fins well developed, .25 length of head; dorsal origin posterior to gill-opening a distance equal to 1.6 length of head; anal origin posterior to dorsal a distance equal to .66 length of head. Scales not evident. Skin uniformly jet black ; fins dark reddish brown by transmitted light ; skin -over eyes not appreciably thinner than elsewhere. Eyes about as large as 19 PROC. BIOL . Soc. WASH . VOL. XVII, 1904. (121) 122 Smith A New Species of Blind Eel. those of common eel of same size and placed posterior to the angle of the mouth, their position indicated by a slight elevation. The type, 6 cm. long, has been deposited in the United States National Museum, and is numbered 51,483 on the fish register. From the foregoing description it will be seen that this species closely resembles .4. c/im///>"- Comparing it with a specimen of the common eel of the same size, of the pale, translucent, type, taken from a tributary of Casco Bay, Maine, May 13, 1903, the most striking differences, besides the absence of functional eyes, are in the length of the lower jaw and the loca tion of the eyes posterior to the angle of the mouth, as shown in the ac companying figures of these two specimens. FIG. 1. Comparison of type of Anguilla cxca Smith (upper figure) with specimen of Anguilla chrisypa Rafinesque (lower figure) of same size. Although this fish was found at the surface, in a locality where the water was about 50 fathoms deep, it is evident that it is a bottom species, and that the type was a stray. VOL. XVII, PP. 123-126 JUNE 9, 1904. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOUR NEW GRASSHOPPER MICE, GENUS ONYCHOMYS. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Among the large series of grasshopper mice in the collection of the Biological Survey are four forms which appear to require recognition by name. Three of these belong to the small torridus group; the fourth to the much larger leiicogaster group. The new forms may be known from the following descriptions: Onychomys torridus tularensis subsp. nov. Type from Bakersfield, Kern County, Calif. Adult female, No. ff}H> U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 19, 1891. A. K. Fisher. Orig. No. 792. Characters. Size small ; color pale drab gray, barely tinged with bufiy. Similar to 0. torridus longicaudus but much paler and without the ochraceous suffusion. Compared with 0. ramona the difference is still more marked, ramona being a very dark form. The type specimen has just moulted the hair of the face and head and as a result the new pelage on these parts is darker than usual. Range. The Tulare basin from Huron and Alcalde south, and adjacent Carrizo Plains on the west and Kern Valley on the east. Measurements. Average of 5 adults : Total length, 143 ; tail vertebrae, 50.5; hind foot, 21. 20 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (123) 124 Merriam Four New Grasshopper Mice. Onychomys torridus yakiensis subsp. nov. Type from Camoa, Kio Mayo, southern Sonora, Mexico. Adult female, No. 95,855, IT. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Oct. 28, 1898. E. A. Goldman. Orig. No. 13,158. Characters. Color similar to that of Onychomys torridus ramona, but size slightly larger (hind foot averaging 22.5 instead of 20.5). Median dorsal area, from crown to base of tail, usually much darker than sides of back. Compared with torridus, longicaudus, and ramona, the molar teeth, particu larly the anterior molars, are broader and heavier, and the palate usually ends posteriorly in a median projection in torridus and ramona it is concave. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 154; tail vertebrae, 53 ; hind foot, 22. Average of 6 specimens from type region : Total length, 149 ; tail vertebra, 53 ; hind foot, 22.5. Remarks. Onychomys yakiensis has the dark head, large ears, and general coloration of ramona, in which respects it differs from typical torridus. Its range appears to be western Sonora and northern Sinaloa, and may join that of ramona around the head of the Gulf of California. The collection of the Biological Survey contains 19 specimens of this form from Camoa and Alamos, Sonora, and Sinaloa, Sinaloa. The series comprises both pelages (grayish brown and dull fulvous) and various ages. The young when half grown are dark gray like those of ramona; when nearly full grown they are pale smoke gray, much paler than ramona of correspond ing age. Onychomys torridus canus subsp. nov. Type from San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, Mexico. Adult female, No. 90,843, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Aug. 23, 1897. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Orig. No. 11,574. Characters. Similar to torridus in general characters, but tail and ears longer, and color drab gray or grayish clay-color instead of fulvous. Measurements. Type specimen : Total length, 152 ; tail vertebrae, 55 ; hind foot, 22. Average of 5 specimens from type locality : Total length, 150 ; tail, 54 ; hind foot, 22. Remarks. In addition to the Zacatecas specimens, others are at hand from Rio Verde and Jesus Maria, San Luis Potosi. Onychomys leucogaster albescens subsp. nov. Type from Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico. Adult female, No. 50,040, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Dec. 12, 1892. C. P. Streator. Orig. No. 2399. Characters. Size large. Similar to 0. leucogaster pallescens from Hopi Pueblos of Arizona, but much paler, and with cheeks and thighs snowy- Merriam Four New Grasshopper Mice. 125 white. Upperparts buffy, deepest on rump ; face from nose to eyes whitish, faintly washed with bun ; cheeks, legs, and thighs snow-white like under- parts. Skull, compared with that of pallescens, smaller and weaker,. braincase narrower, more rounded (less flattened on top) ; rostrum weaker; zygomata much narrower and rounded off anteriorly, slightly spreading posteriorly. [In pallescens as in leucogaster they stand out much farther and more squarely, enclosing a much larger orbital fossa.] Measurements. Type specimen: Total length. 160; tail vertebrae, 60; hind foot, 23. Remarks. The type specimen, which is in fresh winter pelage, has long soft fur and is the most beautiful mouse I have ever seen. With it are two young-adults, not quite full grown, from the same locality. One of these is like the type, only not quite so pale ; the other has the upperparts pale smoke-gray slightly suffused with buffy. VOL. XVII, PP. 127-128 JUNE 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW POCKET MICE OF THE GENUS PEROGNATHUS. BY WILFRED H. OSGOOD. Several hundred specimens of pocket mice have been secured by field parties of the Biological Survey since the publication of the last revision of the genus Perognathvs* Among these are many which serve to increase the knowledge of the distribution and relationships of the various species and subspecies. The new material also indicates that two well-marked subspecies are still unnamed. They may be known as follows: Perognathus flavescens perniger subsp. nov. Type from Vermilion, South Dakota. Young-adult female, No. 57,725, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Aug. 22, 1889. G. S. Agersborg. Characters. Size, proportions, and skull much as in P. flavescens ; color of upperparts chiefly intense black ; underparts chiefly ochraceous buff. Color. Median dorsal region intense black or brownish black to roots of hairs ; sides and head mixed black and ochraceous buff; ears brownish black very narrowly edged with buffy ; inferior subauricular spot bright buff, superior one nearly obsolete ; lateral line ochraceous buff, broad and sharply contrasted ; underparts rich ochraceous buff except chin and a narrow stripe on throat and breast, which are white ; tail dusky above, whitish below, narrowly buffy on sides ; feet buffy, toes paler. Skull. As in P. flavescens. Measurements. Type: Total length, 140; tail vertebrae, 684 hind foot (dry), 17. * North American Fauna, No. 18, September 20, 1900. 21-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (127) 128 Osgood Two New Pocket Mice. Remarks. The type of this subspecies has been in the collection of the Biological Survey for a number of years. It has heretofore been doubtfully referred toflavescms on the assumption that its very dark color was due to melanism or other abnormal condition. Apparently this is not the case, for a second specimen from Vermilion, South Dakota, while quite immature, shows the same dark color, and two adults from Verdigris, Nebraska, are distinctly intermediate. One of these, collected April 23, 1903, by Merritt Gary, has decidedly more dusky than is usual in flavescens, and has the posterior half of the underparts almost entirely buff. The other, collected by V. Bailey, June 11, 1893, is more like flavescens in the color of the upper- parts, but has the buffy suffusion on the belly. The specimens from Ver milion, South Dakota, seem to represent an extreme development of these characters. Typical flavescens invariably has pure white underparts, and except in very high pelage is quite pale throughout. Its home is in the sand hills of Nebraska, where conditions are decidedly different from those in the more humid region inhabited by pe,rniger. Perognathus californicus ochrus subsp. nov. Type from Santiago Springs (16 miles southwest of McKittrick), Kern County, California. Young-adult female, No. 130,348, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. July 30, 1903. Luther J. Goldman. Characters. Similar to P. callfornicas dispar, but decidedly paler. Color. Upperparts mixed pinkish buff and dusky, producing a general effect varying from ecru drab to broccoli brown ; lateral line pale pinkish buff; underparts creamy white; tail hair brown above, white below; hands and feet white. /Skull. As in P. c. dispar. Measurements. Average of 10 young-adult topotypes : Total length, 200 (190-216); tail vertebra, 108.7 (100-119); hind foot, 25. Remarks. This pale form of P. californicus seems to be confined to the region about the lower end of the San Joaquin Valley. The palest speci mens are those from localities nearest the bottom of the valley. Specimens from Tehachapi and Old Fort Tejon show a slight approach to dispar, to which they were formerly referred. A series from Three Kivers, Kern County, is typical of dispar, which seems to indicate that the range of this form is interrupted in the passes at the foot of the San Joaquin Valley by the paler form ochrus. P. c. dispar is itself slightly paler than californicus, but the principal reason for recognizing it is its larger size and cranial characters. Should these cranial characters prove inconstant on the acqui sition of larger series of true californicus, dispar would fall as a synonym of californicus. In any case the form here called ochrus would merit recognition. Specimens examined. Total number, 65, from localities in California as follows : Alcalde, 1 ; Carrizo Plains, 1 ; Cayama Valley, 3 ; Fort Tejon, 2 ; 25 miles above Kernville, 1 ; Onyx, 4 ; Painted Rock, 25 miles southeast of Simmler, 1 ; San Emigdio, 4 ; San Emigdio Canyon, 5 ; Santiago Springs, 16 miles southwest of McKittrick, 36 ; Tehachapi, 2 ; Tejon Canyon, 5. VOL. XVII, PP. 129-130 JUNE 9, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SQUIRRELS OF THE ABERTI GROUP. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Mr. John T. Stewart has recently sent me two specimens of a new squirrel collected hy him in the pine forest on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona. One of these, a female, was ob tained in August; the other, a male, in December. They agree in essential characters and differ strikingly from the well known Abert squirrel of the pine forest of the Arizona plateau south of the Grand Canyon. Mr. Stewart, while at work with a field party of the U. S. Geological Survey on the north side of the Grand Canyon, saw seven and obtained four of the new squir rels; he found them scarce and wild. In addition to the above-mentioned species the Biological Survey collection contains a number of specimens of a pale form of the Abert squirrel from the south end of the Cimarron Moun tains in northeastern New Mexico, mainly from the neighbor hood of Hall Peak. Both of these are here described. Sciurus kaibabensis sp. nov. Type from head of Bright Angel Creek, -top of Kaibab Plateau, north side of Grand Canyon of Colorado, Arizona. Adult male, No. 130,982, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. December 1, 1903. John T. Stewart. Characters, Similar in size and general characters to S. aberti, but under- 22 PKOC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (129) 130 Merriam Two New Squirrels. parts mainly black instead of white, and tail mainly white all over instead of white on under side only. Color. "Upperparts from nose to base of tail dark grizzled gray, consider ably darker than in aberti; back with a ferruginous dorsal area extending from shoulders to rump, and sometimes reaching anteriorly to top of head as in aberli; lower sides, upper part of fore legs, and thighs, mainly solid black ; median parts below, from mouth to base of tail, black mixed with gray; ears in summer blackish (in aberti gray), in winter anterior fold gray, tufts black ; tail white, except extreme base, which is gray, and an indis tinct streak along the middle of upper si4e, which is dark buffy gray, ending in a subterminal blackish band ; nose black ; face (including cheeks and sides of nose), fore feet, and toes finely mixed gray and black; hind feet in summer mainly gray, in winter mainly black. Sciurus aberti mimus subsp. nov. Type from Hall Peak, at south end of Cimarron Mountains, northeastern New Mexico. Adult female, No. 70,908, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. January 16, 1895. C. M. Barber. Original No. 61. Characters. Similar to S. aberti, but gray of upperparts decidedly paler; red dorsal area usually obsolete or nearly so ; upper side of tail paler ; ear tufts pale fulvous, grizzled and tipped with black (instead of mainly black) ; tail apparently shorter. Measurements of type specimen. Length, 485 ; tail vertebrae, 215 ; hind foot, 70. VOL. XVII, PP. 131-134 JULY 14, 1904. PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON JACK RABBITS OF THE LEPUS CAMPESTRIS GROUP. BY C. HART MERRIAM. The large white-tailed jack rabbit of the Northern Plains was named Lepus campestris by Bachman in 1837. The type speci men came from the plains of the Saskatchewan. Two years later (1839) he described, under the name Lepus townsendi, a closely related species from Walla Walla, on the plains of the Columbia. Waterhouse, in 1848, united the two, placing toivnsendi as a synonym under campestris. This course has been followed by subsequent naturalists. An examination of the jack rabbits of this group in the col lection of the U. S. Biological Survey shows that townsendi is a strongly marked form of the campestris group, and that another form, heretofore unrecognized, but here named sierrae, inhabits the Sierra Nevada of California. The three forms, with their ranges so far as now known, may be defined as follows: Lepus campestris Bachman. Lepus campestris Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VII, Pt. 2, 349-352, 1837. Type locality. Plains of Saskatchewan. Range. Northern Great Plains from Plains of Saskatchewan southward to Kansas, and from Minnesota westward to the Rocky Mountains. From 23 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (131) 132 Merriam Jack Rabbits of the Lepus Campestris Group. Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming the range spreads westerly over eastern Idaho, northern Utah, and northeastern Nevada. Characters. Upperparts yellowish gray; thighs grayish, washed with fulvous, becoming snow-white in early fall ; tip of ear margined anteriorly by black, posteriorly marked by a broad squarish black patch changing abruptly to the white below ; tail wholly snow-white, some specimens showing a faint trace of a median dorsal line ; upper surface of fore leg and fore foot ochraceous, sparingly sprinkled with black hairs ; eye surrounded by a broad conspicuous white ring ; top of head and front of ears yellowish gray or buffy yellowish, varying to buffy fulvous ; pectoral collar buffy yellowish. Measurements. Average of 5 specimens from Wyoming : Total length, 615 ; tail vertebrae, 92 ; hind foot, 152. Lepus catnpestris townsendi Bachman. Lepus townsendi. Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VIII, Pt. I, 90-94, 1839. Type locality. Walla Walla, Washington. Range. Plains of the Columbia, in Oregon and Washington. Characters. Upperparts clear gray ; thighs and hind legs deep gray ; tip of ear not bordered anteriorly by black, the black showing along the edge only ; posterior ear-patch narrow, forming only a border, which fades out irregularly into gray below and on the inner side ; tail white, with a dis tinct gray median dorsal line or stripe ; top of fore leg and fore foot buffy gray, strongly grizzled with black hairs ; white ring around eye not con spicuous, the part below the eye indistinct; top of head and front of ears gray or only faintly tinged with pale buffy fulvous; pectoral collar buffy gray. Measurements. Average of 5 from plains of Columbia : Total length, 576; tail vertebrae, 81 ; hind foot, 147. Lepus campestris sierra? subsp. nov. Type from Hope Valley, Alpine County, California, altitude 7800 feet. No. 67,863, female, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. September 9, 1894. F. Stephens. Original No. 1889. Range. In summer, the Sierra Nevada from Lake Tahoe southward to south of Mono Lake ; in winter, adjacent sage-brush slopes on east side of Sierra in Nevada and California. Characters. Size large ; hind foot exceedingly long (167 mm.) ; weight of type specimen, 8} Ibs. Similar in general to townsendi, but feet much larger and ears broadly tipped with black on both sides, more broadly even than in campestris, the black covering the tip of the anterior or upper fold in front as well as behind, and forming a large rectangular patch behind ; back, thighs, and pectoral collar gray, as in townsendi; upper side of tail Merriam Jack Rabbits of the Lepus Campestris Group. 133 with a conspicuous broad gray median band, tapering to a point and dis appearing before reaching tip; white ring around eye broad and con spicuous above and behind the eye, narrow below posteriorly, disappearing anteriorly ; upper lip and sides of nose, including patch at base of whiskers, intense buffy fulvous ; pectoral collar and flanks gray, the gray of flanks encroaching on belly ; top of fore legs grizzled buffy fulvous ; wrists and fore feet dirty yellowish white ; hind feet white. Remarks. The latter part of September, 1900, John Muir and I, after ascending Bloody Canyon to Mono Pass, came upon one of these large hares among the Murray and white bark pines on the west side about two miles below the Pass, and near Dana Creek, which is one of the heads of Tuolumne River. The Paiute Indians at Mono Lake showed me a number of snow-white winter skins of this rabbit, and told me that in winter it comes out of the mountains and inhabits the higher sage-brush slopes on upper Rush Creek, from which locality the Biological Survey has recently secured specimens, through the courtesy of Will ,T. Farrington, of Mono Lake. All of these specimens unfortunately are in the white winter pelage, though most of them show some dark gray on the head and some pale fulvous on the ears, nose, and fore feet. The ears are strongly washed with pale fulvous. The ear-tips are black on both sides, but the black area is not so large as in the specimen in summer pelage from Hope Valley. In typical campestris also the black ear-tips are smaller in winter than in summer. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 635; tail vertebrae, 112 ; hind foot, 167. VOL. XVII, PP. 135-138 J ULY 14, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON UNRECOGNIZED JACK RABBITS OF THE LEPUS TEXT ANUS GROUP. BY C. HART MERRIAM. The texianus group of jack rabbits comprises a number of species and subspecies inhabiting the western part of North America from the State of Durango in Mexico north to South Dakota and the Columbia River, and from middle Texas west to the coast region of California. One of these, Lepus texianus deserticola Mearns, occupies the Colorado and Mohave deserts and the desert region generally east of the High Sierra. Another subspecies inhabits the Plains of the Columbia in Oregon and Washington. It resembles deserticola, but is much darker, and may be distinguished by other characters pointed out in the accompanying description . It is here named Lepus texianus wallawalla. In the interior of California, west of the Sierra, three forms occur : (1) Lepus calif ornicus Gray, 1887. A large, highly-colored, reddish brown or fulvous species, inhabiting the coast region from San Diego northward, spreading over the Sacramento Valley and foothills of the northern Sierra, and continuing over Shasta Valley to the Rogue River and Willamette Valley in Oregon. Type locality, San Antonio, Calif., doubtless the old Mission of that name a few miles north of Jolon, Monterey County. 24 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. Vol.. XVII, 1904. (135) 136 Merriam Unrecognized Jack Rabbits. (2) Lepus richardsoni Bachman, 1839. A form resembling calif ornicus, but slightly smaller and much paler in color, lack ing the reddish suffusion, the general tone of the upperparts being buffy grayish instead of reddish brown. This form in habits Salinas Valley and bordering ranges on both sides, fol lows the mountains around the south end of the Joaquin Valley, and passes north in the foothills of the Sierra to about the latitude of San Francisco. The type locality may be fixed in Salinas Valley or the mountains close by on the west, probably not far from Jolon. It was described by Bachman in 1839, but was regarded by Waterhouse as the same as calif omicus, and for more than fifty years has been so considered. (3) An exceedingly pallid form, inhabiting the hot south end of the San Joaquin Valley. This form seems to have escaped a name, and is here described as Lepus tularensis. The type specimens of both L. calif ornicus and L. richardsoni were collected by the botanist David Douglas in 1831, presum ably on his overland journey from Monterey to Santa Barbara. In fact, Gray gives San Antonio as the locality for calif ornicus. This was doubtless the old Mission of San Antonio, situated in the valley of the same name in the coast ranges west of Salinas Valley, a few miles south of Santa Lucia Peak and a little north of the present town of Jolon, Monterey County. Lepus richard soni inhabits the same region, the western edge of its distribution joining the eastern edge of that of calif ornicus along a line ex tending parallel to the coast from Jolon to San Luis Obispo. The collection of the Biological Survey contains specimens of richardsoni from Jolon, Paso Robles, and San Luis Obispo, and of calif ornicus from a few miles west of San Luis Obispo. As Douglas states in a letter to Sir Joseph Hooker that he collected in this region and visited the Santa Lucia Mountains in lat. 36, there is every reason to believe that the type specimens of both californicus and richardsoni were collected in the same general neighborhood. Lepus tularensis sp. nov. Type from Alila (in bottom of San Joaquin Valley), Tulare Co., California. No. 126,334, adult female, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collec tion. October 25, 1900. Luther J. Goldman. Merriam Unrecognized Jack Rabbits. 137 Characters. Similar in general to L. texianus deserticola, but usually paler and more yellowish ; size rather small for the texianus group ; color pale buffy grayish with a yellowish tone ; back only slightly grizzled with black hairs ; nape patch whitish ; face, particularly sides of face and neck, pale buffy yellowish or yellowish buff, only slightly grizzled by dark hairs ; pectoral collar pale yellowish ; black ear-tips not sharply denned below ; thighs grayish clay color ; underparts white, with only a tinge of pale yel lowish buffy on the sides ; skull long and slender; frontals and nasals very narrow. Measurements of type specimen. Total length, 558 ; tail vertebrae, 84 ; hind foot, 117. Remarks. Lepus tularensis is a pallid form inhabiting the hot Bakersfield- Tulare Basin at the extreme south end of the San Joaquin Valley, whence it extends over the adjacent Carrizo Plain on the west. In winter its domain is invaded by the foothill species of the surrounding region, Lepus richardsoni Bachman, both occurring at Alila, Bakersfield, and other points not too far from the base of the hills. Lepus texianus wallawalla subsp. nov. Type from Touchet, Plains of Columbia, Washington. Adult female, No. ff Iff , U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Sept. 18, 1890. C. P. Streator. Original No. 271. Characters. In summer pelage similar to L. texianus deserticola, but upperparts darker ; in fresh winter pelage similar to eremicus and richard soni. Skull and hind foot small as in deserticola and tularensis (contrasted with the large-footed forms texianus, eremicus, and calif ornicus). Compared with deserticola, the ears are shorter ; hind foot slightly larger ; color of upperparts decidedly darker, partly from much greater admixture of black hairs and partly from a dull buffy fulvous suffusion. In fresh fall pelage ( middle October) wallawalla becomes strongly suffused with pale buffy fulvous, most intense on sides, and the pectoral collar is still more deeply fulvous. The top of head and sides of face remain grizzled gray (nearly as gray as in richardsoni), but a broad ring around the eye and the sides of the neck are pale fulvous, almost but not quite so pronounced as in eremicus. The fronts of the ears are finely grizzled fulvous brown, darker than in eremicus and less gray than in richardsoni and deserticola. In summer pelage the fulvous suffusion is lost, the eye ring becomes nearly white, the cheeks pale buffy gray with very little grizzling, and the pectoral collar pale yellowish buffy. Measurements of type specimen. Total length, 555 ; tail vertebrae, 95 ; hind foot, 126. Average of hind foot in 4 specimens, 127. VOL. XVII, pp. 139-146 JULY 14, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON _, : L_ NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN KANGAROO RATS OF THE GENUS PERODIPUS. BY C. HART MERRIAM. The kangaroo rats, a group peculiar to the arid parts of North America, are represented by three genera Dipodomys, Perodipus, and Microdipodops. The latter is very much more distinct from the others than they are from each other. Dipodomys and Microdipodops have been previously studied, and the species have been published, but up to the present time only a begin ning has been made in working out the species of Perodipus. A study of the rich collections of the Biological Survey leads me to recognize nine new forms, which are here described. One of these, named ingens, is a very large animal for a kangaroo rat, equaling in size Dipodomys spectabilis from Arizona and New Mexico. It inhabits the hot Carrizo Plain and adjacent southern end of the San Joaquin Valley in California. Another species, P. microps, from Lone Pine, Owens Valley, is the smallest of the genus thus far discovered, being smaller even than ordi and columbianus. A curious feature connected with the kangaroo rats of this genus is that most of the species and subspecies may be arranged in four groups according to size: The small ordi group, the slightly larger montanus group, the decidedly larger agilis group, 25 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (139) 140 Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. and ingew, the largest of all. Another interesting feature is that in many localities two species occur together, and in several places three may be found within a distance of a few miles. The various species appear to be highly sensitive to climatic conditions, and adhere very closely to definite zone positions. As a result, it is not uncommon in the Great Basin region to encounter two or three species in ascending from the bottom of a desert valley to the adjacent mountain slopes. The great majority of species belong to the Upper "Sonoran zone, of which some inhabit the upper part, some the lower. A few belong to the Lower Sonoran and Transition zones respectively, and one species montanus of Baird apparently enters the lower edge of the Boreal. Like the other kangaroo rats, the members of the genus Perodipus are primarily desert animals. A few species inhabit the bare open deserts, but most of them live in the brushy deserts, and at least two of the California species streatori and venustus live among the manzanita thickets of the mountain slopes a very curious place in which to find a kangaroo rat. One of these species, venustus, inhabits the Santa Cruz Moun tains, and was also obtained by the Goldman brothers and myself on the very top of Santa Lucia Peak, in the coast ranges, at an altitude of 6000 feet. Note on Perodipus montanus Baird. Dipodomys montanus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 334, 1855. Perodipus montanus of Baird is a well-marked species, a little larger than ordi, but decidedly smaller than agilis, longipes, and richardsoni. It was collected by F. Kreuzfeldt on Captain Beck with 's expedition, in San Luis Valley, south central Colorado, near Old Fort Massachusetts (now Fort Garland), from which point the Biological Survey has obtained a large series of topotypes. By a curious error, Dr. E. A. Mearns has identified the species with Dipodomys elator Merriam of Texas (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, 167, Oct. 31, 1900). Fortunately, Baird's type specimen ofmontanvs is still in existence, in the U. S. National Museum. Comparison of this type with the above-mentioned series of topotypes shows them to be iden tical, and to differ widely from Dipodomys elator of Texas. Doctor Mearns may have been misled by the fact that the fifth toe (really the thumb) which distinguishes Perodipus from Dipodomys is not apparent in the type specimen, for the reason that the hind feet were skinned down to the toes and the bones removed. In all other respects it Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. 141 agrees with the topotypes of montanus. Externally it has the small ears and relatively small, pale, crested tail of P. montanus, thus differing widely from Dipodomys elator, which has larger ears and a long round tail ending in a pure white brush about an inch in length, below which the upper and under tail stripes are nearly black. The whitish tip in the type of montanus is widely different, and results from the wearing off or suppression of the pale brownish wash which usually suffuses the tips of the hairs. Some of the topotypes are in exactly the same condition and match the type perfectly. In comparing skulls of topotypes of P. montanus with those of D. elator, it appears that montanus has weaker and narrower maxillary arches, narrower nasals, narrower premaxillse, and narrower rostrum as a whole, and also differs in the enamel face of the upper incisor teeth. In all of these characters, the skull of Baird's type specimen, although not fully adult and somewhat imperfect, agrees with the topotypes and departs from D. elator. Furthermore, P. montanus came from the neighborhood of Fort Garland at an altitude of nearly 8000 feet, in the upper part of the Transi tion zone, while D. elator came from Henrietta, Texas, at an altitude of less than 1000 feet and in the Lower Sonoran zone. Perodipus montanus may be known from the following description : Characters. Size medium or rather small ; tail rather short; ears small ; upperparts dull buffy ochraceous, abundantly lined on the head with fine dark-tipped hairs ; the back in summer pelage shading toward clay-color, produced by brownish tips to the hairs ; end of nose above the small white tip indistinctly dusky ; patch at base of whiskers dusky ; upper or interior fold of ear pale fulvous, with a dark spot near the tip, followed by a small whitish point which comes over from the back side of the ear, which is mainly white ; upper tail stripe pale brownish drab, normally continuous to extreme tip ; under tail stripe narrowing toward tip, and often absent beyond end of vertebrae. Skull. Intermediate in size between ordi and richardsoni; rostrum, nasals, and premaxillee rather narrow ; bullae rather large for size of skull ; maxillary arch rather weak and narrow, but with well-developed rounded outer angle ; supraoccipital and interparietal broad. The skull as a whole closely resembles that of ordi, but is larger, the total length averaging about 38 mm. instead of 36. The maxillary arch is actually only a trifle larger than in ordi, thus being relatively smaller. Measurements. Average of 40 specimens from type locality: Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 140; hind foot, 40.8. Perodipus ingens sp. nov. Type from Painted Rock, 20 miles southeast of Simmler, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo Co., California. Adult male, No. 128,805, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. August 6, 1903. Luther J. Gold man. Original No. 777. 142 Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. Characters. Size huge, not only very much larger than the largest known species of Perodipus, but equaling Dipodomys spectabilis. Skull about double the bulk of the largest previously known Perodipus, and relatively heavy and massive. Color buffy ochraceous ; upper and lower tail bands black, uniting at end of vertebrae, beyond which the pencil is white, super ficially washed with dusky (chiefly on upper surface). Ears relatively small, actually not larger than in agilis. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 360; tail vertebrae, 191; hind foot, 54. Average of 6 specimens : Totaflength, 350 ; tail vertebrae, 190 ; hind foot, 52. Skull of type : Total length, 48 mm. ; occipito-nasal length, 45 ; basal length, 34 ; zygomatic breadth, 23.5 ; breadth across bulle, 30.5; breadth of frontals posteriorly, 17, behind lachrymals, 15; length of nasals, 18. Remarks. Perodipus ingens so greatly exceeds in size all known species of the genus that no comparison is necessary. Its range, so far as known, is the Carrizo Plain and adjacent southwestern border of the San Joaquin Valley. Specimens were collected by L. J. Goldman at three localities : Carrizo Plain (8 miles east of Simmler), Painted Rock (20 miles southeast of Simmler), and McKittrick (in western Kern County, about 35 miles west of Bakersfield). Whether or not it spreads over sui'table parts of the Kern- Tulare basin remains to be ascertained. Perodipus venustus sp. nov. Type from Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., California. Adult male, No. 51,852, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. March 12, 1893. G. B. Badger. Original No. 46. Range. Santa Cruz and Santa Lucia Mountains, California. Characters. In size and general characters similar to P. agilis, but color very much darker ; nose black, passing into black band at base of whiskers ; top of head, back, and thigh patches dusky, finely grizzled with ochraceous, the ochraceous becoming more distinct on sides; ears large and nearly black, with the usual pale spots at base, and at top of fold ; ankle, sides of heel, sole, and tail stripes nearly black ; hairs of rump forming a black patch just in front of basal white ring of tail. Skull.' Similar to that of agilis but slightly longer ; maxillary arch of zygoma broader on outer side, with a pronounced outer angle (lacking in agilis); jugal weaker; nasals slightly larger (both longer and broader); premaxillse broader ; incisors heavier. Compared with P. tularensis, the nasals and premaxillse are broader, the outer angle of maxillary arch less developed, the bullse more projecting posteriorly. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 339 ; tail vertebrae, 211 ; hind foot, 46. Average of 14 from type locality : Total length, 316; tail vertebrae, 191 ; hind foot, 45.3. Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. 143 Perodipus* goldmani sp. nov. Tt/pc from Salinas, mouth of Salinas Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. Young- adult male, No. 118,924, U. S. National Musuem, Biological Survey Collec tion. September 4, 1902. Luther J. Goldman. Original No. 431. Characters. Size large, nearly as large as venustus, but tail shorter and ears smaller. Coloration intermediate between the paler agilis and the darker venustus. Upperparts finely mixed dusky and buffy ochraceous, resulting in a drab-brown which covers the head and back, becoming grizzled ochraceous on the flanks ; dusky marks at base of whiskers and on ankles large and conspicuous. Skull. Similar to that of tularensis, but nasals and premaxillae broader. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 312; tail vertebrae, 185; hind foot, 46. Average of 8 from type locality : Total length, 313 ; tail vertebrae, 185 ; hind foot, 45.4. Perodipus agilis tularensis subsp. nov. Type from Alila, Tulare Co., California. Adult female, No. 127,158, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. June' 23, 1903. Luther J. Goldman. Original No. 563. Characters. Externally like agilis; tail slightly longer. Skull similar, but maxillary arches more strongly developed, more broadly spreading, broader antero-posteriorly on outer side, and developing a prominent recurved angle ; premaxillse longer on top of skull (alongside nasals), con stricting nasals more abruptly just behind anterior third ; sides of fronto- parietal shield less parallel (approximating anteriorly). The skull resembles that of panamintinus (with which it agrees in size), but differs strikingly in the nasals, which are shorter, and anteriorly are broader and more abruptly spreading. The supra-occipital is narrower than in panamintinus, allowing the bullae to come nearer together. Externally panamintinus is much paler. The skull of tularensis compared with that of venustus is slightly smaller, nasals and premaxillse narrower, outer angle of maxillary arch more prominent, bullee less produced posteriorly. Remarks Specimens are at hand from Alila and Tejon Canyon. Measurements. Type specimen : Total length, 308 ; tail vertebrae, 182 ; hind foot, 41. Perodipus montanus utahensis subsp. nov. Type from Ogden, Utah . Adult male, No. 55, 1 15, U. S. National Museum , Biological Survey Collection. July 15, 1893. Vernon Bailey. Original No. 4085. Characters. Similar to montanus, but hind foot slightly smaller and decidedly more slender ; upperparts less fulvous and more drab or clay 144 Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. color ; ears darker, the anterior fold dusky except at extreme tip ; under tail-stripe continuous to tip of pencil. Skull. Like that of montanus, but frontals narrower anteriorly, and tympanic capsule smaller (shorter), with the underpart weak anteriorly. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 260; tail vertebrae, 150; hind foot, 41. Average of 10 from type locality : Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 147 ; hind foot, 40.2. Perodipus streatori simulans subsp. nov. Type from Dulzura, San Diego Co., California. Adult female, No. ff }f , U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. November 24, 1891. C. H. Marsh. Original No. 255. Characters. Externally so similar to streatori that I have found no con stant difference except that the end of tail is not white. In spring (end March) and early fall (August), and probably summer also, the color is paler and more ochraceous than in late fall (October). In October speci mens the dusky of the back prevails over the tawny or pale fulvous tones. Skull like that of streatori, but maxillary arch of zygoma less spreading laterally, and cranium less squarely rectangular. In a series of skulls of streatori placed side by side the maxillaries almost touch ; in a correspond ing series of simulans they are separated by an interval of about 4 mm. Some specimens (about 1 in 10) of this subspecies appear to be inter mediate between the genera Dipodomys and Perodipus, inasmuch as they lack the hallux or the hallux has no claw, thus having only 4 claws instead of 5. Remarks. This is a wide-ranging form. The Biological Survey collec tion contains specimens from Dulzura and Twin Oaks (near San Marcos) in San Diego County, and thence northward at least to Morro in San Luis Obispo County. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 280; tail vertebrae, 165 ; hind foot, 40. Average of 10 from type locality : Total length, 285 ; tail vertebrae, 172 ; hind foot, 41. Average of 10 streatori from type locality (Carbondale, Mariposa County) : Total length, 286; tail vertebrae, 175; hind foot, 42. Perodipus cabezonae sp. nov. - Type from Cabezon, Colorado Desert, California. Adult female, No. 54,055, II., S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. May 31, 1893. C. P. Streator. Original No. 2859. Characters. Size rather small (between ordi and panamintinus) ; ears rather large; color buffy ochraceous. Externally most like panamintinus, but ear slightly larger ; hind foot shorter ; nose paler (usual dark patch obsolete) ; head and face more fulvous. Merriam Little Known Kangaroo Rats. 145 Skull. Rather long and narrow ; sides of fronto-parietal shield approxi mating anteriorly ; maxillary arches compressed. Compared with pana- mintinus and agilis the maxillary arches are much less spreading, their outer margins slope more strongly backward, and the frontals are narrower between lachrymals (more wedgeshape). Measurements. Type specimen (female) : Total length, 275 ; tail verte brae, 162 ; hind foot, 42. Average of 8 from type locality: Total length, 282 ; tail vertebrae, 171 ; hind foot, 42.3. Perodipus microps sp. nov. - Type from Lone Pine, Owens Valley, Inyo Co., California. Adult male, No. ffff f , U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. Decem ber 22, 1890. E. W. Nelson. Original No. 138. Characters. Size small, as in ordi and columbianus ; ears small and pale ; color pale buffy ochraceous, much paler than ordi and columbianus. Skull. Small and rather narrow, and very different from that of any known species ; compared with ordi and columbianus, braincase narrower; nasals narrower; premaxillae broader; parietals (together) much more acutely pointed posteriorly; breadth of single parietal much less than length (in ordi length and breadth subequal) , maxillary arch much weaker and more slender, without external angle ; supraoccipital between bullae narrower ; incisors thinner (anteroposteriorly) and more vertical (less in curved). Measurements. Type specimen : Total length, 282 ; tail vertebras, 165 ; hind foot, 41. Average of 5 from type locality : Total length, 270 ; tail vertebrae, 158 ; hind foot, 40.6. Perodipus microps levipes subsp. nov. Type from Perognathus Flat, Emigrant Gap, Panamint Mountains, Cali- ifornia (altitude 5200 ft.) Adult male, No. f ||jf , U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 16, 1891. Vernon Bailey. Original No. 2668. Characters. Size small, little larger than microps from Lone Pine ; ears small ; color pale buffy ochraceous, as in microps. Skull small, with large posteriorly bulging bullse, and narrow, weak maxillary arches. Compared with microps the hind foot and skull as a whole are larger ; bullae decidedly larger ; parietals less acutely pointed posteriorly. From P. cabezonse, which has equally large bullae, it may be told at a glance by the small, narrow, weak, and tapering maxillary arches, and by the very much smaller ears. Measurements. Type specimen: Total length, 288; tail vertebrae, 156; hind foot, 43. Average of 10 : Total length, 289.5 ; tail vertebrae, 164 ; hind foot, 42.4. Total length of skull 38, contrasted with 35 for microps. VOL. XVII, pp. 147-150 OCTOBER 6, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SQUIRRELS FROM MEXICO. BY E. W. NELSON. In 1651 Hernandez recorded the presence of flying squirrels in Mexico. The next record south of the United States was in 1861, when Tomes included it in his list of mammals taken hy Salvin at Duenas, Guatemala (P. Z. S., 1861, p. 281). In 1892 I saw a pair of mounted specimens in the museum of the State College at the city of San Luis Potosi. These were re corded as having been taken near Jilitla, in San Luis Potosi. During all of our subsequent work in Mexico, until the present season, whenever in suitable country, both Goldman and I have kept a constant but unsuccessful lookout for these animals. During April, 1904, while in the highlands of Chiapas, near the Guatemala border, Goldman was fortunate enough to secure a good pair of adult flying squirrels with skulls. In view of the striking differences between the Mexican and United States species of Sciurus it was a great surprise to find this isolated repre sentative of SciuropterifS very closely related to forms found in the United States. Both the forms of Sciurus described below are smaller and paler than their most closely-related subspecies occupying ad joining territory. 26 PKOC. BIOI,. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (147) 148 Nelson Descriptions of New Squirrels from Mexico. Sciuropterus volans goldmani subsp. nov. MEXICAN FLYING SQUIRREL. Type No. 132,833, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From 20 miles southeast of Teopisca, Chiapas, Mexico, collected April 8, 1904, by E. A. Goldman. Original No. 16,667. Geographic distribution. Highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala. Subspecific characters. Much like S. volans quercrli, but top of nose white ; postocular are a much darker ; and underside of flying membrane deep ochraceous buff. Description of type. Top of head and upper parts of body nearly uniform reddish brown, slightly more reddish than in Sciuropterus volans querceti ; upper surface of flying membrane blackish slate color ; top of tail cinnamon brown ; tops of fore-feet dingy whitish ; tops of hind-feet dusky, toes dingy whitish ; top and sides of nose, lower part of cheeks, and sides of neck to back of ears whitish ; area between eye and ear dusky, shading down into dingy grayish brown on cheeks and sides of head below ears ; supraloral spot whitish; underside of neck and body white with a pale suffusion of buff; underside of flying .membrane deep ochraceous buff; underside of tail dingy buff. Ears large and broad. Measurements of type. Total length, 237; tail vertebrae, 1 12 ; hind foot, 30. Skull characters. Skull scarcely distinguishable from that of S. volans querceti. Measurements of skull of type. Basalilar length of Hensel, 28 ; interorbital width, 7.5; zygomatic width, 22 ; greatest width of b rain case, 17.5 ; length of nasals, 10.2; width of rostrum, 6; depth of rostrum, 7. General notes. This flying squirrel is so closely related to S. volans that I have felt constrained to consider it a subspecies although its range is com pletely isolated by some hundreds of miles of intervening desert country from its nearest relative to the north. The resemblance between the Florida and Mexican flying squirrels is remarkably close ; the white top to the nose, slightly more reddish upperparts, and rich fulvous on the underside of the flying membrane are about the only characters that dis tinguish the Chiapas animal. The lack of contrast between the top of the head and back, the dark postocular area, and the white nose separate it from Texas specimens. Sciurus poliopus senex subsp. nov. MICHOACAN SQUIRREL. Type No. 126,208, adult female, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, southern Michoacan, Mexico. Collected March 14, 1903, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 16,127. Geographic distribution. Below 4,000 feet in the valley of the 'Balsas River (and tributaries) in central and southern Michoacan and adjacent parts of northwestern Guerrero. Nelson Descriptions of New Squirrels from Mexico. 149 Zonal distribution. Arid tropical. Subspecific characters. Most like Sciurus p. nemoralis, but upperparts paler or lighter gray, nuchal patch more clearly defined yellowish ; rump patch more obsolescent. Description of type. Top of head iron-gray; nape patch ochraceous mixed with black ; rest of back pale grizzled gray with slight mixture of ochraceous grizzling posteriorly, but not sufficient to form a rump patch ; sides of body paler than back ; top of tail black with heavy wash of white ; tops of feet white; underparts of body white; median area on underside of tail dull gray bordered with blackish ; outer edge of tail white. Measurements oflype. Total length, 543 ; tail vertebrae, 275 ; hind foot, 69. Skull characters Rostrum heavier and braincase narrower than in S. p. nemoralis, with braincase more abruptly constricted posteriorly and occipi tal diameter shorter. General notes. Compared with a similar series of typical S. p. nemoralis (the most closely allied form) the present subspecies is distinctly lighter colored, the yellowish nape patch averages decidedly better denned, and the rump patch is scarcely or not at all appreciable in most specimens and poorly defined when present. In all except melanistic specimens the pale grayish wash on the back and sides is underlaid with buffy or yellowish similar in shade to the nape patch and varying in amount so that in some specimens it is scarcely distinguishable, but it usually shows through the overlying gray sufficiently to give a pale yellowish suffusion. As might be supposed from the climatic differences the tail is decidedly slenderer or less bushy than in nemoralis and the pelage much thinner and shorter haired. Melanism sometimes occurs in this form, as attested by one specimen taken. Sciurus poliopus perigrinator subsp. nov. PUEBLA SQUIRREL. Type No. 70,279, adult female, U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. From Piaxtla, Puebla, Mexico. Collected November 25, 1894, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 7104. Geographic distribution. Southern Puebla, northwestern Oaxaca and ad jacent parts of Guerrero. Zonal distribution. From upper Sonoran to arid tropical. Subspecific characters. Most like Sciurus p. hernandezi but more brightly colored ; rump and nape patches well marked ; underside of tail rusty red almost as in typical poliopus. Description of type. Top of nose and fore part of crown iron-gray ; back part of crown and nape marked with a dark ochraceous buffy patch mixed with black ; rest of upperparts to rump light iron-gray, underlaid and mixed with ochraceous; sides of body paler than back; rump with a distinct ochraceous patch mixed with black ; tops of feet white ; upper- side of tail black with a strong wash of white and underlaid basal ly with rusty ochraceous; underparts of body rich cream-buff; underside of tail 150 Nelson Descriptions of New Squirrels from Mexico. with broad median area bright ochraceous bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements of type Toted length, 535 ; tail vertebrae, 273 ; hind foot, 69. Skull characters. Skull smaller and lighter than in S. p. hernandezi ; bailee smaller ; outer end of nasals broadened, producing an inflated tip. Number of specimens examined. Five. General notes. The brighter colors of the nape and rump patches, the paler back, the reddish color of basal parts of hairs on tail, and the buffy underparts make a combination of characters which easily distinguish this form from its allies. One of these five specimens before me has the underparts pure white ; and a half-grown specimen has the underside of the tail dull yellowish gray. The rump and nape patches while distinct are scarcely darker than the underside of the tail. \ VOL. XVII, PP. 151-152 OCTOBER 6, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW BIRDS FROM MEXICO. BY E. W. NELSON. The birds described below were collected by Mr. E. A. Gold man during the spring and summer of 1904 while continuing the work of the Biological Survey in Mexico. Porzana gold man! sp. nov. MEXICAN YELLOW RAIL. Type No. 193,712, adult male, U.S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From Lerma, Mexico. Collected July 11, 1904, by E. A. Goldman. Original No. 10,994. Geographic distribution. Known only from type locality in the Valley of Toluca, Mexico. Specific characters. Generally similar to P. noveboracensis but darker, the wings, flanks, and rump slaty blackish ; white markings on back in the form of transverse spots ; bill slenderer. Description of type. Superciliary stripe, sides of head and neck dark buffy mottled with narrow blackish edgings to feathers ; top of head and nape blackish obscurely streaked with narrow dingy huffy edges of feathers ; middle of shoulders streaked equally with black and rather dark buffy; sides of shoulders, scapulars and tertials mainly black edged with dark buffy ; the black middle of feathers marked with transverse oblong white spots (usually two on each feather) ; rump blackish with small white spots; primaries dark slaty; secondaries dark grayish with white areas as in noveboracensis ; wing coverts blackish with small rounded white spots ; chin and throat pale dull buffy shading on lower neck and breast into dark dull buffy with feathers on sides of breast tipped with dusky ; belly 27 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (151) 152 Kelson Descriptions of Fotir New Birds from Mexico. dull whitish ; sides of body, flanks, thighs, and crissum dull black with spots and bars of white. One specimen examined. Empidonax fulvifrons fusciceps subsp. nov. Type No. 193,713, adult male, U.S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico. Collected March 29, 1904, by E. A. Goldman. Original No. 10,625. Geographic distribution. Highlands of Chiapas and adjacent parts of Guatemala. Subspeciftc characters. In size and color of underparts like typical fulvi frons ; upperparts darker; crown much darker and strongly contrasted with back. Four specimens examined ; from Comitan, Teopisca, and Tenejapa, Chiapas. Arremenops superciliosus chiapensis subsp. nov. Type No. 193,714, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From San Bartolome, Chiapas, Mexico. Collected. March 15, 1904, by E. A. Goldman. Original No. 10,533. Geographic distribution. Valley of the Chiapas River, Chiapas. Subspecific characters. Much like Arremonops s. snmichrasti but top of head darker, the median stripe on crown darker and grayer ; back dark green as in typical superciliosus ; distribution of buffy on underparts as in Kumichrasti but color of a deeper or more creamy shade; size as in sumichrasti. Nine specimens examined. Telmatodytes palustris tolucensis subsp. nov. MEXICAN MARSH WUKN. Type No. 194,074, adult male, U. S. National Museum, Biological Sur vey Collection. From Lerma, Mexico. Collected July 5, 1904, by E. A. Goldman. Original No. 10,950. Geographic distribution. Known only from Tuluca Valley, Mexico. Sabspecific characters. Size less than in palustris; black dorsal area averages larger ; rufous of back brighter ; underparts much more reddish buffy. Description of type (in worn breeding plumage). Top of head blackish with traces of a brown median line ; middle of back black with well defined white shaft streaks; rump and upper tail coverts rich reddish brown; middle tail feathers dull grayish brown mottled with darker and indi stinctly barred with same basally ; underparts dull dark reddish buffy (including pectoral area) becoming dingy whitish on chin and throat and middle of abdomen. Measurements of type. Wing, 51 ; tail, 40; culmen, 12; tarsus, 20. Seven specimens examined, all from type locality. VOL. XVII, PP. 153-156 OCTOBER 6, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OP THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOUR NEW BEARS FROM NORTH AMERICA. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Notwithstanding the large number of bears already known from North America, four more appear to require recognition . Three of these are from Alaska ; the fourth is a small form of the Black Bear from the desert mountains of eastern Mexico. Ursus eulophus sp. nov. Type from Admiralty Island, southeastern Alaska. No. 81,102. Adult male. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. 1896. Lieut. G. T. Emmons. Characters. Size large, equaling the Sitka bear ; color said to be very dark brown. Sagittal crest remarkably high anteriorly ; frontals extraor dinarily elevated posteriorly ; rather narrow interorbitally ; frontal shield long and high and in a single flat plane sloping strongly upward from an terior third of nasals almost to fronto-parietal suture (not decurved poste riorly) ; braincase narrowed and compressed anteriorly, passing gradually into sagittal crest ; rostrum rather narrow (as in horribilis, as contrasted with the broader sitkensis) ; maxillae long, reaching back into frontals to beyond plane of nasals ; interpterygoid fossa long and narrow ; molars larger than in the grizzlies, fully as large as in sitkensis ; lower carnassial slender, especially anteriorly ; nT2 narrower and less rectangular than in sitkensis; last lower premolar smaller and thinner than in sitkensis ; incisors small, as in horribilis (very much smaller than in sitkensis, particularly the outer incisor). 28 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (153) 154 Merriam Four New Bears from North America. Ursus kenaiensis sp. nov. Type from Cape Elizabeth, at extreme west end of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. No. 128,672. Adult female. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. 1903. C. A. Lambert. Characters. Size large ; skull broad, flat and remarkably massive, with exceedingly broad rostrum, not constricted at base, but spreading broadly into zygomata; zygomata broadly spreading; jugal very broad anteriorly ; frontals depressed, flattened, low posteriorly ; postorbital processes large, blunt, projecting horizontally outward from top of skull ; palate exceedingly broad; nasals large and broad; anterior nares rather small. Canines small (as in the grizzlies) ; incisors and molars large. From Ursus richard- soni, apparently its nearest relative, it may be distinguished at a glance by larger size, broader palate, and by the form of the temporal ridges, which do not turn abruptly inward behind the postorbital processes. From kidderi and phseonyx it differs in greater massiveness ; much broader ros trum, palate, and zygomata, and flatter 'frontals. Compared with kidderi the skull as a whole is shorter and broader ; the incisors and canines of approximately the same size. Compared with phaeonyx the skull is in every way larger, broader, and far more massive ; the canines are approxi mately the sam.e size ; the incisors larger. Ursus horribilis phseonyx subsp. nov. Type from Comet Creek (5 miles below head), a tributary of Forty Mile Creek, near Eagle, Alaska. No. 133,231. Old female. U. S. National Mu seum, Biological Survey Collection. July 12, 1903. W. H. Osgood. Orig inal No. 2684. Characters. Similar in general to U. horribilis, but claws shorter, more strongly curved, and dark blue-black [in horribilis long, flattish, and mainly white]. Ears rather short and densely haired on both sides. Color of skin dark brown. Color. Back and legs very dark brown, almost blackish brown ; tips of hairs on back where not worn off grizzled ; underparts and muzzle pale brown. Cranial and dental characters. Skull similar to that of horribilis, but zy gomata more spreading, muzzle broader and shorter, especially broad ante riorly; canines heavier; incisors decidedly larger. Measurements of longest (middle) claw of fore foot. Over curve, 93 mm.; from top of base to tip, 75 ; from bottom of base to tip, 55. Ursus americanus eremicus subsp. nov. Type from Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila, Mexico. No. 116,952. Adult female. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection. April 21, 1902. E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Original No. 15,11 1. Cranial characters of female. Size and general characters as in amblyceps, but frontals in the female depressed instead of elevated, the face line (in Merriam Four New Bears from North America. 155 profile) continuing from end of nose almost to parietals, thus bringing highest part of cranium far back over braincase [in amblyceps the highest part is over orbits, on plane of postorbital processes] ; frontals flat [in amblyceps strongly convex, the sides decurved] ; nasals smaller, more wedge-shape, and straight or neaVly straight [in amblyceps the ante rior third is strongly upturned] ; rostrum more slender anteriorly ; anterior nares narrower ; occipitosphenoid length shorter ; canines more slender ; outer incisors decidedly smaller; upper molars slightly larger, more broadly and squarely truncate anteriorly [in amblyceps more rounded and retreat ing on inner side]. Naked nose pad very long ; ears rather long. Color. Black, the woolly underfur very dark brown; muzzle dark brown in type specimen (old female), but light brown, almost yellowish brown, in half-grown cub. Measurements (type specimen). Total length, 1,290 ; tail, 66; hind foot, 210. Remarks. I have not seen an adult male from Coahuila, but if the ani mal inhabiting the Davis Mountains, Texas, is the same, the old female has a remarkable skull, the nose strongly pugged, the frontals rising ab ruptly much higher than in amblyceps. VOL. XVII, PP. 157-158 OCTOBER 6, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW COYOTE FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Among the specimens recently collected by E. A. Goldman in southern Chiapas, near the boundary of Guatemala, is an unde- scribed species of Coyote. It is much larger than any heretofore discovered in Mexico and may be known from the following description : Canis goldtnani sp. nov. Type from San Vicente, Chiapas, Mexico, near Guatemala border. No. 133,204. Adult female. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collec tion. April 25, 1904. E.A.Goldman. Original No. 16,725. Characters. Size large largest of the Mexican species, larger than lestes and equal to latrans except that the rostrum is not so long. Color. Muzzle, top of head, ears, and legs fulvous; face grizzled grayish fulvous ; some black hairs in ears; back grizzled buffy gray and fulvous ; underfur pale fulvous, much paler than in vigilis or cagottis. Cranial characters. Muzzle rather broad ; postorbital processes strongly developed ; frontals deeply sulcate ; bullse very large, larger than in any known species ; very broad and flattened on outer side ; teeth large, those of female about as large as in male cagottis, except lower carnassial, which is decidedly smaller than in cngottis. Measurements (of type, adult female). Total length, 1,220 ; tail vertebrae, 355 ; hind foot, 216. 29 PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (157) VOL. XVII, PP. 159-160 OCTOBER 6, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SEA OTTER FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. BY C. HART MERRIAM. The Biological Survey has recently secured from Geo. M. McGuire, of Santa Barbara, the skeleton of an adult male sea otter killed July 2, 1904, on San Miguel Island, the most wes terly of the Santa Barbara or Channel Islands, California. Sea otters were formerly abundant on these islands, but are now exceedingly rare and believed to be rapidly approaching ex tinction. Comparison of the skull of this specimen with a series of skulls from Bering Sea (the type locality of lutris) shows the California animal to be a well-marked subspecies. It may be known from the following description : Latax lutris nereis subsp. nov. Type from San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Islands, California. No. 133,508. Adult male. U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collec tion. July 2, 1904. Geo. M. McGuire. Cranial characters. Skull large, broad, and high, with long and high sagittal crest and swollen braincase. Compared with lutris the following differences appear: Skull as a whole less flattened, braincase more swollen and rounded, the sides (viewed from above), more convex and swollen, especially behind the constriction ; anterior part of zygomata more broadly and squarely expanded ; basioccipital forming an angle with basisphe- noid ; coronoid processes sloping strongly backward ; sagittal crest much higher and more decurved posteriorly ; inner cusp of large upper premo- lar (pm 3) elongated along anterior part of inner lobe (instead of conical) and showing a tendency to subdivide into two parts; 1st lower molar broader and more broadly truncate posteriorly. The specimen in the flesh measured 6 feet in length. 30-Pnoc. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (159) VOL. XVII, PP. 161-162 DECEMBER 27, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN CRABS. BY MARY J. RATH BUN. A number of crabs were lent some years ago to the U. S. Na tional Museum by the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen, for the author's use in a monograph of American Brachyura. As the completion of this publication is indefinitely postponed , the new species, the types of which are in the Museum at Copen hagen, are briefly described here. Uca oersted! sp. nov. Type. Male, from a lot of 2 males, 1 female, from Punta Arenas, Costa Rica ; Mr. CErsted, collector. Surface uneven; a deep groove on outer side of gastric and cardiac regions is continued anteriorly in a transverse groove behind orbits, and posteriorly toward postero-lateral angle ; a second longitudinal groove outside the first divides branchial regions unequally. Front at base one-sixth as wide as distance between antero-lateral angles, gradually narrowing to a broadly rounded extremity. Antero-lateral angle little more than a right-angle; anterior third of side margin directed back ward and a little outward ; the margin then turns abruptly inward at an oblique angle and terminates above insertion of second pair of legs. Larger palm coarsely tuberculate outside ; inside an oblique ridge runs from lower margin to a point above middle, then turns at a prominent right angle toward supero-distal end of palm, where it joins the proximal of the two ridges parallel to base of dactylus. 31 PROC. BIOI,. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (161) 162 Descriptions of Three New Species of American Crabs. Length of type, 12 ; width, 13.3 ; exorbital width, 12.1 mm. Distinguished by deeply areolated carapace, strongly angulated side- margins and narrow front from all other species of the broad-fronted group. Pinnaxodes meinerti sp. nov. Type. Male. Valparaiso, Chile; Mr. Kroyer, collector. Near P. hirtipes Heller,* a specimen of which, from Port Otway,f is used for comparison. Carapace of our species wider ; segments of legs shorter and broader ; abdomen of male tapering from third to seventh segments, sixth not constricted ; outer maxilliped of different form, merus joint taper ing rapidly to distal end. Length of type, 6.8 ; width, 7.9 mm. Lophopanopeus nicaraguensis sp. nov. Type. Male. Realejo, west coast of Nicaragua ; Mr. OErsted, collector. Carapace crossed by transverse lines of coarse granules, on front, on epigastric lobes, 2 on each protogastric region, one at widest part of meso- gastric region ; on posterior branchial area a nearly longitudinal row of very short granulated rugse which extend to posterior margin. 1 Front little more than J width of carapace, median notch V-shaped, lobes most advanced near the notch, outer angles dentiform. Antero-lateral teeth 5 (orbital included), thick, upturned, increasing in size from first to fourth. From the second a crest extends to buccal angle ; fourth and fifth cristate above. Chelipeds very unequal. Granules of palm form transverse reticulating lines ; tubercles form two rows above, and near wrist tend to make longi tudinal rows on outer surface. Fingers of large claw gaping, large basal tooth on dactylus, thumb deflexed. Superior crest of carpus of legs unevenly granulate. Length of type, 8.7; width, 13 ; width of front, 3.5 mm. The ornamentation of the surface, the prominence of the lateral teeth and the absence of lobes from the carpal crests of the legs, distinguish this species from others on the west coast of America. * Reise Novara, Crust., p. 68, pi. VI, fig. 2, 1865. t Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 607, pi. XLIII, figs. 10 and 11, 1898. VOL. XVII, pp. 163-164 DECEMBER 27, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW COTTOID FISH FROM BERING SEA. HY HUGH M. SMITH. [Contribution from U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.] The steamer Albatross, while en route from Japan to America in 1900, made a series of dredgings on the coast of Kamchatka and about the Aleutian Islands. At one dredging station in Bering Sea, 150 miles north of the Rat Islands, there was ob tained, on June 27, at a depth of 270 fathoms, a small sculpin representing a new genus and species. Thecopterus, new genus of Cottidse. Similar to Dasycottus Bean, but with the dorsal fins connected, the branchial membranes joined to the isthmus, the preopercle with 3 spines, and the head and body destitute of tubercles and cirri. Body short, compressed, deep, tapering abruptly backward from the large head; mouth moderate, terminal, the jaws equal; a band of villiform teeth in each jaw and a patch of teeth on vomer ; three sharp preopercular spines ; gill membranes united to isthmus ; no slit behind last branchial arch; dorsal fins connected, the anterior incased in a fold of skin from which the tips of the spines project, the posterior dorsal similar to anal, both partly concealed by skin; ventrals small and short, the rays (apparently) 1,2; skin smooth, scaleless, the lateral line prominent and continuous. From Malacocoltus Bean, this genus differs in having vomerine teeth, no cutaneous filaments, connected dorsal fins, etc. Thecopterus aleuticus, new species. Head large, broad, little depressed, its length somewhat less than half total length and slightly exceeding its greatest depth and breadth ; body compressed, abruptly tapering from dorsal origin to caudal peduncle, the depth of which equals three-fifths diameter of eye ; greatest depth of body about equal to length of head posterior to snout ; head with small asperities but no ridges or tubercles ; snout broad, rounded, less than diameter of eye ; eye large, one-third length of head ; interocular space much less than eye ; 32-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH . VOL. XVII, 1904. (163) 164 A New Cottoid Fish from Bering Sea. mouth of moderate size, jaws about equal, maxillary extending to vertical from anterior margin of pupil, mandible broadly U-shaped with diverging rami ; a rather broad band of villiform teeth in each jaw, and a patch of similar teeth on vomer ; upper angle of gill-cover rounded and projecting across the lateral line ; the three preopercular spines enclosing a small triangular space, the two posterior spines directed backward, the anterior outward ; gill-rakers short ; gill-membranes narrowly joined to isthmus ; a continuous series of conspicuous lateral pores beginning under the first dorsal spine and extending on caudal fin ; dorsal rays X + 14, the two parts united by a membrane whose height equals half diameter of eye; anterior dorsal rather high, its length about equal to eye and snout, the spines encased in a smooth dermal sheath from which their tips project; FIG. l. Thecopterus aleuticus Smith, new genus and species. soft dorsal longer and higher than spinous, the anterior rays more or less concealed by skin ; anal fin with 11 rays, immediately under the soft dorsal and similar to it ; caudal rounded, about half length of head ; pectorals large, rounded, of 20 rays, extending beyond origin of anal ; ventrals very short, the rays I, 2* ; anal opening considerably nearer to base of tail than to end of snout. Color. Entire body minutely speckled with black ; a broad black band across body between soft dorsal and anal fins, another black band behind axil of pectoral ; several small dark areas on head, body, and fins. Type specimen 40 millimetres long, from Albatross station 3785, in Bering Sea 150 miles north of the Rat Islands, at a depth of 270 fathoms. * Owing to the recent mislaying of the specimen, it is impossible to verify this rather th^artta f rmUla ** ^ ^^^ ^ M determined independently by the author and VOL. XVII, PP. 165-168 DECEMBER 27, 1904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON GENERAL NOTES. GYROSTACHYS SIMPLEX IN VIRGINIA. Many years ago I found a large number of plants of this orchid near Fort Myer, Alexandria County, but the station has long been destroyed. On September 28, 1904, 1 found three plants in a pine wood in Fairfax County above the Great Falls. The above seems to be the first record of this small species for the State and the most southern. William Palmer. ZOSTEROPS FLAVISSIMA McGREGOR, PREOCCUPIED. Dr. C. AV. Richmond writes me that the above name employed by me for the silver-eye of Cagayancillo Island, P. I., (Bulletin Philippine Museum, No. 4) is preoccupied. Hartert used the same name for a species from Bi- nongka Id., Tukang-Besi group, southeast of Celebes (Novitates Zoologicse, X, April 20, 1903, p. 29). As the Philippine bird requires a new name, it maybe called Zosterops richmondi. Richard C. McGregor, Manila, P. I. A CORRECTION OF BARROWS' RECORD OF COCCYZUS PUMI- LUS FROM CONCEPCION DEL URUGUAY. In the Auk for 1884 (Vol. I, p. 28) W. B. Barrows notes the capture of three cuckoos at Concepcion del Uruguay, one on December 11, one on December 30, and the third on January 22, 1880. The first two he refers to Coccyzus pumilus Strickland (No. 117 of his list) and the last to Coccyzus cinereus Vieillott (No. 119 of his list). I have lately examined these skins, preserved in the Museum of Com parative Zoology, and find that they all belong to Coccyzus cinereus. The December specimens are adults in perfectly characteristic plumage. The January skin is a young bird in a plumage that differs from that of the adult in the same manner that young of other species of Coccyzus differ from their parents. In wing and tail measurements it agrees with the 33-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (165) 166 adults ; the bill, however, is much smaller. The tail has the general indis tinctness of marking peculiar to immature examples of Coccyzus ; the wing feathers are narrowly edged and tipped with rusty ; the throat and chest are plain ashy ; the lower sides, flanks and under tail coverts are strongly washed with dull tawny-ochraceous. In one rather interesting point this specimen is peculiar the outer pair of rectrices fall 18 mm. short of the other feathers, giving the tail a more fan-shaped and therefore more normal appearance than in the adult, which has a square tail. It would have been, perhaps, hardly worth while to make this correction here had not Sclater, on Barrows' record alone, included Coccyzus pumilus in his Argentine Ornithology (Vol. II, p. 39), remarking that "the species was only previously known to occur in Venezuela and Colombia." In the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum, Vol. XIX, 1891, p. 313, Shelley includes in his synonymy, under Cocci/zus pumilus, a reference to Barrows' record, but does not allow that record to affect the distribution of the species, the habitat of which is given as "The Island of Trinidad,* Vene zuela and Columbia." Ontrnm Bang*. OX A SUPPOSED CONTINENTAL SPECIMEN OF SOLENODON. There is in the Museum of Comparative Zoloogy a specimen of ,SVr//o//o/> that was sent in alcohol (entire and apparently fresh when immersed in the spirits) from the Isthmus of Darien, in 1871, by the late Dr. G. A. Maack. Twenty years later, on the strength of this specimen, Prof. Samuel Carman in his review of Flower and Lydekker's " An Introduction to the Study of Mammals Living and Extinct"! said: "NVefind Solenodon restricted to Cuba and Hayti though also found in Central America." This published statement brought forth for a time no end of comment, and Professor Garman defended himself by saying that there was the specimen and that there could be no question of its genuineness. In time the controversy died a natural death, and even Garman's statement that Solenodon occurs in Central A merica is probably now forgotten. Fearing, however, that one day the question was sure to be mooted again, I took the Solenodon out of its jar, skinned it, removed the skull and compared it with all available material. This I did with the utmost care, because if Solenodon does still occur on the continent as does not seem altogether unreasonable in the light of recent disco veriest it surely must be different from either of the island species with which we are familiar. The specimen in question proved indistinguishable in any way from Cuban examples, but, wishing another opinion than my own, t sent it to Gerri^S. Miller, Jr., who agreed with me that it unquestionably belonged * Neither Leotaud nor Chapman give this bird as found in Trinidad, and I therefore doubt its occurrence there. See Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, 1894, pp. 10-11, as to numerous birds wrongly attributed to the island. f The Nation, No. 1381, Dec. 17, 1891, p. 477. t The discovery of a Capromys-like rodent in the mountains of Venezuela Procap- omysgeaji (Pousargues)-is not less astonishing, and much in the same line, as would be the existence of a Solenodon on the continent. General Notes. 167 to the Cuban species Solenodon cubanus Peters. In only one way is it at all peculiar its fore-claws are very long and sharp and obviously had not been used in digging or scratching for insects for some time before its death, at once suggesting its having been kept in confinement. The whole matter, therefore, of the continental record of Solenodon may be disposed of for good in a few words. The specimen (No. 3223, Mus. Comp. Zool.) is a perfectly characteristic example of the Cuban Solenodon ; it was sent without comment or special data from the Isthmus of Darien by a reliable naturalist, but it has certain appearances of having been kept in confinement, and in all probability was brought alive from Cuba to Darien, where Dr. Maack secured it either still living or soon after its death. Out ram Banys. ON THE HABITS OF CAMBARUS UHLERI FAXON. Gnnbarus uhleri, described by Faxon from a rather extensive series of specimens sent him by Dr. Philip Uhler, is apparently confined to the portion of Maryland known popularly as the Eastern Shore. According to Dr. Uhler and his collector, his specimens were found in ditches, even in places where the water was decidedly brackish. Two years ago in Somerset County, and last summer in Dorchester County, I found the species rather abundant in burrows in low-lying areas not far from the bay but always near ponds or ditches of fresh water. In nearly every case the area selected was in dense pine woods. The burrows were quite similar to those made by C. dtogenes, and, like that species, C. uhleri erects a chimney over the mouth of its burrow. The chimney is usually rather low and can not represent any considerable por tion of the earth removed from the hole, for in some cases this extended to a depth of 4 or 5 feet. A single individual invariably occupied a burrow and no communication between burrows was observed. In a lot of about a dozen specimens collected near Crisfield, in September, 1903, both forms of the male are represented ; it would therefore appear that the time of ecdysis and transition from form II to form I must be in the late fall. From inquiries I learned that in the spring the animals emerge from their burrows and are common in ditches and small streams. This emergence, like that of C. dioyenes, is doubtless for the purpose of mating, which having been accomplished, the crayfish returns to a burrow or digs a new one. The color of all the specimens observed was a dirty greenish brown, the tips of the chelae alone being somewhat reddish. Dr. Uhler, in conversa tion, has reported that some of his specimens were beautifully marked with spots of golden yellow. Throughout the region mentioned the crayfish is known as the " lobiftar" C. uhleri is unquestionably an offshoot from the C. diogenes stock and has probably reached its rather isolated range from the north. The examina tion of an extensive' series of specimens from localities lying farther to the northward, but still on the Maryland-Virginia Peninsula, would be of great interest and would doubtless throw some light on the post-glacial distribution of our crayfishes. W. P. Hay. 168 General Notes. A NEW BOB-WHITE FROM THE UNITED STATES. The advisability of naming this evident island race is perhaps somewhat doubtful for various obvious reasons, but as the sole existing specimen rep resents the characters of what I believe to be a strongly marked, small, non-migratory, alar degenerate race, I have decided to describe it. The Key West Bob-white is probably now extinct, though perhaps still rarely to be found. Through the kindness of Mr. William Brewster I have been able to examine the only specimen as far as I know ever taken on Key West. The specimen was taken by a native and secured by Mr. J. W. Atkins. It is a male, original Scott coll., No. 6,086, Brewster coll., 46,670, taken July 5, 1888. Measurements taken in flesh as follows : Igth., Sffc; ext, 13] ; wg., 3|-f [81] ; tar., Ijj ; [30] ; tail, 2 [51]. My measurements taken from skin : wg., 97 ; tail, 44 ; tar., 30 ; bill depth, 11 ; nost, 9 ; bill Igth., 14. Mr. Scott records the capture of this specimen and states that Mr. Atkins says that' " Quail seem almost unknown to the inhabitants of Key West " and that the only additional records he has made there, are "one seen and another heard on May 11, 1888; one seen on May 22, 1888. In a letter received March 28, 1903, Mr. Atkins writes me that he has not seen any Bob-whites on the island since 1888. The above specimen, he says, was shot out of a covey of four. The remainder were he believes shot by pot-hunters who were " relentlessly pursuing them." Colinus virginianus insulanus subsp. nov. KEY WEST BOB- WHITE. Type : No. 46,670, Coll. of Mr. William Brewster, male taken at Key West, Florida, July 5, 1888. Geographical Range : Key West, Florida. Subxpecific Characters : Crown uniform dark fuscous, forehead showing more white. Otherwise colored like floridanue. Size decidedly smaller. Reginald Heber Howe, Jr. VOL. XVII, PP. 169-172 DECEMBER 27, 1904 PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SOME CHANGES IN CRUSTACEAN NOMENCLATURE. BY MARY J. RATHBUN. There has recently come into my hands, through the kindness of Dr. Charles W. Richmond, a copy of Fridericus Weber's " Nornenclator entomologicus secundum Entomologiam syste- maticam ill. Fabricii adjectis speciehus recens detectis et vari- etatibus, ' ' published in Kiel ( ' ' Chilonii ' ' ) and Hamburg, 1795 . Under the Agonata or Crustacea, pp. 91-96, many of the genera first described in J. C. Fabricius's " Supplementum Entomo- logirc Systematical " 1798, are enumerated, and as they are accompanied by lists of species most of which were previously known, the genera themselves must date from 1795 instead of 1798. This has already been brought out by Sherborn in his "Index Animalium," 1902. Both Weber and Fabricius had access to a manuscript by Daldorf, who had made largo collections of Crustacea in the Orient and had classified them under a more elaborate system than had yet appeared in print. Daldorf never published his results, and unfortunately his two followers did not make similar use of his manuscript. It follows that the earlier and little known arrangement of Weber must supersede the long accepted one of Fabricius. In the majority of cases the composition of genera is essentially the same by both authors. There are, however, seven notable exceptions : 34-PROC. BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XVII, 1904. (169) 170 Some Change* in Crustacean Nomenclature, 1. The Linna3an genus Cancer is abandoned by Weber, and among its dissevered parts we find the genus Alphem for that group of crabs which three years later Fabricius kept as typical of Cancer. Alphas Weber therefore may be considered a synonym of Cancer, and, as it is a synonym, it can no longer be employed for the macruran gen vis which has so long served as the type of the Alpheida\ 2. The name Crangon appears first in Weber attached to the four species "of shrimps which were later called Alpha* * by Fabricius, viz., ararus, famulus, rapax and malabaricits ; all but the last were nom'nia nnda at that time, and therefore maldbaricd is the type of Crangon. In place of Crangon Fabricius 1798, we may use Crago Lamarck,* type Crago vulgaris (= Centre,- rrangon Linnaeus). 3. In Weber we find the genus Homarus, which is usually attributed to Milne Edwards 1837. t As Weber used Alphni* to include the typical crabs, abandoning Cancer altogether, so he used Homarus for the lobster, crayfish, and other typical species of Astacas Fabricius 1775 and abandoned Astacus altogether. Instead of regarding Homarus Weber as a synonym of Astacti* Fabricius, it is desirable to allow both names to stand each with the type later assigned to it, viz, Homarus gaminarus (Linna>us) + and Astacus astacus ( Linnaeus ). This is in accordance with Canon XXVI of the A. O. U. code, which follows an earlier and similar canon promulgated by the British Association. 4. Parthenope Weber 1795 contains six species, fornicata, gifaffa, longimana, regina, lar and dubia. Of these the second and last three were nomina nuda at that date, leaving fornirata and longimana the only valid species. Parthenope Fabricius has up to this time been limited according to the specification of its type by Leach 1814, as horridu Linnaais, a species included by Weber not in Parthenope but in a list of doubtful species of Cancer listed in his introduction. Strictly speaking, the lim itation of Parthenope took place at an earlier date than thVt of Leach. In 1801 1| Lamarck formed the genus Maja by uniting Inachm and Parthenope, giving the type of the latter group as *Syst. Anim. sans Vert., 159, 1801. fHist. Nat. Crust., II, 333, 1837. t Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 333, 1837. \ Latreille, Consid. sur les Crust., 422, 1810. 1 Syst. Anim. sans Vert, 154, 1801. ('limn/ex in ('riiKtiirr Onychopterus Orina pinguicula Orinella Osgood, W. H. The caribou of Alaska viii - Haplomylomys, a new subgenus of Peromyscus 53-54 - Thirty new mice of the genus Peromyscus from Mexico and Gua temala 55-78 Two new pocket mice of the genus Perognathus 127-128 Otopleura 5 Palmer, Wm. Gyrostachys simplex in Virginia 165 Parthenia armata 11 diadema 11 Parthenina 10 Parthenope 170 Parus wollweberi 26 Pedicularis gray! 100 procera .... Pelexia setacea . . . Pentstemon formosus glaber . kennedvi llus 100 116 100 97 97 100 pulchel] puniceus KH) roezli 97 superbus 100 violaceus 96 Peristichia . 9 toreta 9 Perodipus cabezonee 144 goldmani 143 ingens ... 141 levipes 145 microps 145 montanus 140 simulans 144 tularensis 143 utahensis .... 143 venustus 142 Perognathus perniger 127 ochrus 128 Peromyscus allex 76 allophylus ] 71 Peromyscus altilaneus 74 amplus 62 angelensis B badius 70 bullatus castaneus . consobrinus evides eremicoides eremicus fulvus gentilis goldmani lophurus melanocarpus mesomelas nigrescens pectoralis phseurus polius simulatus simulus teapensis vicinior xenurus zamelas /amora- zelotes Phacelia monosperma . - Pharcidella folinii Pinnaxodes meinerti . . - Pitangus derbianus .... Pleurogyne fontana .... Pocket gophers, a study of Porzana goldmani Pseudorissoina Ptycheulimella Pyramidella auricoma 4 auris-cati 5 clandestina 6 cossmani 5 dodona 6. 14 4 162 26 177 vii 151 , 13 3,4 jamaicensis . . . nitidula paumotensis . . . punctata . . . . pyramidata . . . subulata Pyramidellidse . . . . Pyrgisculus ...... Pyrgiscus Pyrgolampros ... mioperplicatulus Pyrgolidium . . . . roseum . . . . Pyrgulina Quaking aspen, scars on viii, x Rathbun, M. J. A preoccupied crab name 102 Descriptions of three new spe cies of American crate . . . .161-162 Some changes in crustacean nomenclature 169-172 Ridgway, Robt. Nannorchilus, new name for Hemiura, preoccupied . . 102 Rissoa doliatum 10 pyrrhacme 14 Rissoella eburnea 14 Rose, J! N. Revision of N. A. Crassul- acese . . . .viii Index. 185 Rose, J. N. A very curious plant from Mexico x Syrnolastriata 5 Syrnolina 6 Saccoina 8 salassia 10 carinata 10 Sauroglossuru cranichoides 117 Scalenostoma 13 carinata 13 Sceloporus couchii 17 merriami . . 17 variabilis 17 Schvvarz, E. A. The insect-catching grass of Cuba ix Sciuropterus goldmani 148 Sciurus kaibabensis 129 mimus 130 perigrinator 149 senex 148 Seton, E. T. A study of the pocket gophers, the fertilizers of the west . viii Scars on the quaking aspen . . viii Seed-bearing fern x Seedless coffee tree 85 Self fertility 88 Serpophaga cana 113 cinerea 113 Sidalcea crenulata 93 neo-mexicana 94 nervata 94 oregana 94 Smith, H. M. The Japanese dwarf sal mon and the fishing therefor with cormorants xi Description of a new species of blind eel of the genus Anguilla 121-122 A new cottoid fish from Beh- ring Sea 163-164 Solenodon cubanus 167 Sonorella wolcottiana 101 Spelerpes porphyriticus 102 Sphaeralcea ambigua 94 paryifolla 94 Sphaerostigma tortuosa 95 Spica monterosatoi 8 Spiralinella 11 Spiroclimax 13 scalaris 13 Steele, E. S. The globose-headed La- ciniarias ix Stejneger, L. A new lizard from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas ... 17-20 Streptanthus pedicellatus 92 Stiles, C. W. On the meeting of the international committee on zoolog ical nomenclature x Stilifer tasmanica 13 Stomega 13 Strioturbonilla . 7 alpina ... . ......... 7 Stylopsis ................ 6 typica .............. 6 Styloptygma Sulcorinella dodona Sulcoturbonilla Syrnola ... caloosaensis densistriata gracillima rubra . Telmatodytes tolucensis 152 Termite nests . . ix Tetraneuris dodgei 112 litiearifolia Ill oblongifolia 112 Thecopterus 163 aleuticus 163 Tiberia .... 5 Todirostrum cinereum 113 finitimum 114 Tonatella turricula 7 Trabecula 10 Tragula 8 Triptychus 5 niveus 5 Trochus dolabratus 3, 4 Tropaeus 5 Turbo albulus 12 Turbo interstinctus 10 nivosa 13 plicata . . 4, 13 plicatulus 4 spiralis 11 Tnrbonilla 3, 7 archeri 9,15 elongata 9 plicatula 4,7 typica 4, 7 Tyrannula cinerascens 25, 33 cooperi 25 mexicana 25, 31 u Uca oersted! 161 Ulfa 5 cossmani 5 Uropsila . 102 Ursus eremicus 154 eulophus 153 kenaiensis 154 phieony x 14 Vagna 5 Vigor, kinetic 87 Vilia 10 pilsbryi 10,15 Viola kelloggii 100 prsemorsa 92 purpurea 100 senecta 92 Visma 8 Voluspa 4 W Water fowl at L. Maxinkuckee . . . . x Waters. C. E. Exhibition of ferns . . viii W hite, D. A new seed-bearing fern . . x W 7 ilcox, T. E. The flora of the west ern U. S. and Alaska . . x Zosterops flavissima richmondi . . 165 .165 i